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- Blom, Victoria, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Physiological and behavioral reactivity when one's self-worth is staked on competence
- 2011
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Ingår i: Individual Differences Research. - 1541-745X .- 2169-3951. ; 9, s. 138-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Contingent self-esteem, where one‟s self-value is staked on success and competence, is a particularly vulnerable disposition with impact on well-being. This study compared physiological and behavioral reactivity between individuals self-rated as high and low in competence based self-esteem (N = 61), in a performance situation. To assess reactivity we used a traditional overt measure of blood pressure and a novel, covert, measure of response force. The results show that high scorers in competence based self-esteem exhibited an overall pattern of stronger reactivity as indicated by higher blood pressure and response force as compared to low scorers.
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| 3. |
- Blom, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
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Prestationsbaserad självkänsla och anspänning i en prestationssituation
- 2008
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Ingår i: Stressforskningskongressen, 19-20 May 2008, Uppsala, Sverige.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contingent self-esteem built on achievements and competence on a basis of impoverished fundamental self-love is labeled Competence-Based Self-Esteem (CBSE). Individuals with this cognitive-motivational structure tend to drive themselves to the extent that they risk their own health in their striving to compensate for their low basic self-esteem. This means that CBSE is a disposition that increases an individual’s vulnerability to stress and potentially increases the risk for future health problems. This study compared physiological reactivity between high and low scorers (N = 61) on ‘The Competence Based Self-esteem Scale’ (Johnson & Blom, 2007) in a performance situation. To assess reactivity we used a traditional overt measure of blood pressure and a novel, covert measure of response force measured by a sensor installed in the computer mouse. The results showed that high scorers on the CBSE scale exhibited significantly stronger physiological reactivity indicated by higher blood pressure and more forceful responses, particularly in the first phase of the performance session, as compared to low scorers. Generally, the results suggest that, when expected to perform well, individuals with high CBSE strive harder and exhibit more tension and frustration compared to those with low CBSE. These results suggest that CBSE has behavioral consequences relevant for work-related stress and ill health.
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| 4. |
- Blom, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
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Pushing oneself to ill health : Competence based self-esteem and physical reactivity
- 2008
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Ingår i: Work, stress and health conference, 6-9 March 2008, Washington, USA.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research indicates that people who have a low basic self-esteem and pursue success and competence in order to validate the self often exceed their limits. They tend to drive themselves hard to the extent that they risk their own health when striving to compensate an impoverished fundamental self-love. This vulnerable cognitive-motivational structure, labeled competence based self-esteem, is associated with wellbeing in general and with burnout in particular. The aim of the present study was to investigate experimentally the effects of Competence based self-esteem (CBSE; Johnson & Blom, 2007) by comparing high and low scorers on the scale regarding different indicators of physiological reactivity in a performance situation. On the basis of current theoretical accounts it follows that high scorers would exhibit more reactivity than low scorers.Physiological reactivity was measured by three indices of blood pressure and a non-intrusive assessment of response force, indicating momentary exertion, measured by way of a force sensor installed in the computer mouse. As a complementary index of reactivity each individual’s perceived arousal was assessed. The participants were 61 undergraduate students extracted from a pool of 220 students who had responded to a questionnaire with the CBSE scale.The results showed that high as compared to low scorers in CBSE scale exhibited significantly stronger physiological reactivity and strain/effort indicated by higher general blood pressure and more forceful responses, particularly in the first phase of the performance session. In addition, high scorers reported more perceived frustration, tension and anxiety than low scorers. Generally, the results indicate that individuals with high CBSE, when expected to perform well, strive harder with more tense and frustrated feelings than those with low CBSE. These results are in line with previous research and coincide well with the theoretical formulations behind the CBSE measure. They also suggest that CBSE has behavioral consequences with relevance for work related stress and illness. Further research will address the role of environmental stress factors for CBSE structure, which promises to shed new light on important aspects of occupational health.
