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- Johnsson, Inger W, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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A high birth weight is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity
- 2015
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : Wiley. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310. ; 10:2, s. 77-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The association between low birth weight and adult disease is well known. Less is known on long-term effects of high birth weight.OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate whether a high birth weight increases risk for adult metabolic disease.METHODS: Swedish term single births, 1973-1982 (n = 759 999), were studied to age 27.5-37.5 years using Swedish national registers. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated in relation to birth weight for type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia.RESULTS: Men with birth weights between 2 and 3 standard deviation score (SDS) had a 1.9-fold increased risk (HR 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25-2.90) of type 2 diabetes, whereas those with birth weights above 3 SDS had a 5.4-fold increased risk (HR 5.44, 95% CI 2.70-10.96) compared to men with birth weights between -2 and 2 SDS. The corresponding HRs for women were 0.60 (95% CI 0.40-0.91) and 1.71 (95% CI 0.85-3.43) for birth weights 2-3 SDS and >3 SDS, respectively. Men with birth weights between 2 and 3 SDS had a 1.5-fold increased risk (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.22-1.77) of obesity. The corresponding risk for women was 1.3-fold increased (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.19-1.46). For men and women with birth weights above 3 SDS, the risks of adult obesity were higher, HR 2.46 (95% CI 1.63-3.71) and HR 1.85 (95% CI 1.44-2.37), respectively.CONCLUSIONS: A high birth weight, particularly very high, increases the risk of type 2 diabetes in male young adults. The risk of obesity increases with increasing birth weight in both genders.
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| 2. |
- Johnsson, Inger W, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Females with a high birth weight have increased risk of offspring macrosomia and obesity, but not of gestational diabetes
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim This study investigated how maternal birth weight was related to offspring birth weight, as well as to risk of obesity in pregnancy and gestational diabetes.Methods The cohort (N= 305 893) comprises females born term and singleton in Sweden 1973-1995, studied at the time of their first pregnancy. Information regarding their birth weight, BMI and complications during pregnancy was retrieved from the Swedish Medical Birth Register in addition to data on their mothers and offspring.Results A maternal birth weight between 2-3 SDS was associated with a more than threefold increased risk of having an offspring with a birth weight between 2-3 SDS, OR 3.83 (3.44-4.26), or >3 SDS, OR 3.55 (2.54-4.97). Corresponding ORs for a maternal birth weight >3 SDS were 5.38 (4.12-7.01) and 6.98 (3.57-13.65), respectively. Risk of obesity in pregnancy was also related to maternal birth weight with OR 1.52 (1.42-1.63) for a birth weight corresponding to 2-3 SDS and 2.06 (1.71-2.49) for a birth weight >3 SDS. The risk of gestational diabetes was increased in females with a low (<2 SDS) birth weight, OR 2.49 (2.00-3.12), but not in those with a high birth weight.Conclusion Being born with a high birth weight was associated with increased risk of offspring macrosomia and obesity during pregnancy. The risks were most pronounced for subjects with a very high birth weight. A low, but not a high birth weight was associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes.
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| 3. |
- Johnsson, Inger W, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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High birth weight was associated with increased radial artery intima thickness but not with other investigated cardiovascular risk factors in adulthood
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 12, s. 2152-2157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: This study investigated whether a high birth weight was associated with increased risk factors for cardiovascular disease when Swedish adults reached 34-40.METHODS: We studied 27 subjects born at Uppsala University Hospital in 1975-1979, weighing at least 4500 g, and compared them with 27 controls selected by the Swedish National Board of Welfare with birth weights within ±1 standard deviations scores and similar ages and gender. The study included body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, lipid profile, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), C-reactive protein (CRP) and high-frequency ultrasound measurements of intima-media thickness, intima thickness (IT) and intima:media ratio of the carotid and radial arteries.RESULTS: Subjects with a high birth weight did not differ from controls with regard to BMI, blood pressure, lipid profile, high-sensitivity CRP, HbA1c or carotid artery wall dimensions. However, their radial artery intima thickness was 37% greater than the control group and their intima:media ratio was 44% higher.CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that a high birth weight was associated with increased radial artery intima thickness, but not with other investigated cardiovascular risk factors, at 34-40 years of age. The clinical implications of these findings should be investigated further, especially in subjects born with a very high birth weight.
