| 1. |
- Hermansson, Carina, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Regeringen sviker förskolan
- 2011
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Ingår i: Kristianstadsbladet. - 1103-9523. ; :26/11, s. A49-
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 2. |
- Hesselman, Susanne, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Time matters—a Swedish cohort study of labor duration and risk of uterine rupture
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 100:10, s. 1902-1909
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionUterine rupture is an obstetric emergency associated with maternal and neonatal morbidity. The main risk factor is a prior cesarean section, with rupture occurring in subsequent labor. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of uterine rupture by labor duration and labor management.Material and methodsThis is a Swedish register-based cohort study of women who underwent labor in 2013–2018 after a primary cesarean section (n = 20 046). Duration of labor was the main exposure, calculated from onset of regular labor contractions and birth; both timepoints were retrieved from electronic medical records for 12 583 labors, 63% of the study population. Uterine rupture was calculated as events per 1000 births at different timepoints during labor. Risk estimates for uterine rupture by labor duration, induction of labor, use of oxytocin and epidural analgesia were calculated using Poisson regression, adjusted for maternal and birth characteristics. Estimates were presented as adjusted rate ratios (ARR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsThe prevalence of uterine rupture was 1.4% (282/20 046 deliveries). Labor duration was 9.88 hours (95% CI 8.93–10.83) for women with uterine rupture, 8.20 hours (95% CI 8.10–8.31) for women with vaginal delivery, and 10.71 hours (95% CI 10.46–10.97) for women with cesarean section without uterine rupture. Few women (1.0/1000) experienced uterine rupture during the first 3 hours of labor. Uterine rupture occurred in 15.6/1000 births with labor duration over 12 hours. The highest risk for uterine rupture per hour compared with vaginal delivery was observed at 6 hours (ARR 1.20, 95% CI 1.11–1.30). Induction of labor was associated with uterine rupture (ARR 1.54, 95% CI 1.19–1.99), with a particular high risk seen in those induced with prostaglandins and no risk observed with cervical catheter (ARR 1.19, 95% CI 0.83–1.71). Labor augmentation with oxytocin (ARR 1.60, 95% CI 1.25–2.05) and epidural analgesia (ARR 1.63, 95% CI 1.27–2.10) were also associated with uterine rupture.ConclusionsLabor duration is an independent factor for uterine rupture among women attempting vaginal delivery after cesarean section. Medical induction and augmentation of labor increase the risk, regardless of maternal and birth characteristics.
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| 3. |
- Hörsing, Maritha, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of the transformation potential of some ether derivatives of tetrabromobisphenol A and dimethyl ether of bisphenol A under methanogenic conditions
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study focused on transformation of the flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and ether derivatives thereof during incubation under methanogenic conditions using landfill waste as inoculum. Bisphenol A dimethyl ether was also investigated in that context. Glass wool was placed in the incubation flasks to increase the surface area for adsorption of target compounds and thereby maximize exposure to the microbial population. A uniform analytical protocol for extraction of the silica surface and the aqueous phase was developed to suit all the targets. Overall recoveries were lowest for the dimethylated ethers and highest for TBBPA-dihydroxyethylether. TBBPA decreased to below detection limit within 35 days, but neither BPA nor the methyl ether of TBBPA was confirmed as a transformation product. The dimethylated ethers of BPA and TBBPA disappeared within 14 and 51 days, respectively, and BPA, but not TBBPA, proved to be a transformation product. No losses were observed for the most hydrophobic target TBBPA-dibromopropyl ether during the time frame of the transformation study (i.e., 51 days).
