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Austere histories in European societies : social exclusion and the contest of colonial memories
- 2016
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Austere Histories in European Societies discusses how the current economic and political crisis in Europe affects not just our present but also our views and interpretations of the past. The contributions to the book examine a firmly defined problem: in which ways do crisis and decline in contemporary Europe trigger a selective forgetting and remodelling of the past? This problem is addressed through a set of questions, which the contributors to the collection address at various levels:How do present policies of austerity and the ensuing social exclusion of migrants and minorities influence the perceptions and interpretations of the place of minorities, migrants and colonized peoples in European history?How do new regimes of historiography and memory culture relate to emerging and established patterns of discrimination and social segmentation in today’s European societies? In seeking to answer these questions, the book makes a strong contribution to a European-wide discussion on the backlash against multiculturalism, diversity, and immigration, and on changing interpretations of the imperial and colonial systems that have shaped Europe’s position in the world.The point of departure for the collection is the recent turn of European societies toward more austere political regimes, entailing budget cuts, deregulation of labour markets, restrictions of welfare systems, securitization of borders, and new regimes of migration and citizenship. In the wake of such changes, new forms of social inclusion and exclusion appear that are justified through a reactivation of differences of race, class and gender. Against this backdrop, the book investigates contemporary understandings of history and cultural memory. Are we witnessing a turn toward austerity also in theories and practices of historiography, as well as in pedagogies of history? Can we speak of an austere historiography, an enforcement of conformity on Europe past and present?The contributions to the book examine, in both national and comparative perspective, how this development entails a privileging of certain narratives of the European past, whereas other parts of the cultural heritage are being weeded out. Strong interests are apparently at work to purge the histories of specific European nations, but also those of Europe, the West, and globalization from cultural plurality. The authors also discuss how heroic and homogeneous stories about the past of nations, regions, institutions and religions are being retold, reinvented, and re-launched. The book thus explores to what extent history (including public debate on history and history education) is again becoming “nationalistic”, and to what extent Europe’s proclaimed “cosmopolitanism” is being narrowed down so as to simply celebrate the achievements of Europe and posit the West as a model of universality to be emulated by others.Most chapters in the book focus on debates on history and colonial legacies in Britain, France, Netherlands, Denmark, Portugal, Sweden and Germany. They show how an increasing number of historians and intellectuals are again becoming blind to less gratifying parts of Europe’s history. While it is still too early to speak of a historical revisionism in the strict sense (for there are also strong counter-tendencies in parts of the academic community and postcolonial and migrant communities and organizations), the authors nonetheless argue that a transformation is under way, corresponding to a new politics of austerity that seems impatient with both democracy and the complexities of past. Among the sacrifices of this tendency are multiculturalism, postcolonial memories, and minority discourses of all kinds. What is lost is thus the very complexity and contradictoriness of Europe and the West. Especially, colonial and postcolonial memories are evicted from their recently claimed habitats in the European past, and again placed at the outskirts, far beyond the limit of the Western world. There is thus a strong correlation, which this collection aims to extract and analyze, between the ways in which migrant and migrant labourers are treated by present policies and the ways in which memories and experiences of migrants, minorities and colonized peoples are treated in historiography, historical pedagogy, and cultural heritage institutions.
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- Bojanić, Sanja, et al.
(författare)
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Challenging cultures of rejection
- 2022
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Ingår i: Patterns of Prejudice. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0031-322X .- 1461-7331. ; 56:4-5, s. 315-335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, Bojanic, Jonsson, Neergaard and Sauer present a synthetic overview of the five country cases included in the special issue that analyse the emergence of cultures of rejection since 2015. In general, they discuss the conceptual framework of ‘Cultures of Rejection’, elaborated throughout the issue as a more encompassing approach that is sensitive to the values, norms and affects that underlie different or similar patterns of exclusion and rejection in different contexts. These cultures are located in the everyday lives of people. The article, therefore, first identifies contexts, objects of rejection—often migrants and racialized Others, but also ‘the political’ or state institutions—narratives and components of cultures of rejection that we label reflexivity, affect, nostalgia and moralistic judgement. The contrasting reading of the five cases shows that people struggle for agency under precarious and insecure conditions, and fight against imagined enemies. As Bojanić, Jonsson, Neergaard and Sauer conclude, cultures of rejection mirror ongoing processes of neoliberal dispossession, authoritarization and depolitization that culminate in a wish for agency and resovereignization. Second, and based on this overview, trends in cultures of rejection are detected against different national contexts as well as against common trends of social and economic transformations and crises, such as, for instance, the COVID-19 pandemic. This results, finally, in a discussion of ways of challenging the cultures of rejection towards more democratic and solidaristic societies. One starting point might be the ‘re-embedding’ of the economy in society, that is, a more equal distribution of resources and future perspectives.
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- Bolt Rasmussen, Mikkel, et al.