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| 4. |
- Johnsson, Inger W, 1973-
(författare)
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Long-term metabolic effects of a high birth weight
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The intrauterine environment influences foetal growth as well as future response to risk factors for disease. This occurs partly through epigenetic mechanisms. Thus, birth weight is a possible risk marker of adult disease. Low birth weight is a well-known risk factor for adult disease, particularly when associated with obesity and a U-shaped relationship between birth weight and several metabolic diseases has been suggested.In this thesis we investigated associations between a high birth weight and risk of adult disease, e.g. obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes.By analyses of national register data on 759 999 subjects up to the age of 37 years, we could demonstrate an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in males, but not in females, with a high birth weight (>2 SDS). The increase was particularly pronounced in males with a birth weight >3 SDS. There was an association between high birth weight and obesity in males and females, but no such relation was seen for hypertension or serum lipid abnormalities.In a clinical study, 27 cases with a birth weight ≥4 500 grams were compared with 27 controls with normal birth weight, regarding risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The cases had a greater radial artery intima thickness and intima:media ratio compared with the controls indicating early atherosclerotic changes. Body mass index, body composition, insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles, blood pressure, resting energy expenditure and respiratory quotient did not differ between cases and controls, but females with a high birth weight had a more disadvantageous distribution of body fat.In order to investigate associations between birth weight and pregnancy outcomes, register data on 305 893 females was analysed. The results demonstrated an association between the female´s own birth weight and offspring birth weight. A high maternal birth weight was associated with increased risk of obesity. The risk of gestational diabetes was increased in females with a low, but not a high birth weight.In conclusion, subjects with a moderately high birth weight did not differ substantially from those with a normal birth weight regarding risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, differences in arterial wall dimensions were demonstrated in a clinical investigation, and there were differences in BMI and risk of type 2 diabetes on a population level. Since risks are most pronounced in subjects with a birth weight >3 SDS, this group is in particular need of follow up and disease preventive measures.
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| 5. |
- Johnsson, Inger W, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Relation of maternal birthweight with early pregnancy obesity, gestational diabetes, and offspring macrosomia
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease. - : Cambridge University Press. - 2040-1744 .- 2040-1752. ; , s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to investigate how maternal birthweight is related to early pregnancy obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and offspring birthweight. Females born term and singleton in Sweden between 1973 and 1995 (N = 305,893) were studied at their first pregnancy. Information regarding their birthweight, early pregnancy body mass index, and pregnancy complications was retrieved from the Swedish Medical Birth Register, as were data on their mothers and offspring. High maternal birthweights (2-3 standard deviation scores (SDS) and >3 SDS) were associated with greater odds of early pregnancy obesity, odds ratio (OR) 1.52 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42-1.63) and OR 2.06 (CI 1.71-2.49), respectively. A low maternal birthweight (<2 SDS) was associated with greater odds of GDM (OR 2.49, CI 2.00-3.12). No association was found between high maternal birthweight and GDM. A maternal birthweight 2-3 SDS was associated with offspring birthweight 2-3 SDS (OR 3.83, CI 3.44-4.26), and >3 SDS (OR 3.55, CI 2.54-4.97). Corresponding ORs for a maternal birthweight >3 SDS were 5.38 (CI 4.12-7.01) and 6.98 (CI 3.57-13.65), respectively. In conclusion, a high maternal birthweight was positively associated with early pregnancy obesity and offspring macrosomia. A low, but not a high maternal birthweight, was associated with GDM.
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