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| 2. |
- Anxo, Dominique, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Undervärderade effekter av ett längre arbetsliv i Europa
- 2013
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Ingår i: Europapolitisk analys. - Stockholm : Sieps - Svenska Institutet för Europapolitiska studier. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under de senaste 40 åren har sysselsättningsgraden för åldersgruppen 55-64 år utvecklats likartati Danmark, Frankrike, Italien, Nederländerna, Polen, Storbritannien, Sverige och Tyskland. Enminskning har skett fram till mitten av 1990-talet och därefter en ökning. Gemensamt för dessaåtta länder är även att de högutbildade lämnar arbetskraften vid i genomsnitt högre åldrar än delågutbildade och att alternativa anställningsformer (tillfälliga anställningar, egenföretagande, deltidsarbete)är vanligare i högre åldrar. Å andra sidan finns det avsevärda skillnader mellan ländernanär det gäller såväl nuvarande sysselsättningsgrad för äldre och kvinnor som förekomsten av egenföretagandeoch deltidsanställning bland äldre.Syftet med den här analysen är att belysa den övergripande utvecklingen och den aktuella situationenför arbetstagare mellan 50 och 74 år i de åtta länderna. Den sammanfattar också villkoren förden äldre arbetskraften och diskuterar hur nationell politik bör anpassas till ett förlängt arbetsliv.Dessutom presenteras statistik och tidigare studier om de äldres sysselsättning och välfärd.
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| 3. |
- Anxo, Dominique, et al.
(författare)
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Working longer in European countries : underestimated and unexpected effects
- 2012
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Ingår i: International journal of manpower. - : Emerald. - 0143-7720 .- 1758-6577. ; 33:6, s. 612-628
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to analyse the main evolutions and the current situation of the 50-74 year olds on the labour market in eight European countries (Denmark France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Sweden, Poland and the UK). Design/methodology/approach - Based on a cross-country comparative approach, this overview draws on detailed analysis of the situation of older workers and public policies in each of the selected countries but also on a wide range of available studies and statistics on employment and welfare outcomes. Findings - The eight selected countries display similarities: a u-shaped pattern of employment rates of older workers (55-64 years old) over the last 40 years, with an increase since the mid 1990s, the later exit of higher educated workers and the higher prevalence of non-standard employment contracts among older workers. On the other hand, considerable disparities can be observed regarding the gender gap in employment rate, current employment rates, self-employment and part-time employment among older workers. Social implications - Specific questions will be more acute with the effective postponement of retirement: increasing inequalities between groups of older workers, increasing uncertainty about the age of retirement, the way to keep lower educated workers in their jobs, sustainable working conditions, increasing risks of age discrimination, and impact of care of older relatives. Originality/value - This paper offers a synthetic overview with a special attention paid to the main features of the countries' exit patterns at the end of the working life, the prevailing public policies and the specificity of the different national employment and societal models.
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| 5. |
- Franco Gavonel, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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The migration-sustainability paradox : transformations in mobile worlds
- 2021
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-3435. ; 49, s. 98-109
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Migration represents a major transformation of the lives of those involved and has been transformative of societies and economies globally. Yet models of sustainability transformations do not effectively incorporate the movement of populations. There is an apparent migration-sustainability paradox: migration plays a role as a driver of unsustainability as part of economic globalisation, yet simultaneously represents a transformative phenomenon and potential force for sustainable development. We propose criteria by which migration represents an opportunity for sustainable development: increasing aggregate well-being; reduced inequality leading to diverse social benefits; and reduced aggregate environmental burden. We detail the dimensions of the transformative potential of migration and develop a generic framework for migration-sustainability linkages based on environmental, social, and economic dimensions of sustainability, highlighting identity and social transformation dimensions of migration. Such a model overcomes the apparent paradox by explaining the role of societal mobility in achieving sustainable outcomes.
