| 1. |
- Andell-Jonsson, Siv
(författare)
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The effect of galanin message-associated peptide in spinal sensory processing
- 1997
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Galanin message associated peptide (GMAP), the C-terminal flanking peptide in the precursor protein of galanin, has been studied to established whether this peptide has its own biological action. With some exceptions, GMAP is generally co-localized with galanin in the central nervous system as well as the peripheral nervous system. This study was focused on the effect of GMAP in spinal sensory processing and identification of endogenously occurring fragments of GMAP. Nerve injury is one incident which regulates the expression of the precursor protein of galanin/GMAP. Two weeks after axotomy of the sciatic nerve in rat the effect of intrathecal GMAP on the flexor reflex becomes altered in comparison to animals with intact sciatic nerves. The effect of GMAP on baseline flexor reflex was not changed, but the effect on the facilitation induced by conditioning stimuli (CS) was strongly decreased and GMAP could only weakly antagonise the facilitation. This was in contrast to the dose dependent manner GMAP antagonised the effect of CS in animals with intact sciatic nerves. Interactions with substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) effects in the flexor reflex were also changed after axotomy. SP-induced excitation of the flexor reflex was not inhibited by GMAP following axotomy as it was in normal rats. In contrast, the effect of VIP was antagonised in axotomized animals by GMAP. Modulation by putative synthetic fragments of GMAP of the flexor reflex were investigated. At least two of the fragments exert significant pharmacological activity. In degradation studies of GMAP in vitro, five degradation products were isolated with high performance liquid chromatography. Their amino acids composition were analysed. The pharmacological effects of the fragments were studied in the flexor reflex and were shown to partially mimic the effects of the whole GMAP sequence. GMAP mediated effect on adenylate cyclase and guanylatecyclase were examined to evaluate the coupling to G-protein connected receptors. GMAP had poor affinity to the galanin receptor with a ICso value on 104 M. GMAP was synthesized by solid phase method in the beginning of this project, which created a lot of problem with very low yield of the peptide. Recently we successfully expressed recombinant GMAP with the QIAGEN expression system which will open possibilities to further studies of GMAP in the future.
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| 2. |
- Backhaus, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Antimicrobial susceptibility of invasive pneumococcal isolates from a region in south-west Sweden 1998-2001.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 39:1, s. 19-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Invasive disease caused by antibiotic resistant pneumococci is a worldwide problem. All invasive pneumococcal strains in an area of south-west Sweden with 1.7 million inhabitants were collected prospectively during 1998-2001. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by E-test and correlated to serotypes and clinical characteristics. Of 827 strains, 744 (90%) were susceptible (S) to all agents tested and 83 (10%) were indeterminate (I) or resistant (R) to at least 1 agent. 22 isolates (2.7%) were I to penicillin (MIC >0.06 to < or = 1.0 mg/l), but none were R (MIC >1.0 mg/l). Numbers and proportions of decreased susceptibility against other agents tested were as follows: erythromycin R: 30 (3.6%), clindamycin R: 6 (0.7%), tetracycline R: 16 (1.9%), moxifloxacin R: 1 (0.1%), cotrimoxazole I: 17 (2%) and R: 31(4%). Non-susceptibility to at least 1 agent was not correlated with age, clinical manifestation, underlying diseases and outcome. The serotype distribution differed between non-susceptible and susceptible strains. The serotypes in the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine covered 42% of all infections and 73% of those caused by non-susceptible strains. In conclusion, the impact of antibiotic resistance in invasive pneumococcal disease remains limited in south-west Sweden.
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| 3. |
- Brekkan, Ari, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of anti-drug antibody dynamics using a bivariate mixed hidden-markov model by nonlinear-mixed effects approach
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. - : Springer. - 1567-567X .- 1573-8744. ; 51:1, s. 65-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biological therapies may act as immunogenic triggers leading to the formation of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs). Population pharmacokinetic (PK) models can be used to characterize the relationship between ADA and drug disposition but often rely on the ADA bioassay results, which may not be sufficiently sensitive to inform on this characterization.In this work, a methodology that could help to further elucidate the underlying ADA production and impact on the drug disposition was explored. A mixed hidden-Markov model (MHMM) was developed to characterize the underlying (hidden) formation of ADA against the biologic, using certolizumab pegol (CZP), as a test drug. CZP is a PEGylated Fc free TNF-inhibitor used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic inflammatory diseases.The bivariate MHMM used information from plasma drug concentrations and ADA measurements, from six clinical studies (n = 845), that were correlated through a bivariate Gaussian function to infer about two hidden states; production and no-production of ADA influencing PK. Estimation of inter-individual variability was not supported in this case. Parameters associated with the observed part of the model were reasonably well estimated while parameters associated with the hidden part were less precise. Individual state sequences obtained using a Viterbi algorithm suggested that the model was able to determine the start of ADA production for each individual, being a more assay-independent methodology than traditional population PK. The model serves as a basis for identification of covariates influencing the ADA formation, and thus has the potential to identify aspects that minimize its impact on PK and/or efficacy.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Jonsson, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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CONSUMER PERCEPTIONS AND PREFERENCES ON SOLID WOOD, WOOD-BASED PANELS, AND COMPOSITES : A REPERTORY GRID STUDY
- 2008
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Ingår i: Wood and Fiber Science. - 0735-6161. ; 40:4, s. 663-678
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge about consumer perception and preferences on solid wood, wood-based panels, and wood-based composites is important for product development and marketing. The aim of this study was to identify attributes and associations that people use to describe different types of wood materials and to explore how they relate to preferences. The study involved nine samples that were evaluated with the Kelly's repertory grid technique and content analysis. Based on respondents' answers. 19 core categories reflecting sample attributes were extracted. General preferences for each sample were also recorded. Principal component analysis generated two factors describing 1) naturalness, wood-likeness, softness, unprocessed origin, living, pleasant, and high value; and 2) solid and homogeneous impression. A third, preliminary factor included categories describing irregular pattern,sleekness, and smoothness. The wood samples were most liked, whereas composites and panels were not appreciated. Preferred core categories were naturalness, wood-likeness, smoothness, living impression, and value. The least liked core categories were processed, hard, and high weigh. The implications of the results for product development and marketing are discussed.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Larsson Alminger, Marie, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Starch microstructure and starch hydrolysis in barley and oat tempe during in vitro digestion
- 2012
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Ingår i: Food Digestion. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1869-1986 .- 1869-1978. ; 3:1-3, s. 53-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Various botanical and structural characteristics of starchy foods are considered to modify the rate of starch digestion and the glycaemic responses in humans. The main objective of the study was to examine the impact of fermented barley and oat microstructure on the rate of in vitro starch hydrolysis. A dynamic gastrointestinal model was used to estimate the degree of starch hydrolysis during in vitro digestion of fermented whole grain cereal meals. Light microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to study the microstructural changes. In parallel to the in vitro studies, the impact of fermented barley and oats on postprandial plasma glucose responses was evaluated in a human study. Micrographs were taken during in vitro digestion experiments with fermented whole grains and compared with micrographs of boiled barley (undigested). Images showed that most of the oat starch granules were degraded after 120 min of digestion, whereas barley starch granules were less degraded, even after 180 min of digestion. The findings were confirmed by faster starch hydrolysis from the fermented oat meal, measured as maltose generated during in vitro digestion. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated from the plotted maltose curves of the meals. AUC for barley tempe (266 ± 33) was 40 % of the AUC for oat tempe (663 ± 8) and significantly different (p
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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