| 1. |
- Ahlqvist, Viktor H., et al.
(författare)
-
Caesarean section and its relationship to offspring general cognitive ability : a registry-based cohort study of half a million young male adults
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Evidence-Based Mental Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1362-0347 .- 1468-960X. ; 25, s. 7-14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A relationship between caesarean section and offspring cognitive ability has been described, but data are limited, and a large-scale study is needed.Objective: To determine the relationship between mode of delivery and general cognitive ability.Methods: A cohort of 579 244 singleton males, born between 1973 and 1987 who conscripted before 2006, were identified using the Swedish population-based registries. Their mode of delivery was obtained from the Swedish Medical Birth registry. The outcome measure was a normalised general cognitive test battery (mean 100, SD 15) performed at military conscription at around age 18.Findings: Males born by caesarean section performed poorer compared with those born vaginally (mean score 99.3 vs 100.1; adjusted mean difference -0.84; 95% CI -0.97 to -0.72; p<0.001). Both those born by elective (99.3 vs 100.2; -0.92; 95% CI -1.24 to -0.60; p<0.001) and non-elective caesarean section (99.2 vs 100.2; -1.03; 95% CI -1.34 to -0.72; p=0.001), performed poorer than those born vaginally. In sibling analyses, the association was attenuated to the null (100.9 vs 100.8; 0.07; 95% CI -0.31 to 0.45; p=0.712). Similarly, neither elective nor non-elective caesarean section were associated with general cognitive ability in sibling analyses.Conclusion: Birth by caesarean section is weakly associated with a lower general cognitive ability in young adult males. However, the magnitude of this association is not clinically relevant and seems to be largely explained by familial factors shared between siblings.Clinical implication: Clinicians and gravidas ought not to be concerned that the choice of mode of delivery will impact offspring cognitive ability.
|
|
| 2. |
- Arnadottir, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
The Meridian S03E01 : Human Exploration of Space
- 2023
-
Konstnärligt arbete (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Joining Nic and Rebecca in this first episode of the third season of The Meridian is none other than NASA astronaut Jim Pawelczyk, professor at Penn State University in Kinesiology and Physiology, who looks into how the human body adapts when in space.In this third season we are also including some Cosmic Curiosities. These are some ideas, events or trivia from astronomic history that Ross, Victor and Lucian feel are worth bringing out of obscurity for one more look.
|
|
| 3. |
- Arnadottir, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
The Meridian S03E02 : The Hunt for Dark Matter
- 2023
-
Konstnärligt arbete (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We are on a hunt for the invisible in this second episode of the third season of The Meridian. Ruth Pöttgen is a senior lecturer at the Department of Physics where she is studying fundamental particles. She is especially interested in finding that mysterious and elusive Dark Matter particle.In this third season we are also including some Cosmic Curiosities. These are some ideas, events or trivia from astronomic history that Ross, Victor and Lucian feel are worth bringing out of obscurity for one more look.
|
|
| 4. |
- Arnadottir, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
The Meridian S03E03 : Planetary systems beyond our own
- 2023
-
Konstnärligt arbete (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Judith Korth joins the podcast this week and tell us about how she found her way into astronomy research, how she ended up here at Lund University and how she now studies distant worlds far beyond our own Solar System.In this third season we are also including some Cosmic Curiosities. These are some ideas, events or trivia from astronomic history that Ross, Victor and Lucian feel are worth bringing out of obscurity for one more look.
|
|
| 5. |
- Arnadottir, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
The Meridian S03E04 : Finding the way using starlight
- 2023
-
Konstnärligt arbete (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Astronomers, such as Nic and Rebecca, are not the only ones orienting themselves using the stars. Animals, big and small, also navigate by starlight. In this last episode of the third season we invited Prof. Marie Dacke from the Department of Biology over to tell us about her research on the subject.In this third season we are also including some Cosmic Curiosities. These are some ideas, events or trivia from astronomic history that Ross, Victor and Lucian feel are worth bringing out of obscurity for one more look.
