| 1. |
- Stymne, Anna-Carin, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Att bli lärare i SO
- 2020
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Boken handlar om vad en SO-lärare behöver kunna, och ger den blivande läraren en gedigen kunskapsbas för att utveckla just de didaktiska förmågor som krävs för att skapa en kvalitativ undervisning i vart och ett av de fyra SO-ämnena. Boken är baserad på bred forskning om undervisning och inlärning i allmänhet och på forskning riktad mot SO-ämnena mer specifikt. En bärande tanke med boken är att blivande lärare ska få redskap att omvandla forskning och teori till praktisk undervisning i klassrummet. I boken beskrivs de goda möjligheter som finns till samverkan mellan ämnena men också vikten av att eleverna får en god ämnesuppfattning med kännedom om varje skolämnes specifika karaktär, innehåll, centrala begrepp, och metoder som hör hemma i respektive ämnesområde. Vidare beskrivs vilka kunskaper och insikter ämnesområdet bidrar med i förståelsen av omvärlden.
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| 2. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Child witnesses meta-memory realism
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 47, s. 461-470
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Child witnesses’ metamemory realism
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 47, s. 461-470
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the degree of realism in the confidence judgments of 11-12 year old children (N=81) of their answers to questions relating to a short film clip showing a kidnapping event. Four different confidence scales were used: a numeric scale, a picture scale, a line scale, and a written scale. The results demonstrated that the children showed a high level of overconfidence in their memories. However, no significant differences between the four confidence scales were found. The results indicate that, at least in the context investigated, 11-12 year-old children’s confidence in their event memory show poor realism. A comparison with previous research on adults indicates that children show noticeably poorer realism.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Does mood influence the realism of confidence judgments?
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 1467-9450 .- 0036-5564. ; 43:3, s. 253-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we investigated how mood influences the degree of realism in participants’ confidence judgments (based on an episodic memory task). Using music and film in combination, we successfully induced half of the participants into an elated mood, but failed to induce a sad mood in the other half. Contrary to our prediction, our data indicated that there was no difference in the realism of the confidence between the conditions. When relating this result to previous research our conclusion is that there is no, or very little, influence of mood of moderate intensity on the realism of confidence judgments.
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| 6. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Om betydelsen av elevers metakognitiva förmåga
- 2001
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This text describes the characteristics of a number of different types of metacognitive judgments relevant for schoolchildren’s studies. It is argued that metacognitive judgments play an important role in children’s learning at school. Moreover, it is also argued many of the modern types of educational approaches, such as the so called ”problem based learning” approach do not have a clear strategy when it comes to the role and training of meta-cognition in the school context.
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| 7. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of source and type of feedback on child witnesses' metamemory accuracy
- 2005
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Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0888-4080 .- 1099-0720. ; 19:3, s. 331-344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the effect of feedback on the accuracy (realism) of 12-year-old children's metacognitive judgments of their answers to questions about a film clip. Two types of judgments were investigated: confidence judgments (on each question) and frequency judgments (i.e. estimates of overall accuracy). The source of feedback, whether it was presented as provided by a teacher or a peer child, did not influence metacognitive accuracy. Four types of feedback were given depending on whether the participant's answer was correct and depending on whether the feedback confirmed or disconfirmed the child's answer. The children showed large overconfidence when they received confirmatory feedback but much less so when they received disconfirmatory feedback. The children gave frequency judgments implying that they had more correct answers than they actually had. No main gender differences were found for any of the measures. The results indicate a high degree of malleability in children's metacognitive judgments.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Beach, Dennis, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting the use of praise among pre-service teachers : The influence of implicit theories of intelligence, social comparison and stereotype acceptance
- 2012
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Ingår i: Education Inquiry. - : Umeå University. - 2000-4508. ; 3:2, s. 259-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This investigation concerns feedback praise (person and process praise) and how it relates to implicit theories of intelligence (entity and incremental theories) among pre-service teachers. In the first study 176 pre-service teachers participated, while in the second study 151 of such teachers participated. Two new measures, one of feedback praise and the other of social comparison, were found to be reliable and valid. In the first study, process praise was predicted by the variable incremental theories of intelligence and person praise was predicted by the acceptance of stereotypes. However, these results suffered in the reliability analyses and, even if the models are significant, they should be rejected. The results of the second study are more reliable, with regression analyses showing that person praise can be predicted from the two predictor variables of entity theories of intelligence, and social comparison. Some positive effects of teacher education were found in the second part; for example, the preference for person praise was significantly lower in the last semester than in the first.
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| 10. |
- Bergendahl, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
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Lateral episiotomy or no episiotomy in vacuum assisted delivery in nulliparous women (EVA) : multicentre, open label, randomised controlled trial
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMJ. British Medical Journal. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0959-8146 .- 0959-535X. ; 385, s. e079014-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To assess the effect of lateral episiotomy, compared with no episiotomy, on obstetric anal sphincter injury in nulliparous women requiring vacuum extraction. Design: A multicentre, open label, randomised controlled trial.Setting: Eight hospitals in Sweden, 2017-23.Participants: 717 nulliparous women with a single live fetus of 34 gestational weeks or more, requiring vacuum extraction were randomly assigned (1:1) to lateral episiotomy or no episiotomy using sealed opaque envelopes. Randomisation was stratified by study site.Intervention: A standardised lateral episiotomy was performed during the vacuum extraction, at crowning of the fetal head, starting 1-3 cm from the posterior fourchette, at a 60° (45-80°) angle from the midline, and 4 cm (3-5 cm) long. The comparison was no episiotomy unless considered indispensable.Main outcome measures: The primary outcome of the episiotomy in vacuum assisted delivery (EVA) trial was obstetric anal sphincter injury, clinically diagnosed by combined visual inspection and digital rectal and vaginal examination. The primary analysis used a modified intention-to-treat population that included all consenting women with attempted or successful vacuum extraction. As a result of an interim analysis at significance level P<0.01, the primary endpoint was tested at 4% significance level with accompanying 96% confidence interval (CI).Results: From 1 July 2017 to 15 February 2023, 717 women were randomly assigned: 354 (49%) to lateral episiotomy and 363 (51%) to no episiotomy. Before vacuum extraction attempt, one woman withdrew consent and 14 had a spontaneous birth, leaving 702 for the primary analysis. In the intervention group, 21 (6%) of 344 women sustained obstetric anal sphincter injury, compared with 47 (13%) of 358 women in the comparison group (P=0.002). The risk difference was -7.0% (96% CI -11.7% to -2.5%). The risk ratio adjusted for site was 0.47 (96% CI 0.23 to 0.97) and unadjusted risk ratio was 0.46 (0.28 to 0.78). No significant differences were noted between groups in postpartum pain, blood loss, neonatal outcomes, or total adverse events, but the intervention group had more wound infections and dehiscence.Conclusions: Lateral episiotomy can be recommended for nulliparous women requiring vacuum extraction to significantly reduce the risk of obstetric anal sphincter injury. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02643108.
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