| 1. |
- Jensen Wolfhechel, Ola, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Norrlands vattenanknutna kulturmiljöer – en förstudie : rapport från ett FoU-projekt
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med föreliggande förstudie har varit att ta fram ett underlag inför ett kommande tvärvetenskapligt forsknings- och digitaliseringsprojekt. Bakgrunden är att Riksantikvarieämbetet under 1940-1980-talen genomförde omfattande arkeologiska, men även naturvetenskapliga och etnologiska, undersökningar vid Norrlands älvar och sjöar som ett led i vattenkraftsutbyggnaden. Materialet kom under 1960-1980-talen att bearbetas tillsammans med Stockholms universitet inom ramen för det tvärvetenskapliga projektet Norrlands Tidiga Bebyggelse. Insatserna resulterade i ett rikt material som idag förvaras i Riksantikvarieämbetets arkiv. Då stora delar av Norrland alltjämt är antikvariskt eftersatta utgör det ett mycket viktigt källmaterial för både forskning och förvaltning av dess kulturmiljöer.Det långsiktiga målet med förstudien och det kommande projektet är att skapa ett kunskapsunderlag för forskning och redskap för landskapsanalyser som leder till ett hållbart bevarande och förvaltning av Norrlands vattenanknutna kulturmiljöer. Inom förstudien har en rad viktiga forsknings- och förvaltningsområden identifierats. För att ta fram ett adekvat underlag inför ansökan har den bland annat mynnat ut i olika förslag på strategier för det kommande projektets genomförande och finansiering, en fördjupning av frågor som rör förvaltning av vattenanknutna kulturmiljöer, utvecklat tvärvetenskapliga forskningsfrågor, tagit fram en digitaliseringsstrategi, formaliserat ett nätverk och en referensgrupp, genomfört en behovsanalys samt en inventering för att identifiera relevant arkivmaterial inom projektdeltagarnas respektive institutioner. Med förstudien har vi således lagt grunden till ett tvärvetenskapligt forsknings- och digitaliseringsprojekt som inkluderar kulturmiljöförvaltning, arkeologi, etnologi, sociologi och naturveten-skapliga ämnen, däribland miljö- och klimatforskning.
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| 2. |
- Jonsson, Bror, et al.
(författare)
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Production of juvenile salmonids in small Norwegian streams is affected by agricultural land use
- 2011
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Ingår i: Freshwater Biology. - : Wiley. - 0046-5070 .- 1365-2427. ; 56, s. 2529-2542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. We estimated the biomass and production of juvenile anadromous brown trout (Salmotrutta) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (parr) in 12 streams in the Skagerrak area ofNorway to identify controlling environmental factors, such as land-use and waterchemistry.2. Production estimates correlated positively with fish density in early summer, but notwith the size of the catchment. The summer biomass of age-0 brown trout and Atlanticsalmon was smaller than that of age-1 and constituted 27.4 and 25.7%, respectively, of thetotal biomass of the two groups.3. Mean production of brown trout from July to September varied between streams, but inmost cases it was below 2 g 100 m)2 day)1. Yearly cohort production from age-0 in July toage-1 in July was 10 g m)2 or less, with mean annual production of 1.32 g 100 m)2 day)1,equivalent to 4.8 g m)2 year)1. The corresponding annual cohort production of Atlanticsalmon was 0.38 g 100 m)2 day)1 or 1.4 g m)2 year)1. Annual production to biomass ratio(P⁄B) for brown trout of the same cohort in the various streams was between 1.47 and 4.37;the overall mean (±SD) for all streams was 2.25 ± 0.94. Mean turnover rate of Atlanticsalmon was 2.73 ± 0.24.4. Production of 0+ brown trout during the summer correlated significantly with thepercentage of agricultural land and forest⁄bogs in the catchment, with maxima at 20 and75%, respectively. Age-0 brown trout production also correlated with concentration ofnitrogen and calcium in the water, with maxima at 2.4 and 14 mg L)1, respectively.5. The results support the hypothesis that brown trout parr production reflects the qualityof their habitat, as indicated by the dome-shaped relationship between percentage ofagricultural land and the concentration of nitrogen and calcium in the water.
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| 3. |
- Ahlqvist, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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A link between GIP and osteopontin in adipose tissue and insulin resistance.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1939-327X .- 0012-1797. ; 62:6, s. 2088-2094
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low grade inflammation in obesity is associated with accumulation of the macrophagederived cytokine osteopontin in adipose tissue and induction of local as well as systemic insulin resistance. Since GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) is a strong stimulator of adipogenesis and may play a role in the development of obesity, we explored whether GIP directly would stimulate osteopontin (OPN) expression in adipose tissue and thereby induce insulin resistance. GIP stimulated OPN protein expression in a dose-dependent fashion in rat primary adipocytes. The level of OPN mRNA was higher in adipose tissue of obese individuals (0.13±}0.04 vs 0.04±}0.01, P<0.05) and correlated inversely with measures of insulin sensitivity (r=-0.24, P=0.001). A common variant of the GIP receptor (GIPR) (rs10423928) gene was associated with lower amount of the exon 9 containing isoform required for transmembrane activity. Carriers of the A-allele with a reduced receptor function showed lower adipose tissue OPN mRNA levels and better insulin sensitivity. Together, these data suggest a role for GIP not only as an incretin hormone, but also as a trigger of inflammation and insulin resistance in adipose tissue. Carriers of GIPR rs10423928 A-allele showed protective properties via reduced GIP effects. Identification of this unprecedented link between GIP and OPN in adipose tissue might open new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
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| 4. |
- Aidas, Kestutis, et al.
