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- Andersson, Malte, 1941, et al.
(författare)
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”Minskande befolkning är inte problemet”
- 2020
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. ; :1 augusti, DN-debatt
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Nätverket Population Matters Sweden: En uppmärksammad studie i The Lancet pekar mot en lägre befolkningsökning i världen än tidigare prognoser. Men en miljard människor till är fortfarande långt över vad jorden klarar. Befolkningstrenden måste snarare vända neråt, och det kräver åtgärder för att stärka kvinnors rättigheter världen över.
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| 4. |
- Rössberger, Josefine, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term results of reconstructive surgery in patients with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis: subtyping is imperative.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0090-4295. ; 70:4, s. 638-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To evaluate the long-term outcome after reconstructive surgery in patients with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis subdivided into subtypes. Methods A total of 47 patients, fulfilling the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases criteria, were evaluated retrospectively. They all had undergone reconstructive surgery during the 25-year period of 1978 to 2003. The surgical procedures included noncontinent ureteroenterocutaneostomy (12 patients), supratrigonal cystectomy and ileocystoplasty (23 patients), continent urinary diversion (Kock pouch; 10 patients), continent orthotopic diversion (1 patient), and cecocystoplasty (1 patient). The series comprised 34 patients with classic Hunner type disease and 13 patients with nonulcer bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis. The patients were preoperatively assessed by interview, visual analog pain scale, micturition diaries, urinalysis, intravenous urography, urethrocystoscopy, and bladder distension during anesthesia, including biopsy and, in selected cases, urodynamic evaluation. The data were obtained by surveying the clinical records. Results For 28 of the 34 patients with classic Hunner-type disease, the initial surgical procedure resulted in complete symptom resolution. Of the remaining 6 patients, 4 were successfully treated with a supplementary diversion procedure, cystectomy, or transurethral ulcer resection in the trigonal remnant. In contrast, only 3 of the 13 patients with nonulcer disease experienced symptom resolution after reconstructive surgery, and 2 of these required a supravesical diversion procedure. Conclusions Reconstructive surgery for refractory bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis is an appropriate last resort only for patients with end-stage Hunner’s disease. The decision to embark on major reconstructive surgery in patients with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis should be preceded by a thorough preoperative evaluation, with emphasis on assessment to determine the relevant subtype (ie, classic or nonulcer disease).
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| 5. |
- Bajor, Antal, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Normal or increased bile acid uptake in isolated mucosa from patients with bile acid malabsorption.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. - 0954-691X. ; 18:4, s. 397-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Bile acid malabsorption as reflected by an abnormal 75Se-labelled homocholic acid-taurine (75SeHCAT) test is associated with diarrhoea, but the mechanisms and cause-and-effect relations are unclear. Objectives: Primarily, to determine whether there is a reduced active bile acid uptake in the terminal ileum in patients with bile acid malabsorption. Secondarily, to study the linkage between bile acid malabsorption and hepatic bile acid synthesis. Methods: Ileal biopsies were taken from patients with diarrhoea and from controls with normal bowel habits. Maximal active bile acid uptake was assessed in ileal biopsies using a previously validated technique based on uptake of 14C-labelled taurocholate. To monitor the hepatic synthesis, 7[alpha]-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, a bile acid precursor, was assayed in blood. The 75SeHCAT-retention test was used to diagnose bile acid malabsorption. Results: The taurocholate uptake in specimens from diarrhoea patients was higher compared with the controls [median, 7.7 (n=53) vs 6.1 [mu]mol/g per min (n=17)] (P<0.01) but no difference was seen between those with bile acid malabsorption (n=18) versus diarrhoea with a normal 75SeHCAT test (n=23). The 75SeHCAT values and 7[alpha]-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one were inversely correlated. Conclusions: The data do not support bile acid malabsorption being due to a reduced active bile acid uptake capacity in the terminal ileum. (C) 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
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| 6. |
- Gondalia, Jagdish Shivlal, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Relationships between free radical levels during carotid endarterectomy and markers of arteriosclerotic disease
- 2007
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Ingår i: Int J Med Sci. - 1449-1907. ; 14:3, s. 124-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Free radical production is elevated in jugular venous blood emerging from the brain in conjunction with carotid endarterectomy. This study explores the relationships between markers for lesion progression in arteriosclerosis, production of radicals and clinical characteristics. Methods: The radical production during carotid endarterectomy was studied in 13 patients with an ex vivo spin trap method using OXANOH as a spin trap. MCP-1, ICAM-1, MMP-9 and oxLDL were determined in venous blood samples before, during and after clamping of the carotid artery. Principal component analysis (PCA) as well as partial least square regression analysis (PLS) was applied to interpret the data. Results: PCA and PLS analysis revealed that high values of MMP-9 and low values of ICAM-1 were associated with high radical production whereas MCP-1 and oxLDL were not correlated to radical production. MMP-9 was elevated at diabetes, high haemoglobin, high leucocyte counts and thrombocyte counts as well as at contralateral stenosis, whereas ICAM-1 showed reversed relationships to these clinical variables. MCP-1 increased during surgery. Conclusions: The main finding in our study is that MMP-9 in plasma is asscociated with radical production during carotid endarterectomy, suggesting that this enzyme might be involved in the pathogenesis of brain damage in conjunction with ischaemia-reperfusion.