(författare)
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Protestens billeder : Forord
- 2023
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Ingår i: K & K. - Århus : K & K. Kultur og Klasse. - 0905-6998 .- 2246-2589. ; 51:134-135, s. 3-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prefatory article that introduces the themes, topics and articles of this special issue on the images of protest.
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- Hansen, Peo, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Another Colonialism : Africa in the History of European Integration
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Historical Sociology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0952-1909 .- 1467-6443. ; 27:3, s. 442-461
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today’s European Union was founded in a 1950s marked by its memberstates’ involvement in numerous colonial conflicts and with the colonial questionfirmly entrenched on the European and international agenda. This notwithstanding,there is hardly any scholarly investigations to date that have examined colonialism’sbearing on the historical project and process of European integration. In tacklingthis puzzle, the present article proceeds in two steps. First, it corroborates the claimthat European integration not only is related to the history of colonialism but to nolittle extent determined by it. Second, it introduces a set of factors that explain whythe relation between the EU and colonialism has been systematically neglected. Herethe article seeks to identify the operations of a colonial epistemology that hasfacilitated a misrecognition of what postwar European integration was about. As thearticle argues, this epistemology has enabled colonialism’s historical relation to theEuropean integration project to remain undetected and has thus also reproducedwithin the present EU precisely those colonial or neo-colonial preconceptions thatthe European partner states, in official discourse and policy, falsely claim that theyhave abandoned.
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- Hansen, Peo, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Bringing Africa as a 'Dowry to Europe' : European Integration and the Eurafrican Project, 1920–1960
- 2011
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Ingår i: Interventions. - New York and London : Routledge. - 1369-801X .- 1469-929X. ; 13:3, s. 443-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the history of the ‘Eurafrican project’ as it evolved from the Pan-European movement in the 1920s to its institutionalization in the European Economic Community (EEC) (i.e. today’s EU) in the late 1950s. As shown in the article practically all of the visions, movements and concrete institutional arrangements working towards European integration during this period placed Africa’s incorporation into the European enterprise as a central objective. As so much of the scholarly, political and journalistic accounts at the time testify to, European integration was inextricably bound up with a Eurafrican project. According to the intellectual, political and institutional discourse on Eurafrica – or the fate of Europe’s colonial enterprise – a future European community presupposed the transformation of the strictly national colonial projects into a joint European colonization of Africa. Indeed, there is strong evidence to support that these ideas were instrumental in the actual, diplomatic and political constitution of the EEC, or of Europe as a political subject. The article discusses the conspicuous absence of these matters from scholarship on European integration and its historical origins and trajectory. It also notes that it is equally neglected in postcolonial studies, which should be able to provide the theoretical and historical tools to engage with the complex and instructive issues with which the Eurafrican project and its intimate links to the history of European integration confront today’s scholars.
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- Hansen, Peo, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Building Eurafrica : Reviving Colonialism through European Integration, 1920-60
- 2015
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Ingår i: Echoes of empire. - London : I.B. Tauris. - 9781784530518 - 9780857738967 ; , s. 209-226
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How does our colonial past echo through today's global politics? How have former empire-builders sought vindication or atonement, and formerly colonized states reversal or retribution? This groundbreaking book presents a panoramic view of attitudes to empires past and present, seen not only through the hard politics of international power structures but also through the nuances of memory, historiography and national and minority cultural identities.Bringing together leading historians, political scientists and international relations scholars from across the globe, Echoes of Empire emphasizes Europe's colonial legacy while also highlighting the importance of non-European power centres – Ottoman, Russian, Chinese, Japanese – in shaping world politics, then and now. Echoes of Empire bridges the divide between disciplines to trace the global routes travelled by objects, ideas and people, and forms a radically different notion of the term 'empire' itself. This will be an essential companion to courses on international relations and imperial history as well as a fascinating read for anyone interested in Western
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| 10. |
- Hansen, Peo, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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‘Demographic Colonialism’ : EU-African Migration Management and the Legacy of Eurafrica
- 2012
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Ingår i: Migration, Work and Citizenship in the New Global Order. - London : Routledge. - 9780415683272 ; , s. 13-28
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Any consideration of global migration in relation to work and citizenship must necessarily be situated in the context of the Great Recession. A whole historical chapter - that of neoliberalism - has now closed and the future can only be deemed uncertain. Migrant workers were key players during this phase of the global system, supplying cheap and flexible labour inputs when required in the rich countries. Now, with the further sustainability of the neoliberal political and economic world order in question, what will be the role of migration in terms of work patterns and what modalities of political citizenship will develop? While informalization of the relations of production and the precarization of work were once assumed to be the exception, that is no longer the case. As for citizenship this book posits a parallel development of precarious citizenship for migrants, made increasingly vulnerable by the global economic crisis. But we are also in an era of profound social transformation, in the context of which social counter-movements emerge, which may halt the disembedding of the market from social control and its corrosive impact. This book was published as a special issue of Globalizations.
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