(författare)
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The Dalton quantum chemistry program system
- 2014
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Ingår i: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Computational Molecular Science. - : Wiley. - 1759-0876. ; 4:3, s. 269-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dalton is a powerful general-purpose program system for the study of molecular electronic structure at the Hartree-Fock, Kohn-Sham, multiconfigurational self-consistent-field, MOller-Plesset, configuration-interaction, and coupled-cluster levels of theory. Apart from the total energy, a wide variety of molecular properties may be calculated using these electronic-structure models. Molecular gradients and Hessians are available for geometry optimizations, molecular dynamics, and vibrational studies, whereas magnetic resonance and optical activity can be studied in a gauge-origin-invariant manner. Frequency-dependent molecular properties can be calculated using linear, quadratic, and cubic response theory. A large number of singlet and triplet perturbation operators are available for the study of one-, two-, and three-photon processes. Environmental effects may be included using various dielectric-medium and quantum-mechanics/molecular-mechanics models. Large molecules may be studied using linear-scaling and massively parallel algorithms. Dalton is distributed at no cost from for a number of UNIX platforms.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
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Insufficient antibody validation challenges oestrogen receptor beta research
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2041-1723. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The discovery of oestrogen receptor beta (ER beta/ESR2) was a landmark discovery. Its reported expression and homology with breast cancer pharmacological target ER alpha (ESR1) raised hopes for improved endocrine therapies. After 20 years of intense research, this has not materialized. We here perform a rigorous validation of 13 anti-ER beta antibodies, using well-characterized controls and a panel of validation methods. We conclude that only one antibody, the rarely used monoclonal PPZ0506, specifically targets ER beta in immunohistochemistry. Applying this antibody for protein expression profiling in 44 normal and 21 malignant human tissues, we detect ER beta protein in testis, ovary, lymphoid cells, granulosa cell tumours, and a subset of malignant melanoma and thyroid cancers. We do not find evidence of expression in normal or cancerous human breast. This expression pattern aligns well with RNA-seq data, but contradicts a multitude of studies. Our study highlights how inadequately validated antibodies can lead an exciting field astray.
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| 9. |
- André, Karin, 1978-
(författare)
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Climate change adaptation processes : Regional and sectoral stakeholder perspectives
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis analyses how societal adaptation processes in public and private sectors at the regional to local level in Sweden are enacted. The thesis pays particular attention to critical factors that constrain or enable adaptation by focussing on: who are the stakeholders, how do different stakeholders perceive their capacity to adapt, and the role of stakeholder interaction in facilitating adaptation processes A combination of two analytical perspectives is used where one is based on key concepts within adaptation literature, and the other draws on boundary crossing and transdisciplinary knowledge production (stakeholders, adaptive capacity, and science-based stakeholder dialogues). The study is conducted within the scope of two overall case studies of local adaptation processes within an urban region, and a land-use based sector, the private forestry sector. The cases are setting the scene for the collection of empirical material which is achieved through qualitative methods, primarily focus groups discussions with local and regional, public and private stakeholders with an interest in, and responsibility for adaptation. The focus groups meetings are organized as a series of meetings to which different participatory techniques are applied. The study also builds on a comprehensive stakeholder mapping. First, the results suggest a systematic method for identifying stakeholders in adaptation research, policy, and planning applicable in both sectors and regions that combines top-down knowledge with experience and knowledge based on bottom-up processes. Second, the analysis of perceived adaptive capacities reveal several facilitating and constraining factors that relates both to the characteristics of climate risks, experience of climate variability and extreme weather events, and responsibility- and decision-making structures. Third, the analysis of the interaction between local experts and scientists show that there is potential for the boundary spanning function of science-based stakeholder dialogues in facilitating adaptation through stimulating questions and sharing different knowledge bases and experiences among the participants. However further attention needs to be taken to the institutional environment and the role of so called anchoring devices that help local experts to contextualise, discus and thus anchor scientific knowledge in their own decision-making context. In conclusion, there are both commonalities between adaptation processes in the two case studies and some marked differences, e.g., regarding the concept of adaptation, what type of adaptation actions that are identified, the perceived opportunities for adaptation and degree of complexity.
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| 10. |
- Angelsmark, Ola, 1972-
(författare)
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Constructing Algorithms for Constraint Satisfaction and Related Problems : Methods and Applications
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis, we will discuss the construction of algorithms for solving Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs), and describe two new ways of approaching them. Both approaches are based on the idea that it is sometimes faster to solve a large number of restricted problems than a single, large, problem. One of the strong points of these methods is that the intuition behind them is fairly simple, which is a definite advantage over many techniques currently in use.The first method, the covering method, can be described as follows: We want to solve a CSP with n variables, each having a domain with d elements. We have access to an algorithm which solves problems where the domain has size e < d, and we want to cover the original problem using a number of restricted instances, in such a way that the solution set is preserved. There are two ways of doing this, depending on the amount of work we are willing to invest; either we construct an explicit covering and end up with a deterministic algorithm for the problem, or we use a probabilistic reasoning and end up with a probabilistic algorithm.The second method, called the partitioning method, relaxes the demand on the underlying algorithm. Instead of having a single algorithm for solving problems with domain less than d, we allow an arbitrary number of them, each solving the problem for a different domain size. Thus by splitting, or partitioning, the domain of the large problem, we again solve a large number of smaller problems before arriving at a solution.Armed with these new techniques, we study a number of different problems; the decision problems (d, l)-CSP and k-Colourability, together with their counting counterparts, as well as the optimisation problems Max Ind CSP, Max Value CSP, Max CSP, and Max Hamming CSP. Among the results, we find a very fast, polynomial space algorithm for determining k-colourability of graphs.
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