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- Pettersson, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Resilience Training of Regional Medical Command and Control
- 2019
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Ingår i: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1049-023X .- 1945-1938. ; 34:1, s. 164-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction:Resilience is often described as a desirable holistic approach to disaster preparedness. However, the term has a wide variety of meanings and is hard to operationalize and implement in disaster management. A goal for the EU H2020 project DARWIN was to operationalize resilience for incident management teams.Aim:To test the resilience operationalization by analyzing command team behaviors in a major incident exercise and trace observations to resilience theory.Methods:A regional medical command and control team (n=11) was observed when performing in a functional simulation exercise of a mass casualty incident (300 injured, 1800 uninjured) following the collision of a cruise ship and an oil tanker close to the Swedish coast. Audio and video recordings of behaviors and communications were reviewed for resilient behaviors based on the DARWIN guidelines using the “resilience markers for small teams” framework (Furniss et al., 2011).Results:A total of 121 observed instances of resilient behaviors were found in the material. In 95 cases (79%) the observed behaviors followed a priori hypothesized connections between resilient strategies and general markers. Certain marker-strategy combinations occurred frequently, such as 18 observations where the strategy “understand crucial assumptions” occurred together with the marker “adapting to expected and unexpected events.”Discussion:Resilience has the potential to contribute to a more holistic disaster management approach. The findings that the observations, in general, correspond to the expected relationship between theoretical concretization and contextualization supports the DARWIN effort to operationalize resilience theory. This is a prerequisite for developing observational protocols for training and further studies of resilient behaviors in disaster management teams.
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| 2. |
- Andersson Granberg, Tobias, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Sensor Requirements for Logistics Analysis of Emergency Incident Sites
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 17th ISCRAM Conference. - : Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. - 9781949373271 ; , s. 952-960
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using sensors to collect data at emergency incident sites can facilitate analysis of the logistic operations. This can be used to improve planning and preparedness for new operations. Furthermore, real-time information from the sensors can serve as operational decision support. In this work in progress, we investigate the requirements on the sensors, and on the sensor data, to facilitate such an analysis. Through observations of exercises, the potential of using sensors for data collection is explored, and the requirements are considered. The results show that the potential benefits are significant, especially for tracking patients, and understanding the interaction between the response actors. However, the sensors need to be quite advanced in order to capture the necessary data.
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| 4. |
- Berggren, Peter, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of using the designated duty officers when assessing the medical response organization
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BackgroundAn important aspect of disaster medicine is to be proactive and respond quickly when disaster strikes. In Sweden, the role responsible for swift medical response on the regional level is the designated duty officer.MethodsA large exercise to assess national medical response ability was conducted. Seven medical regional staffs (a total of 93 individuals participated as tested participants) were involved in handling a large train accident scenario. The exercise was run for 5 hours, where the different regional staffs were located at their regular command posts. The exercise was organized using Emergo Train Systems.ResultsSeveral capabilities were identified during the exercise as important for the organization to maintain the ability to handle a similar event: documentation and operational picture, communication and terminology, command of resources, strategy for distribution of resources, national co-ordination, and exercise development.The designated duty officers were central to the exercise in several aspects: 1) in developing and verifying a realistic scenario and preparing background information, 2) as participants in the exercise, 3) assessors of the staffs’ behaviors, and 4) as domain experts when interpreting the exercise outcome.ConclusionsUsing subject matter experts is central to many research domains. However, the more complex a situation is the larger the demand of expertise is. The technical platform allows for coordinating complex exercises, whereas the subject matter expert in terms of the designated duty officer is required to guarantee validity and reliability in these large-scale exercises.Key messages:Running complex scenarios to train and test abilities requires subject matter experts in both planning, preparation, implementation, and assessment.Sophisticated simulator and training platforms, such as Emergo Train Systems, facilitates while the designated duty officers are necessary to guarantee validity and reliability in the exercise.
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| 5. |
- Björnqvist, Anton, 1995-, et al.
(författare)
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An Analysis of a Swedish Medical Command and Control System’s Situation Reports from the COVID-19 Pandemic
- 2022
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Ingår i: ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. - 9788284270999 ; , s. 334-348
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an analysis of situation reports used and created by a crisis management team within the Swedish healthcare sector during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis was conducted through a deductive content analysis, where categories were identified based on the concepts of common operational pictures, sensemaking, and situation awareness. In the analysis, support for all identified categories was found. Based on the analysis and the concepts, future recommendations regarding what type of information that ought to be included in situation reports were created. These recommendations include, amongst others, the categories of consequences, how it is perceived by the public, objectives, status and implications of information, future scenarios, actions, resources, and work procedures.