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| 5. |
- Blom, Victoria, 1975-
(författare)
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Striving for self-esteem : Conceptualizations and role in burnout
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- When self-esteem is dependent on competence individuals invest a great deal of effort in their accomplishments in order to validate themselves. The aim of the present thesis was to develop a theoretically sound and valid concept and measure of contingent self-esteem dependent on competence, and examine its vulnerable implications and role in burnout. In Study I a concept and measure of contingent self-esteem dependent on competence, termed competence-based self-esteem (CBSE), was developed. Confirmatory factor analyses showed its distinctiveness from other sources of self-esteem and revealed two dimensions comprising behaviors referring to: i) Self-esteem conditional upon competence and ii) Frustrated self-critical strivings. The new scale showed high reliability and gained both convergent and discriminative validity through different methods in different samples. Study II set out to experimentally test the vulnerable implications of CBSE in a performance situation. The results showed that high, as compared to low, scorers on the scale exhibited stronger physiological reactivity and momentary exertion coupled with frustrated mood. Study III focused on the role of self-esteem contingent on competence in the burnout process and its association with work- and private-life stressors over time in working women and men. The analyses showed that contingent self-esteem was a predictor of burnout. In addition, women scored higher on both contingent self-esteem and burnout and reported higher general life stress than did men, whereas men showed stronger associations between work stressors and burnout. The results of the three studies suggest that contingent self-esteem, where outcomes of one’s acts and performance serve to compensate an impoverished basic self-worth, facilitates the understanding of stress-related vulnerability and ill-health.
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| 7. |
- Johnson, Maarit
(författare)
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Active and passive maladaptive behaviour patterns mediate the relationship between contingent self-esteem and health
- 2011
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 51:2, s. 178-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- People with an impoverished basic self-acceptance are compelled to seek external reassurances of their own value and to cope with the threats and challenges of social life by different compensatory behaviours. The present study examines the links between competence based self-esteem (CBSE) and relation based self-esteem (RBSE) (Johnson & Blom, 2007), active and passive maladaptive socio-behavioural styles and health status. The active style was indicated by hostile perfectionistic strivings whereas the passive style was indicated by avoidance and emotion suppression. In a cross-sectional design 284 Swedish adults completed personality and health questionnaires. The results showed that CBSE is a stronger predictor of poor physical health than RBSE and that the relation is primarily mediated by an active toxic style, whereas the role of RBSE for health appears purely indirect, mediated by a passive repressive style. An additional finding was that the two types of contingent SE and socio-behavioural styles were associated with different kinds of health problems.
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| 9. |
- Johnson, Maarit, et al.
(författare)
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Competence or relationships as a determinant of self-esteem: development and validity of two scales of contingent self-esteem.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychosomatic Research. ; , s. 397-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim and method: To distinguish between two different vulnerable self-structures, where individuals' perceived self-worth is defined either by accomplishments or emotional security, we developed two scales measuring Competence dependent self-esteem (SE) and Relation dependent self-esteem. Initially, responses (N = 216) to an item pool of 62 contingent SE items were subjected to exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.Results: Two factors emerged indicating SE dependent on competence and SE dependent on emotional relations. On this basis two scales were developed which both yielded a structure consisting of two factors: Competence SE dimensions referred to (1) SE conditional upon competence/need to outperform others and (2) frustrated strivings/self-criticism. Relation SE dimensions reflected (1) love seeking/fear of rejection and (2) emotional suppression/compliance. The study revealed good reliability indexes for both scales, and evidence of construct validity is obtained in three samples. The scales and their subdimensions have theoretical and practical importance for studies on health and adjustment.
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| 10. |
- Johnson, Maarit, et al.
(författare)
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Contingent self-esteem structures related to cardiac, exhaustive, and immunological disease : A comparison between groups of outpatients
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cogent Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2331-1908. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hostile resentful contra repressive avoidant behaviors, widely associated with different health processes, are considered to arise from people’s specific contingent self-esteem strategies. The present study examines competence-based self-esteem (CBSE), referring to self-critical strivings, and relation-based self-esteem (RBSE), referring to rejection sensitivity and compliance, in three groups of outpatients (n = 85) and healthy controls (n = 37). Patients diagnosed with exhaustion syndromes displayed significantly higher CBSE and RBSE than all other groups. Patients diagnosed with cardiac type of disease showed significantly higher CBSE than those with immunological type of disease and healthy controls, whereas the immunological group reported significantly higher RBSE than the cardiac group and healthy controls. Further, cardiac patients displayed significantly higher CBSE than RBSE, whereas immunological patients reported significantly higher RBSE than CBSE. A discriminant analysis, incorporating the theoretical constituents of the contingent SE scales, showed that the four groups could be predicted by their SE profiles. The systematic patterns found in the present results shed light on the role of self-esteem contingency for differential psychosocial coping and health processes.
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