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- Chotai, Jayanti, et al.
(författare)
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The Temperament Scale of Novelty Seeking in adolescents shows an association with season of birth opposite to that in adults.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 111:1, s. 45-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the relationship between season of birth and the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory of Personality (Junior TCI, JTCI) in adolescents. The Temperament Scale of Novelty Seeking (NS) is significantly higher for females born during October-January as compared to females born otherwise. This association is opposite to that obtained earlier for adults. For both genders pooled, NS is significantly higher for those born during October-March compared to April-September. This association is also found when examining the data for those of age up to 18 years in a third independent study on the age range 11-81 years with the adult TCI. There is a greater tendency for exploration and risk-taking behavior as the child individuates from the family. Our study suggests that the effects of such environmental and developmental changes on personality are different in those born during October-March as compared to those born during April-September. The former show a higher rise in NS during adolescence and a steeper fall in NS during the years of adulthood, compared to the latter. Dopamine turnover is likely associated with NS, and the mutually inhibitory systems of dopamine and melatonin are the paracrine signals of day and night, respectively. Thus, the maternal entrainment of these systems during the prenatal period, or the postnatal environmental influence on these systems, may be different for those born during the short photoperiod of October-March as compared to those born during the long photoperiod part of the year.
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- Jakobson Mo, Susanna, et al.
(författare)
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Dopamine transporter imaging with [18F]FE-PE2I PET and [123I]FP-CIT SPECT – a clinical comparison
- 2018
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Ingår i: EJNMMI Research. - : Springer. - 2191-219X. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging may be of diagnostic value in patients with clinically suspected parkinsonian disease. The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of DAT imaging with positron emission computed tomography (PET), using the recently developed, highly DAT-selective radiopharmaceutical [18F]FE-PE2I (FE-PE2I), to the commercially available and frequently used method with [123I]FP-CIT (FP-CIT) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in early-stage idiopathic parkinsonian syndrome (PS).Methods: Twenty-two patients with a clinical de novo diagnosis of PS and 28 healthy controls (HC) participating in an on-going clinical trial of FE-PE2I were analyzed in this study. Within the trial protocol, participants are clinically reassessed 2 years after inclusion. A commercially available software was used for automatic calculation of FP-CIT-specific uptake ratio (SUR). MRI-based volumes of interest combined with threshold PET segmentation were used for FE-PE2I binding potential relative to non-displaceable binding (BPND) quantification and specific uptake value ratios (SUVR).Results: PET with FE-PE2I revealed significant differences between patients with a clinical de novo diagnosis of PS and healthy controls in striatal DAT availability (p < 0.001), with excellent accuracy of predicting dopaminergic deficit in early-stage PS. The effect sizes were calculated for FE-PE2I BPND (Glass’s Δ = 2.95), FE-PE2I SUVR (Glass’s Δ = 2.57), and FP-CIT SUR (Glass’s Δ = 2.29). The intraclass correlation (ICC) between FE-PE2I BPND FP-CIT SUR was high in the caudate (ICC = 0.923), putamen (ICC = 0.922), and striatum (ICC = 0.946), p < 0.001. Five of the 22 patients displayed preserved striatal DAT availability in the striatum with both methods. At follow-up, a non-PS clinical diagnosis was confirmed in three of these, while one was clinically diagnosed with corticobasal syndrome. In these patients, FE-PE2I binding was also normal in the substantia nigra (SN), while significantly reduced in the remaining patients. FE-PE2I measurement of the mean DAT availability in the putamen was strongly correlated with BPND in the SN (R = 0.816, p < 0.001). Olfaction and mean putamen DAT availability was correlated using both FE-PE2I BPND and FP-CIT SUR (R ≥ 0.616, p < 0.001).Conclusion: DAT imaging with FE-PE2I PET yields excellent basic diagnostic differentiation in early-stage PS, at least as good as FP-CIT SPECT.
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- Jerksjö, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Simultaneous measurements of gaseous emissions, particulates and noise from individual vehicles in traffic
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In order to identify vehicles and traffic situations that have a negative impact on the environment, it is important to be able to measure emissions from individual vehicles in traffic. In this study an attempt is made to measure gases, particles and noise emitted from single vehicles in normal traffic. An apparatus for Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test (FEAT), by which emissions of NO, CO, HC and CO2 are measured, was combined with particle instruments for both total and size-distribution measurements, as well as noise measurements. The sampling of particles was done utilising a tube system for sampling on the road together with a dilution system. The noise measurements were done with two microphones at different heights. The measurements show that it is feasible to study regulated emissions, particle emissions and noise emissions from individual vehicles in normal traffic. Noise data was collected from ca 200 individual vehicles during the measurement campaign and the emissions of some of the vehicles were evaluated. The measurements were manually supervised and the evaluations mainly made by hand. The experiences of this project are encouraging and show that it is possible to perform measurements of noise emissions from individual vehicles automatically. One way to achieve this would be by extending the FEAT system so that it also measures noise emission. Further it is important to perform sampling and evaluation automatically and to use computerized procedures for the evaluation. By using CO2 data together with the particle data, we were able to obtain PM emission factors for individual vehicles. We also showed that the particle size-distribution can be obtained from individual vehicles in traffic when using a fast instrument. This also, in principle, allows for the separation of particles emitted from the engine and particles from road and tyre wear.
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- Jonasson, Lars S., et al.
(författare)
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Dopamine release in nucleus accumbens during rewarded task switching measured by [C-11]raclopride
- 2014
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Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 99, s. 357-364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reward and motivation have positive influences on cognitive-control processes in numerous settings. Models of reward implicate corticostriatal loops and the dopamine (DA) system, with special emphasis on D-2 receptors in nucleus accumbens (NAcc). In this study, 11 right-handed males (35-40 years) were scanned with positron emission tomography (PET) in a single [C-11]raclopride dynamic scan during rewarded and non-rewarded task switching. Rewarded task switching (relative to baseline task switching) decreased [11C]raclopride binding in NAcc. Decreasing NAcc [C-11]raclopride binding was strongly associated with task reaction time measures that reflect individual differences in effort and control strategies. Voxelwise analyses additionally revealed reward-related DA release in anterodorsal caudate, a region previously associated with task-switching. These PET findings provide evidence for striatal DA release during motivated cognitive control, and further suggest that NAcc DA release predicts the task reaction time benefits of reward incentives.
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- Jonasson, Mats, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Method and system for handling conditions of a road on which a vehicle travels
- 2017
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Autonomous vehicles need to drive safely, also considering challenging use cases related to tire-to-road friction. This patent application describes how to detect treacherous road friction conditions and safe strategies for driving under said conditions.
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