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| 4. |
- Hörsing, Maritha, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Leaching of Flame Retardants from products deposited in Landfills
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Materials in many products in daily use are amended with chemicals to give them desired properties, e.g. flame retardants (FRs) used to reduce the risks of products catching fire. However, potential risks posed by some of these chemicals, including FRs, to the environment and human health have raised concerns. Hence, there is a need for more knowledge regarding the fate of FRs, notably in landfills, where many FR-containing products are deposited. This article presents analyses of FRs and derivatives in leachates sampled during laboratory-scale simulations of landfills containing various FR-containing products progressing through typical landfill ageing phases. The FRs represented substances used both reactively, i.e. bound to the flame-protected material and additively, i.e. without any covalent bonding to the product.The phosphorus-based Pyrovatex-FR and the brominated tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) were used to represent the reactive FRs, and the nitrogen-based melamine and phosphorus-based FR of Proban the additive FRs. Residual FRs from the treatment of the materials were probably the main contributors to the leachates from all products. Their durability, i.e. ability to withstand laundry washes, was reflected in their leaching abilities, while the different landfill conditions were of minor importance, except for melamine (of which approximately 10% of the amount present in the test product leached and mineralised to carbon dioxide and ammonia, mainly during the period when the landfill models passed from acidogenic to methanogenic conditions). The other additively applied FR in Proban leached first during the later part of the incubation (between 80 and 112 weeks), in accordance with its laundry resistance. Substantial proportions of the residual chemicals in Pyrovatex-treated materials are generally lost during the first washing. Accordingly, early losses of the chemicals used in this treatment were detected during the landfill simulation. Elevated phosphate concentrations were also detected in simulations with the Pyrovatex- and Proban-treated products, suggesting that the FRs generated in these treatments were degraded during or after release to the leachate. Small amounts of TBBPA were observed at the end of the incubation, and no TBBPA degradation products were observed, but debromination (which is likely to occur during anoxic stages) would lead to the formation of bisphenol A.
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| 5. |
- Jonsson, Susanne, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of mono- and diesters of o-phthalic acid by solid-phase extractions with polystyrene–divinylbenzene-based polymers
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography A. - 0021-9673 .- 1873-3778. ; 963:1-2, s. 393-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Retention mechanisms of an unmodified and a hydroxylated polystyrene–divinylbenzene polymer were studied by solid-phase extraction of o-phthalic acid and some of its mono- and diesters from purified water and then analysing by GC–MS. The monoesters and phthalic acid were retained only when protonated (i.e. acidified with HCl to pH 0.9). Of all elution solvents tested, ethyl acetate gave the best overall recoveries (61–89%) with both polymers. Applicability to complex matrixes (e.g. acidogenic landfill leachates) was examined by introducing a washing step with acetone in acidified water (pH 0.9) to eliminate volatile fatty acids (C2–C6) from the cartridge. Finally, the method was tested on real samples.
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| 6. |
- Jonsson, Susanne, 1965-
(författare)
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Analysis of phthalic compounds _ evaluation and optimisation
- 2001
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Ingår i: 3rd International Symposium on Advances in Extraction Technologies,2001.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Traditionally the analyses of phthalic compounds have focused on the phthalic acid diesters, usually called phthalates. These days, their degradation products are of interest well. Phthalic acid diesters are neutral compounds with esterchains of different hydrophobicity. The degradation products phthalic acid monoesters are more hydrophilic than the diesters due to the uncovered carboxylic acid. Phthalic acid is the most hydrophilic compounds. Thus, phthalic compounds covers a broad range of polarity and hydrophobicity which make simultaneous analysis of all phthalic compounds difficult. The aims of this study were to a) compare the extraction efficiencies of liquid and solid phase extraction for different phthalic compounds, b) optimise the analysis for especially the monoesters and phthalic acid in a complex matrix such as landfill leachates c) compare electron and chemical ionisation detection for the compounds chosen for this study, namely dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, butyl benzyl and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, their corresponding monoesters and phthalic acid. The compounds were analysed by a gas chromatograph with mass spectrometry detection
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| 7. |
- Jonsson, Susanne, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Behaviour of mono- and diesters of o-phthalic acid in leachates released during digestion of municipal solid waste under landfill conditions
- 2003
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Ingår i: Advances in Environmental Research. - 1093-0191 .- 1093-7927. ; 7:2, s. 429-440
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to investigate phthalates in landfill leachates, four landfill simulation reactors, filled with municipal solid waste from a housing area, were studied. Plasticised polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was added to two of the reactors. Two reactors, one with and one without the additional PVC, were aerated for 3 months to achieve methanogenic conditions. The other two became acidogenic a few days after filling and closing. After approximately 3 years, the acidogenic waste became methanogenic. The leachates were analysed for phthalic acid diesters and their degradation products, phthalic acid monoesters and o-phthalic acid. The occurrence of monobenzyl phthalate (MbenzP) and mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) showed that the diesters, butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), released from the PVC products had been transformed, and that they were not completely sorbed to particles or to the waste material. Monoesters were observed once methanogenic conditions were established. The monoesters and phthalic acid were present in concentrations several orders of magnitude higher than the diesters themselves. Our results show that it is important to include monoesters in studies of the fate of diesters. To date, monoesters have been neglected in investigations of organic pollutants in landfill leachates.