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- Johansson, Martin L, et al.
(författare)
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Achieving stomal continence with an ileal pouch and a percutaneous implant.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-4838 .- 0957-4530. ; 33:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, a soft-tissue-anchored, percutaneous port used as a mechanical continence-preserving valve in reservoir ileo- and urostomies was functionally and morphologically evaluated in eight dogs. During follow-up, the skin failed to attach to the implant, but the intestine inside the stoma port appeared to be attached to the mesh. After reaching adequate reservoir volume, the urostomies were rendered continent by attaching a lid to the implant. The experiments were ended at different time intervals due to implant-related adverse events. In only one case did the histological evaluation reveal integration at both the implant-intestine and implant-skin interfaces, with a low degree of inflammation and the absence of bacterial colonisation. In the remaining cases, integration was not obtained and instead mucosal downgrowth and biofilm formation were observed. The skin-implant junction was characterised by the absence of direct contact between the epidermis and the implant. Varying degrees of epidermal downgrowth, granulation tissue formation, inflammatory cell infiltration and bacterial growth and biofilm formation were prominent findings. In contrast, the subcutaneously located anchor part of the titanium port was well integrated and encapsulated by fibrous tissue. These results demonstrate the opportunity to achieve integration between a soft-tissue-anchored titanium port, skin and intestine. However, predictable long-term function could not be achieved in these animal models due to implant- and non-implant-related adverse events. Unless barriers at both the implant-skin and implant-intestine junctions are created, epidermal and mucosal downward migration and biofilm formation will jeopardise implant performance.
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| 8. |
- Jonsson, Olof, 1941, et al.
(författare)
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Afferent intussuscepted antireflux nipple valve complications in the Kock pouch for continent urinary diversion Early results with a modified technique.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scand J Urol Nephrol. - : Informa UK Limited. ; 40:6, s. 472-478
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. To analyse the risk of afferent nipple valve stenosis and its consequences and management in patients with a Kock pouch for continent urinary diversion and to study the early results after using an alternative antireflux technique. Material and methods. Sixty patients consecutively operated on with a conventional Kock reservoir for continent cutaneous urinary diversion between 1988 and 2001 were analysed with regard to the occurrence of afferent nipple valve stenosis and its clinical characteristics. Sixteen patients operated on for continent urinary diversion during the period 2002-04 had the antireflux valve constructed according to the serous-lined extramural ileal valve technique. Results. Eight patients with a conventional Kock pouch developed true afferent nipple valve stenosis and the risk approached 30% after 15 years. Dilatation and stenting were usually successful. Conclusions. The high risk of afferent nipple valve stenosis when using the intussuscepted nipple valve in the construction of a Kock reservoir for continent cutaneous urinary diversion calls for an alternative method for anastomosing the ureters to the reservoir. Our early results with the combined Kock/T-pouch are promising.
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| 10. |
- Jonsson, Olof, 1941, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced post-ischaemic recovery in rabbit kidney after pretreatment with an indeno-indole compound and ascorbate monitored in vivo by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - 0036-5599. ; 37:6, s. 450-455
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate whether combined pretreatment with lipid- and water-soluble antioxidants gave better restoration of energy phosphates after ischaemia–reperfusion of rabbit kidneys than single pretreatment with a lipid-soluble antioxidant. Material and Methods: Thirteen New Zealand white rabbits were used for the study. Changes in energy phosphates were measured in vivo using volume-selective 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The indeno–indole compound H290/51 was chosen as a lipid-soluble antioxidant and ascorbate as a water-soluble antioxidant. Results: The combined pretreatment led to significantly better restoration of the β-adenosine triphosphate:inorganic phosphate ratio after 60 min of ischaemia and 120 min of reperfusion compared with the single pretreatment. Analyses of blood pressure and blood gas changes showed that the beneficial effect of combined pretreatment was not caused by a better general condition of the animals in that group but by a direct effect on the kidneys. Conclusions: Combined pretreatment with lipid- and water-soluble antioxidants leads to better restoration of energy phosphates in rabbit kidneys subjected to ischaemia–reperfusion compared with single pretreatment with a lipid-soluble antioxidant.
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