| 1. |
- Jonsson, Anna C., 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Barriers to and drivers of the adpotion of energy crops by Swedish farmers: An empirical approach
- 2011
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Ingår i: <em>World Renewable Energy Congress 2011</em>. - : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9789173930703 ; , s. 2509-2516
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the Swedish government and the EU intend to encourage farmers to expand energy crop production, knowledge of the factors motivating adoption decisions is vital to policy success. Earlier studies have demonstrated that important barriers to farmer adoption of energy crops include converting from annual to perennial crops and from traditional crops or production systems to new ones. Economic motivations for changing production systems are strong, but factors such as values (e.g., aesthetics), knowledge (e.g., habits and knowledge of production methods), and legal conditions (e.g., cultivation licenses) are crucial for the change to energy crops. This paper helps fill gaps in the literature regarding why farmers decide to keep or change a production system. Based on a series of focus group interviews with Swedish farmers, the paper explores how farmers frame crop change decisions and what factors they consider most important. The main drivers of and barriers to growing energy crops, according to interviewees, are grouped and discussed in relation to four broad groups of motivational factors identified in the literature, i.e., values, legal conditions, knowledge, and economic factors. The paper ends by discussing whether some barriers could be overcome by policy changes at the national and European levels.
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| 2. |
- Jonsson, Anna C., 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Opening up the Water Poverty Index : co-producing knowledge on the capacity for community water management using the Water Prosperity Index
- 2014
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Ingår i: Society & Natural Resources. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0894-1920 .- 1521-0723. ; 27:3, s. 265-280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Water Poverty Index is a tool enabling a multisectoral description of the watersituation in an area or region. Many aspects of a society’s capacity to manage water,however, require qualitative and explorative approaches. Additionally, the perceptionsof ‘‘the water poor’’ themselves may differ substantially from expert valuationsbuilt into the Water Poverty Index. The aim of this article is to open up the WaterPoverty Index with a special focus on the capacity to manage water in a robust way.This is done through a process of participatory research and by transforming theWater Poverty Index into a Water Prosperity Index using a local community incentral India as example. By opening up the assessment process, issues empiricallyidentified by community members, researchers, and local nongovernmental organization(NGO) staff can be discussed and qualitatively assessed, resulting in animproved knowledge of the water situation and an approach for participatoryplanning.
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| 3. |
- Jonsson, Anna C., 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Stratified Climate Vulnerability Analysis for HEat Waves in a Swedish City : Who is vulnerable and why?
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Climate change is causing an increasing number of extreme climate events, such as floods, landslides and heat waves. Although all will be affected, exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity vary among different population segments and the effects will be disproportionally distributed in a society. The aim of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of how factors related to the exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity shape the vulnerability of different populations segments. It qualitatively explores how key stakeholders in municipalities perceive and construct social vulnerability in relation to climate change with a specific focus on thermal comfort (i.e. heat waves). Earlier literature on natural hazard vulnerability and social vulnerability has identified a number of factors that explains variance between different populations segments and differences in morbidity. We seek to understand how the planning and operational staff in municipalities, and the vulnerable themselves, understand social vulnerability and which adaptation responses at different levels they identify. Thus, the top-down approach from earlier literature is triangulated with a bottom-up approach.
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| 4. |
- Jonsson, Anna C., 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Verktygslåda för klimatanpassningsprocesser : Från sårbarhetsbedömning till sårbarhetshantering
- 2011
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- För att möta utmaningarna med ett förändrat klimat är minskade utsläpp av växthusgaser och anpassning till klimatförändringens ofrånkomliga effekter olika sidor av samma mynt. Det är av största vikt att samhället gör sitt yttersta för att förhindra ytterligare uppvärmning av jordens atmosfär. Det är också nödvändigt att se de förändringar som redan inträffat och sannolikt kommer att inträffa innan de samlade åtgärderna för utsläppsminskning får full effekt. Klimatanpassning är därför ett nyckelperspektiv som motiveras av faktiska förändringar i vår omvärld och av krav på bl.a. kommuner att ta hänsyn till klimatförändringar. Kunskap om klimatförändringarnas effekter och hur dessa kan hanteras är definitivt inte bara viktigt för kommunala förvaltningar, utan också för andra myndigheter, olika samhällssektorer och