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| 6. |
- Björnstig, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Tågolyckan på Once station, Buenos Aires 2012
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Händelsen: Tågolyckan inträffade på morgonen den 22 februari 2012 när ett lokaltåg okontrollerat körde in i stoppanordningen i slutet av perrongen på Once station, i centrala Buenos Aires. Hastigheten var mellan 20 och 27 km i timmen, men stoppet var så kraftigt att vagn nummer två trängde sex meter in i vagn nummer ett. Sammanlagt skadades cirka 850 personer varav 51 avled, de flesta omkom i samband med att de två första vagnarna klämdes ihop. Bidragande faktorer till att så många skadades var, ett överfullt tåg av äldre modell, som var dåligt underhållet, och kördes av en organisation med låg säkerhetsmedvetenhet. Händelsen visar att en masskadesituation kan uppstå även vid låga hastigheter. Räddningsinsatsen var omfattande: ett hundratal ambulanser, tre helikoptrar och mer än 500 räddningsarbetare engagerades för att omhänderta skadade och fördela dem mellan huvudstadens 13 akutsjukhus. Beredskapen i Buenos Aires var god vid denna händelse, tack vare genomförda risk- och sårbarhetsanalyser, övningar och utbildningsinsatser. Den argentinska akutmedicinska responsorganisationen och sjukhusen arbetade i stor utsträckning enligt samma katastrofmedicinska principer som i Sverige. Händelsen kunde därför analyseras utifrån ett svenskt perspektiv.Erfarenheter: Sverige har varit relativt förskonat från tågolyckor med många svårt skadade. Däremot har tillbuden ökat kraftigt och järnvägssystemet är idag slitet och överbelastat. Det finns därför anledning att studera inträffade tågolyckor i världen för att dra lärdom av internationella erfarenheter av olika skadebegränsande faktorer som kan vara av betydelse för svensk katastrofmedicinsk beredskap. Det går att dra flera lärdomar ifrån tågolyckan på Once-stationen.Nedan redovisas ett antal sammanfattande slutsatser från händelsen med relevans för den svenska beredskapen:• Det finns en risk att händelser med många svårt skadade kan inträffa även vid låga hastigheter.• Tågens konstruktion, utformningen av koppel och deformationszoner, samt materielens förslitningsgrad är av stor betydelse för säkerheten.• Risken att passagerare, bagage och lösa föremål kastas runt i tågvagnen vid en häftig inbromsning är påtaglig.• Buffertstopp som är konstruerade så att de ger upphov till ett abrupt stopp, utgör en riskfaktor för allvarliga deformationsförlopp och skador, även vid låga hastigheter. TÅGOLYCKAN PÅ ONCE STATION, BUENOS AIRES 2012 SOCIALSTYRELSEN 9• Brister i företags och myndigheters kvalitetssäkring av sin verksamhet bidrar till att risken för händelser som tågolyckan på Once-stationen inträffar.• Varningar om tekniska fel som inte tas på allvar i organisationens säkerhetsarbete utgör en riskfaktor.• Bristande träning bland räddningspersonal i de räddningstekniska svårigheter som kan uppstå vid en tågolycka, till exempel att ta loss fastklämda, kan bidra till att hantering av drabbade fördröjs.• Förmågan att bedöma situationen och prioritera bland de drabbade i samråd med medicinskt ansvarig kan sannolikt vara av stor betydelse för att minska insatstiden till de svårast klämda och skadade.• Samtliga sjukhus bör ha en i förväg fastställd förmåga att ta emot patienter vid förstärknings- respektive katastrofläge, så att särskild sjukvårdsledning på regional nivå har möjlighet att snabbt fördela ett stort antal skadade.• En väl fungerande plan för krisstöd och samlad anhörigupplysning underlättar för den somatiska vården. Brister i en sådan plan får stora konsekvenser för allmänhetens förtroende.• För att hantera en lika stor tågolycka i Sverige kan flera regioner behöva engageras, vilket ställer stora krav på ledningsförmågan i den drabbade regionen. Dessutom behövs en effektiv samverkan mellan lokal, regional och nationell nivå. Det är därför nödvändigt med en gemensam nationell ledningsmodell vid särskild händelse, gemensamma kris- och katastrofmedicinska utbildningar och regelbundna övningar.
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| 9. |
- Brodin, Wilhelm, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Presence of Blood on Medical Laypeople’s Ability to Perform First Aid for Massive Bleeding
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. ; , s. 251-255
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are currently several educational initiatives to teach first aid courses for medical laypeople, such as the Stop the Bleed campaign. Although much research on educational initiatives has been conducted, there are still factors that remain unexplored, such as the potential effects of blood itself on laypeople’s first aid performance and educational experience. This study investigates such potential effects for performance of the first aid techniques tourniquet application and wound packing, in relation to individual differences in disgust sensitivity and medical fear of blood. The results show that the presence of blood will increase the time a medical layperson takes to apply a tourniquet and pack a wound but does not affect the quality of the aid. Additionally, the disgust sensitivity of the medical layperson was found to predict an increase in application time for the wound packing task, but not the tourniquet application task, when blood was present.
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| 10. |
- Cedrini, V, et al.
(författare)
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Improving resilience management for critical infrastructures : strategies and practices across air traffic management and healthcare
- 2018
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Ingår i: Safety and Reliability – Safe Societies in a Changing World. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 9780815386827 - 9781351174664 ; , s. 1319-1327
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent natural and man-made disasters highlight that a more resilient approach to preparing for and dealing with such events is needed. To address this challenge, the main objective of the research and innovation H2020 project DARWIN is the development of European resilience management guidelines for Critical Infrastructures (CI). Based on a systematic literature survey with a world-wide scope and prioritization of resilience concepts, the guidelines have been developed taking into account everyday operations, contingency plans, training, etc. This paper describes insights gained from the adaptation of these guidelines in the domains of Air Traffic Management (ATM) and Healthcare (HC). A collaborative and iterative process has been defined involving relevant experts and practitioners. To ensure transnational, cross-sector applicability and uptake, a Community of Crisis and Resilience Practitioners (DARWIN DCoP) has been involved. The preliminary results indicate that a big step has been taken in moving from the resilience theory to practice
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