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| 6. |
- Jolivet, Dominique, et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19 responses restricted abilities and aspirations for mobility and migration : insights from diverse cities in four continents
- 2023
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Ingår i: Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. - 2662-9992. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on the impacts of COVID-19 on mobility has focused primarily on the increased health vulnerabilities of involuntary migrant and displaced populations. But virtually all migration flows have been truncated and altered because of reduced economic and mobility opportunities of migrants. Here we use a well-established framework of migration decision-making, whereby individual decisions combine the aspiration and ability to migrate, to explain how public responses to the COVID-19 pandemic alter migration patterns among urban populations across the world. The principal responses to COVID-19 pandemic that affected migration are: 1) through travel restrictions and border closures, 2) by affecting abilities to move through economic and other means, and 3) by affecting aspirations to move. Using in-depth qualitative data collected in six cities in four continents (Accra, Amsterdam, Brussels, Dhaka, Maputo, and Worcester), we explore how populations with diverse levels of education and occupations were affected in their current and future mobility decisions. We use data from interviews with sample of internal and international migrants and non-migrants during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic outbreak to identify the mechanisms through which the pandemic affected their mobility decisions. The results show common processes across the different geographical contexts: individuals perceived increased risks associated with further migration, which affected their migration aspirations, and had reduced abilities to migrate, all of which affected their migration decision-making processes. The results also reveal stark differences in perceived and experienced migration decision-making across precarious migrant groups compared to high-skilled and formally employed international migrants in all settings. This precarity of place is particularly evident in low-income marginalised populations.
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| 7. |
- Richards, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
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Genome Sequence of the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum
- 2010
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Ingår i: PLoS biology. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1544-9173 .- 1545-7885. ; 8:2, s. e1000313-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aphids are important agricultural pests and also biological models for studies of insect-plant interactions, symbiosis, virus vectoring, and the developmental causes of extreme phenotypic plasticity. Here we present the 464 Mb draft genome assembly of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. This first published whole genome sequence of a basal hemimetabolous insect provides an outgroup to the multiple published genomes of holometabolous insects. Pea aphids are host-plant specialists, they can reproduce both sexually and asexually, and they have coevolved with an obligate bacterial symbiont. Here we highlight findings from whole genome analysis that may be related to these unusual biological features. These findings include discovery of extensive gene duplication in more than 2000 gene families as well as loss of evolutionarily conserved genes. Gene family expansions relative to other published genomes include genes involved in chromatin modification, miRNA synthesis, and sugar transport. Gene losses include genes central to the IMD immune pathway, selenoprotein utilization, purine salvage, and the entire urea cycle. The pea aphid genome reveals that only a limited number of genes have been acquired from bacteria; thus the reduced gene count of Buchnera does not reflect gene transfer to the host genome. The inventory of metabolic genes in the pea aphid genome suggests that there is extensive metabolite exchange between the aphid and Buchnera, including sharing of amino acid biosynthesis between the aphid and Buchnera. The pea aphid genome provides a foundation for post-genomic studies of fundamental biological questions and applied agricultural problems.
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| 8. |
- Zickgraf, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Bridging and breaking silos : Transformational governance of the migration-sustainability nexus
- 2024
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - 0027-8424. ; 121:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainability and migration are typically treated as discrete policy spheres in international, national, and local fora, separated in governance structures and institutions. This results in policy incoherence that hinders just transitions toward more sustainable societies cognizant of mobile realities. This explorative effort identifies the (dis)connections between policy domains using data collected on how the sustainability-migration nexus is governed in four countries with a special emphasis on urban areas: Belgium, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United States. Results of 73 interviews show that migration and sustainability actors find it challenging to see how they could be working together and that migrants are rarely conceived of as sustainability actors and/or targeted populations of sustainability policy. Despite the cross-sectoral nature of sustainability, it appears that migration and sustainability are sequestered into silos that hinder collaborative actions. Lamenting the existence of silos is not enough to encourage new lines of thinking or practice in how sustainability is governed; therefore, we examine the evidence to ascertain current barriers blocking synergetic governance and the opportunities for change perceived by respondents via three critical elements of transformations toward sustainability: structural, systemic, and enabling conditions. We argue that for sustainability transitions to happen, a wider set of societal actors needs to be included from policy intention to action, but that this transformation may require more than policy integration via horizontal coordination. It demands reflexivity and pluralistic pathways that close vertical gaps between national and municipal levels and diminish structural inequalities as they intersect with migration type and status.
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