branschorganisationer, privata organisationer och företag, samt för privatpersoner.Som stöd i detta arbete finns mängder av resurser i form av kvantitativa dataunderlag som t.ex. klimatmodelleringar, karteringar, GIS-verktyg, sofistikerade beräkningsverktyg och avancerade konsekvensmodeller. Även lagkrav som t.ex. Plan- och bygglagen (PBL) och olika aktörers erfarenheter av händelser som krävt akuta och mera långsiktiga åtgärder, t.ex. översvämningar, utgör också en form av stöd. Däremot saknas ett strukturerat angreppssätt för hur man kan organisera en klimatanpassningsprocess som integrerar olika typer av kunskap och perspektiv och har förmåga att sortera i informationsmängderna och prioritera de viktigaste frågorna. Denna handbok syftar till att fylla detta tomrum genom att tillgängliggöra resultat från de senaste årens forskning kring integrerade sårbarhetsbedömningar och anpassningsprocesser.Vår ambition är att detta ska vara en självinstruerande, användarvänlig och relativt enkel handbok för, i första hand, kommuner men även andra organisationer som ser ett behov av ett strukturerat angreppssätt för att möta klimatförändringarna. Verktygslådans grundidé är att en grupp representanter från olika förvaltningar och ansvarsområden träffas i en serie möten (förslagsvis fyra möten à ca. tre timmar) för att med hjälp av verktygen diskutera och sammanställa den kunskap som finns utspridd inom kommuner och identifiera områden där det behövs mera information.Vi anser att det är mycket viktigt att anpassningsarbetet är förankrat bland flera typer av relevanta aktörer som kan bidra med olika perspektiv och erfarenheter. Detta är nödvändigt för att förstå den mångfald av faktorer och komplexitet som bidrar till att sårbara situationer kan uppstå. Ett holistiskt synsätt är också en förutsättning för att identifiera åtgärder som bör prioriteras för att hållbara anpassningsstrategier ska kunna implementeras.Fokus i verktygslådan ligger därför på att skapa en arbetsprocess som systematiskt identifierar viktiga faktorer, tillgängliga handlingsalternativ och möjliga ansvariga aktörer. Detta lägger i sin tur grunden för en övergripande anpassningsstrategi med goda chanser för genomförande av nödvändiga åtgärder. Processen bör således omfatta en arbetsgrupp med representanter för både ”hårda” och ”mjuka” förvaltningar som träffas regelbundet under en begränsad tidsperiod och utifrån sina skilda perspektiv sammanställer en bild av kommunens sårbarhet. Tillsammans skapar processledaren och deltagarna ett fruktbart samtal med hela kommunens bästa i fokus, på kort och lång sikt.
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| 5. |
- Lundgren, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of social vulnerability : a literature review of vulnerability related to climate change and natural hazards
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Climate change will cause long term effects on ecosystems and human systems. Different systems are however not equally susceptible to and have different possibilities of coping with these effects. A system’s vulnerability refers to the degree to which the system can cope with changes and whether it is susceptible to it or not (Parry 2007). Vulnerability therefore depends on the exposure to climate change (the character, magnitude or rate of change or effect), the sensitivity and the adaptive capacity of the system. Still, all components and people in the system will not be affected equally and will have different vulnerabilities.This is a literature review of scientific studies in social vulnerability aiming at finding groups of people in a society who are vulnerable to the effects of climate change (such as heat waves, flooding and landslides/erosion). Much of the focus when it comes to social vulnerability studies have been in regards to natural hazards, and since the effect from climate change can be similar, this literature review has included vulnerability assessments both of natural hazards risks and climate related risks or crisis. This is a summary of the findings where socio-economic vulnerability is presented together with common approaches for assessing vulnerability.A total of ten scientific articles were chosen as a basis for this summery, both from the natural hazards field and the field of climate change research. The articles were chosen to show a broad range of approaches to study and view social vulnerability, be suitable and useful for a Swedish setting and also to be relevant in relation to the goals of the project in which the study was made. One article (Füssel 2007) serves to give a general orientation in the field and a meta-analytical perspective, while the other texts provide examples of recent frameworks developed for assessing vulnerability (Cutter et al. 2003, Cutter et al. 2008, Wilhelmi and Hayden 2010, Holand et al. 2011, Reid et al. 2009), whereas some texts discuss the use of social indicators (King and MacGregor 2000), seek to contextualize social vulnerability (Kuhlicke et al. 2011) or review recent finding on certain climate related risks (Oudin Åström et al. 2011, Rocklöv et al. 2011). In addition to the scientific literature in the field, Swedish tools designed by the research programme CLIMATOOLS for the specific purpose of assessing vulnerability have been included.The literature review was made as a background study for designing focus group interviews with vulnerable population segments, as part of the project Adapting cities to climate induced risks – a coordinated approach, which is a trans-disciplinary project aiming at developing methodology and knowledge on how to manage climate induced risk and increase resilience towards climate change in Swedish cities. This literature review is part of the work package aiming at developing a tool for assessing and finding vulnerable groups of people in Swedish cities or municipalities.
