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- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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- Bengtsson, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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Ulriksdals slott under 350 år
- 1995
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Studierna har utgått från Ulriksdals slott, uppfört av Jacob De la Gardie för 350 år sedan. Som kungligt slott har Ulriksdal genomgått ombyggnader under 1600 - och 1700-talet, men präglas idag mest av Karl XVs omfattande omdaning på 1850-talet och Gustav VI Adolfs lika genomgripande förändringar på 1920-talet.Slottet har bjudit på rika studiemöjligheter av stilideal, planlösning, interiörgestaltning, snickerikultur och stormtekniska system från hela 350-årsperioden. Genom noggranna uppmätningar och inventeringar på plats kopplade till arkivstudier har slottets komplicerade förändringshistoria kunnat analyseras,
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- Berglund, Ellinor, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Smartphone Dispatch of Volunteer Responders on Automated External Defibrillators and Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests : The SAMBA Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2023
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Ingår i: JAMA cardiology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2380-6583 .- 2380-6591. ; 8:1, s. 81-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance Smartphone dispatch of volunteer responders to nearby out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) has emerged in several emergency medical services, but no randomized clinical trials have evaluated the effect on bystander use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs).Objective To evaluate if bystander AED use could be increased by smartphone-aided dispatch of lay volunteer responders with instructions to collect nearby AEDs compared with instructions to go directly to patients with OHCAs to start cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Design, Setting, and Participants This randomized clinical trial assessed a system for smartphone dispatch of volunteer responders to individuals experiencing OHCAs that was triggered at emergency dispatch centers in response to suspected OHCAs and randomized 1:1. The study was conducted in 2 main Swedish regions: Stockholm and Västra Götaland between December 2018 and January 2020. At study start, there were 3123 AEDs in Stockholm and 3195 in Västra Götaland and 24 493 volunteer responders in Stockholm and 19 117 in Västra Götaland. All OHCAs in which the volunteer responder system was activated by dispatchers were included. Excluded were patients with no OHCAs, those with OHCAs not treated by the emergency medical services, and those with OHCAs witnessed by the emergency medical services.Interventions Volunteer responders were alerted through the volunteer responder system smartphone application and received map-aided instructions to retrieve nearest available public AEDs on their way to the OHCAs. The control arm included volunteer responders who were instructed to go directly to the OHCAs to perform CPR.Main Outcomes and Measures Overall bystander AED attachment, including those attached by volunteer responders and lay volunteers who did not use the smartphone application.Results Volunteer responders were activated for 947 patients with OHCAs. Of those, 461 were randomized to the intervention group (median [IQR] age of patients, 73 [61-81] years; 295 male patients [65.3%]) and 486 were randomized to the control group (median [IQR] age of patients, 73 [63-82] years; 312 male patients [65.3%]). Primary outcome of AED attachment occurred in 61 patients (13.2%) in the intervention arm vs 46 patients (9.5%) in the control arm (difference, 3.8% [95% CI, −0.3% to 7.9%]; P = .08). The majority of AEDs were attached by lay volunteers who were not using the smartphone application (37 in intervention arm, 28 in control). There were no significant differences in secondary outcomes. Among the volunteer responders using the application, crossover was 11% and compliance to instructions was 31%. Volunteer responders attached 38% (41 of 107) of all AEDs and provided 45% (16 of 36) of all defibrillations and 43% (293 of 666) of all CPR.Conclusions and Relevance In this study, smartphone dispatch of volunteer responders to OHCAs to retrieve nearby AEDs vs instructions to directly perform CPR did not significantly increase volunteer AED use. High baseline AED attachement rate and crossover may explain why the difference was not significant.Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02992873
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- Beskow, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Speech technology in the European project MonAMI
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of FONETIK 2008. - Gothenburg, Sweden : University of Gothenburg. - 9789197719605 ; , s. 33-36
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper describes the role of speech and speech technology in the European project MonAMI, which aims at “mainstreaming ac-cessibility in consumer goods and services, us-ing advanced technologies to ensure equal ac-cess, independent living and participation for all”. It presents the Reminder, a prototype em-bodied conversational agent (ECA) which helps users to plan activities and to remember what to do. The prototype merges speech technology with other, existing technologies: Google Cal-endar and a digital pen and paper. The solution allows users to continue using a paper calendar in the manner they are used to, whilst the ECA provides notifications on what has been written in the calendar. Users may also ask questions such as “When was I supposed to meet Sara?” or “What’s on my schedule today?”