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| 8. |
- Jonsson, Susanne, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of sorption phenomena by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography for determination of some ether derivatives of tetrabromobisphenol A
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Observed sorption and chromatographic behaviour served as a starting point for examination of four ether derivatives of the flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol (TBBPA). To date, there is little or no information about these compounds in the scientific literature. The targets in the present study had calculated log Kow values of 6.0–10, indicating a rather hydrophobic nature. A broad range of different types of solvents were used in order to elucidate the mechanisms of sorption on one hydrophilic surface (silica) and two hydrophobic surfaces (polystyrene divinylbenzene polymers). Also, three chromatographic columns (C18, C8, and dual C18-based) were evaluated. In general, the most hydrophilic and the most hydrophobic derivatives (dihydroxyethyl- and di(2,3-bromopropyl), respectively) were more easily desorbed from the studied surfaces by the selected solvents.Regardless of the experimental test conditions applied, the lowest recovery was seen for dimethoxy-TBBPA, followed by TBBPA itself. Also, this study claims that the polar character of the dual-phase column was not as pronounced as asserted by the manufacturer.
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| 9. |
- Jonsson, Susanne, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Mono- and diesters from o-phthalic acid in leachates from different European landfills
- 2003
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Ingår i: Water Research. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 37:3, s. 609-617
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leachates from 17 different landfills in Europe were analysed with respect to phthalates, i.e. phthalic acid diesters (PAEs) and their degradation products phthalic acid monoesters (PMEs) and ortho-phthalic acid (PA). Diesters are ubiquitous and the human possible exposure and potential to human health and environment has put them in focus. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether monoesters and phthalic acid could be traced in landfill leachates and in what concentrations they may be found. The results showed that phthalates were present in the majority of the leachates investigated. The monoesters appeared from 1 to 20 μg/L and phthalic acid 2–880 μg/L (one divergent value of 19 mg phthalic acid/L). Their parental diesters were observed from 1 to 460 μg/L. These observed occurrences of degradation products, of all diesters studied, support that they are degraded under the landfill conditions covered by this study. Thus, we have presented strong evidences to conclude that microorganisms in landfills degrade diesters released from formulations in a variety of products, including polyvinyl chloride (PVC) species.
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| 10. |
- Jonsson, Susanne, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Mono- and diesters of o-phthalic acid in leachates from young landfills in early degradation phases
- 2002
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Ingår i: Intercontinental Landfill Research Symposium,2002.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- All members of the chemical group of phthalates are salts of phthalic acid and in the international literature dealing with phthalates, the chemical group seems to have been regarded as phthalic acid diesters only, although, the diesters might be degraded to phthalic acid monoesters and phthalic acid. PDEs are widely used in a range of different products such as in, cardboard, paint, ink, adhesives, perfumes, but mainly as plasticisers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. They are not chemically bound to the products and are therefore able to migrate to the aquatic environment. Biodegradation is considered to be the most significant fate process for phthalate diesters (Staples et al., 1997) and degradation of phthalate diesters to monoesters has been shown to occur in both aerobic (Inman et al., 1984; Shelton et al., 1984) and anaerobic (Ejlertsson et al., 1996) laboratory studies. Together with the diesters also the monoesters and phthalic acid has been found in old landfills with methanogenic leachates collected from different European landfills (Jonsson et al., 2002a). Results from laboratory scale landfill simulated reactors have showed that the major transformation of diesters to monoesters and PA was dedicated the early methanogenic phase (Jonsson et al., 2002b). In this study leachates from young landfill cells have been sampled at eight occasions during a period of two years (1998-2000). The cells have been constructed yearly i.e., 1995, 1996 and 1997, from ca. 10.000 metric tons of compacted but not grained municipal solid waste during a two months period. The well-defined starting period made it possible to study the development from acidogenic phase to methanogenic degradation by measuring pH, volatile organic acids (VFAs) and total organic carbon (TOC). This study present concentrations of the monoesters monomethyl, monoethyl, monobutyl, monobenzyl, mono(2-ethylhexyl) and didecyl phthalate (MMP, MEP, MbutP, MbenzP and MEHP respectively) and the diesters dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, butylbenzyl, and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (respectively designated DMP, DEP, DBP, BBP, and DEHP), as well as phthalic acid and discuss the observed results from the laboratory lysimeter study.
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