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| 6. |
- Sefbom, Josefin, et al.
(författare)
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A planktonic diatom displays genetic structure over small spatial scales
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental Microbiology. - : Wiley. - 1462-2912 .- 1462-2920. ; 20:8, s. 2783-2795
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marine planktonic microalgae have potentially global dispersal, yet reduced gene flow has been confirmed repeatedly for several species. Over larger distances (>200 km) geographic isolation and restricted oceanographic connectivity have been recognized as instrumental in driving population divergence. Here we investigated whether similar patterns, that is, structured populations governed by geographic isolation and/or oceanographic connectivity, can be observed at smaller (6-152 km) geographic scales. To test this we established 425 clonal cultures of the planktonic diatom Skeletonema marinoi collected from 11 locations in the Archipelago Sea (northern Baltic Sea). The region is characterized by a complex topography, entailing several mixing regions of which four were included in the sampling area. Using eight microsatellite markers and conventional F-statistics, significant genetic differentiation was observed between several sites. Moreover, Bayesian cluster analysis revealed the co-occurrence of two genetic groups spread throughout the area. However, geographic isolation and oceanographic connectivity could not explain the genetic patterns observed. Our data reveal hierarchical genetic structuring whereby despite high dispersal potential, significantly diverged populations have developed over small spatial scales. Our results suggest that biological characteristics and historical events may be more important in generating barriers to gene flow than physical barriers at small spatial scales.
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| 7. |
- Sjoqvist, C., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Grazer Presence on Genetic Structure of a Phenotypically Diverse Diatom Population
- 2014
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Ingår i: Microbial Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0095-3628 .- 1432-184X. ; 67:1, s. 83-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies of predator-prey systems in both aquatic and terrestrial environments have shown that grazers structure the intraspecific diversity of prey species, given that the prey populations are phenotypically variable. Populations of phytoplankton have traditionally considered comprising only low intraspecific variation, hence selective grazing as a potentially structuring factor of both genetic and phenotypic diversity has not been comprehensively studied. In this study, we compared strain specific growth rates, production of polyunsaturated aldehydes, and chain length of the marine diatom Skeletonema marinoi in both grazer and non-grazer conditions by conducting monoclonal experiments. Additionally, a mesocosm experiment was performed with multiclonal experimental S. marinoi populations exposed to grazers at different levels of copepod concentration to test effects of grazer presence on diatom diversity in close to natural conditions. Our results show that distinct genotypes of a geographically restricted population exhibit variable phenotypic traits relevant to grazing interactions such as chain length and growth rates. Grazer presence affected clonal richness and evenness of multiclonal Skeletonema populations in the mesocosms, likely in conjunction with intrinsic interactions among the diatom strains. Only the production of polyunsaturated aldehydes was not affected by grazer presence. Our findings suggest that grazing can be an important factor structuring diatom population diversity in the sea and emphasize the importance of considering clonal differences when characterizing species and their role in nature.
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| 8. |
- Sjoqvist, C., et al.
(författare)
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Local adaptation and oceanographic connectivity patterns explain genetic differentiation of a marine diatom across the North Sea-Baltic Sea salinity gradient
- 2015
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X. ; 24:11, s. 2871-2885
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drivers of population genetic structure are still poorly understood in marine micro-organisms. We exploited the North Sea-Baltic Sea transition for investigating the seascape genetics of a marine diatom, Skeletonema marinoi. Eight polymorphic microsatellite loci were analysed in 354 individuals from ten locations to analyse population structure of the species along a 1500-km-long salinity gradient ranging from 3 to 30psu. To test for salinity adaptation, salinity reaction norms were determined for sets of strains originating from three different salinity regimes of the gradient. Modelled oceanographic connectivity was compared to directional relative migration by correlation analyses to examine oceanographic drivers. Population genetic analyses showed distinct genetic divergence of a low-salinity Baltic Sea population and a high-salinity North Sea population, coinciding with the most evident physical dispersal barrier in the area, the Danish Straits. Baltic Sea populations displayed reduced genetic diversity compared to North Sea populations. Growth optima of low salinity isolates were significantly lower than those of strains from higher native salinities, indicating local salinity adaptation. Although the North Sea-Baltic Sea transition was identified as a barrier to gene flow, migration between Baltic Sea and North Sea populations occurred. However, the presence of differentiated neutral markers on each side of the transition zone suggests that migrants are maladapted. It is concluded that local salinity adaptation, supported by oceanographic connectivity patterns creating an asymmetric migration pattern between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, determines genetic differentiation patterns in the transition zone.
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