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- Claesson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation and education Outline and validation of a new dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation educational bundle using the Delphi method
- 2024
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Ingår i: Resuscitation Plus. - : ELSEVIER. - 2666-5204. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DA-CPR) is time-dependent. To date, evidence-based training programmes for dispatchers are lacking. This study aimed to reach expert consensus on an educational bundle content for dispatchers to provide DA-CPR using the Delphi Method: An educational bundle was created by the Swedish Resuscitation Council consisting of three parts: e-learning on DA-CPR, basic life support training and audit of emergency out-of-hospital cardiac arrest calls. Thereafter, a two-round modified Delphi study was conducted between November 2022 and March 2023; 37 experts with broad clinical and/or scientific knowledge of DA-CPR were invited. In the first round, the experts participated in the e-learning module and answered a questionnaire with 13 closed and open questions, whereafter the e-learning part of the bundle was revised. In the second round, the revised e-learning part was evaluated using Likert scores (20 items). The predefined consensus level was set Results: Delphi rounds one and two were assessed by 20 and 18 of the invited experts, respectively. In round one, 18 experts (18 of 20, 90%) stated that they did not miss any content in the programme. In round two, the scale-level content validity index based on the average method (S-CVI/AVE, 0.99) and scale-level content validity index based on universal agreement (S-CVI/UA, 0.85) exceeded the threshold level of 80%. Conclusion: Expert consensus on the educational bundle content was reached using the Delphi method. Further work is required to evaluate its effect in real-world out-of-hospital cardiac arrest calls.
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| 8. |
- Crowson, Cynthia S., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of risk factors associated with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 77:1, s. 48-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an excess risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to assess the impact of CVD risk factors, including potential sex differences, and RA-specific variables on CVD outcome in a large, international cohort of patients with RA. Methods: In 13 rheumatology centres, data on CVD risk factors and RA characteristics were collected at baseline. CVD outcomes (myocardial infarction, angina, revascularisation, stroke, peripheral vascular disease and CVD death) were collected using standardised definitions. Results: 5638 patients with RA and no prior CVD were included (mean age: 55.3 (SD: 14.0) years, 76% women). During mean follow-up of 5.8 (SD: 4.4) years, 148 men and 241 women developed a CVD event (10-year cumulative incidence 20.9% and 11.1%, respectively). Men had a higher burden of CVD risk factors, including increased blood pressure, higher total cholesterol and smoking prevalence than women (all p<0.001). Among the traditional CVD risk factors, smoking and hypertension had the highest population attributable risk (PAR) overall and among both sexes, followed by total cholesterol. The PAR for Disease Activity Score and for seropositivity were comparable in magnitude to the PAR for lipids. A total of 70% of CVD events were attributable to all CVD risk factors and RA characteristics combined (separately 49% CVD risk factors and 30% RA characteristics). Conclusions: In a large, international cohort of patients with RA, 30% of CVD events were attributable to RA characteristics. This finding indicates that RA characteristics play an important role in efforts to reduce CVD risk among patients with RA.
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| 9. |
- Dahl, John, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Automotive Safety: a Neural Network Approach for Lane Departure Detection using Real World Driving Data
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Proceedings, ITSC.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lane departures, where the vehicle leaves the lane due to driver inattention, drowsiness, or incorrect situation assessment, are one of the most serious accident and fatality prone scenarios. To further improve traffic safety, we are asking the question: How much can a neural network approach improve the reliability of lane departure predictions compared to traditional model-based methods? Our results show a relative improvement in reliability of 7% in terms of true positive rate and 22% reduction of the false positive rate with respect to a constant velocity model method. The key contributions of this work are the introduction of sparse sampling in the input data, a thorough comparison with a baseline solution, and the evaluation on real world driving data.
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| 10. |
- Dupaul, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Fiberbanks as substrate and feedstock for biological remediation : A practical analytical method development for organic pollutants analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Book of Abstracts. - : ABA Publishing. - 9789189081031
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fiberbanksfrom the pulp and paper industry are typically contaminated with a wide range ofchlorinated aromatic and aliphatic toxins such as HCB and other chlorinated benzenes, PCB,HCH, DDT, PCDD, PCDF and Chlorophenols. This poses a formidable challenge for theanalyst to develop appropriate analytical methodology for the monitoring of the progress ofremediation.In preparation to this undertaking, an examination of a practical analytical method using oneextraction method, one clean-up and one analysis method for the aforementioned targetcompounds found in the fibrous sediment. This method was performed using acceleratedsolvent extraction (ASE), a modified silica gel column and GC-FID/ECD. Additionally,an assessment of the levels of organic pollutants was conducted,with the purposeofmeasuringthe potential alteration in contaminantswhenfreeze-drying, air-drying andautoclavingpretreatments are applied to the sediment samples, prior to be used as a media forbiological remediation.The results showed that the ASE is a very fast and reliable method of extraction, with yieldscomparableorhigher than the reference Soxhlet extraction method. Theactivatedsilica gelcolumn demonstrated adequate purification of the sediment extract for analysisusingthe twodetectors, FID and ECD, whichwere able to identify the target analytes fromonlyone purifiedextract. The method employed in this study has the potentialto reduceboth processing timeand materialusedfor analytical sample preparation. Lastly, some modifications inconcentrations anddistribution of target analyteswere revealedin thesediments pre-treated byautoclave and air-driedwhencompared withthefreeze-dried sediments, which can helpunderstanding the development of the biological remediation process.
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