|
|
| 6. |
- Bengtsson-Palme, Johan, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Industrial wastewater treatment plant enriches antibiotic resistance genes and alters the structure of microbial communities
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Water Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 162, s. 437-445
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibiotic resistance is an emerging global health crisis, driven largely by overuse and misuse of antibiotics. However, there are examples in which the production of these antimicrobial agents has polluted the environment with active antibiotic residues, selecting for antibiotic resistant bacteria and the genes they carry. In this work, we have used shotgun metagenomics to investigate the taxonomic structure and resistance gene composition of sludge communities in a treatment plant in Croatia receiving wastewater from production of the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin. We found that the total abundance of antibiotic resistance genes was three times higher in sludge from the treatment plant receiving wastewater from pharmaceutical production than in municipal sludge from a sewage treatment plant in Zagreb. Surprisingly, macrolide resistance genes did not have higher abundances in the industrial sludge, but genes associated with mobile genetic elements such as integrons had. We conclude that at high concentrations of antibiotics, selection may favor taxonomic shifts towards intrinsically resistant species or strains harboring chromosomal resistance mutations rather than acquisition of mobile resistance determinants. Our results underscore the need for regulatory action also within Europe to avoid release of antibiotics into the environment.
|
|
| 7. |
- Bengtsson-Palme, Johan, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Strategies to improve usability and preserve accuracy in biological sequence databases
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Proteomics. - : Wiley. - 1615-9853 .- 1615-9861. ; 16:18, s. 2454-2460
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biology is increasingly dependent on large-scale analysis, such as proteomics, creating a requirement for efficient bioinformatics. Bioinformatic predictions of biological functions rely upon correctly annotated database sequences, and the presence of inaccurately annotated or otherwise poorly described sequences introduces noise and bias to biological analyses. Accurate annotations are, for example, pivotal for correct identifications of polypeptide fragments. However, standards for how sequence databases are organized and presented are currently insufficient. Here, we propose five strategies to address fundamental issues in the annotation of sequence databases: (i) to clearly separate experimentally verified and unverified sequence entries; (ii) to enable a system for tracing the origins of annotations; (iii) to separate entries with high-quality, informative annotation from less useful ones; (iv) to integrate automated quality-control software whenever such tools exist; and (v) to facilitate post-submission editing of annotations and metadata associated with sequences. We believe that implementation of these strategies, for example as requirements for publication of database papers, would enable biology to better take advantage of large-scale data.
|
|
| 8. |
- Bengtsson-Palme, Johan, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
What Is the Role of the Environment in the Emergence of Novel Antibiotic Resistance Genes? A Modeling Approach
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 55:23, s. 15734-15743
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is generally accepted that intervention strategies to curb antibiotic resistance cannot solely focus on human and veterinary medicine but must also consider environmental settings. While the environment clearly has a role in transmission of resistant bacteria, its role in the emergence of novel antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is less clear. It has been suggested that the environment constitutes an enormous recruitment ground for ARGs to pathogens, but its extent is practically unknown. We have constructed a model framework for resistance emergence and used available quantitative data on relevant processes to identify limiting steps in the appearance of ARGs in human pathogens. We found that in a majority of possible scenarios, the environment would only play a minor role in the emergence of novel ARGs. However, the uncertainty is enormous, highlighting an urgent need for more quantitative data. Specifically, more data is most needed on the fitness costs of ARG carriage, the degree of dispersal of resistant bacteria from the environment to humans, and the rates of mobilization and horizontal transfer of ARGs. This type of data is instrumental to determine which processes should be targeted for interventions to curb development and transmission of ARGs in the environment.
|
|
| 9. |
- Boulund, Fredrik, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
An analytical solution for finding voids and bottlenecks within macromolecules
- 2009
-
Ingår i: 3DSig 2009: The 5th Structural Bioinformatics and Computational Biophysics Meeting, Stockholm, Sweden, 27-28 June 2009. ; , s. 77-78
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We present an implementation of a direct analytical method for finding the largest sphere inscribed by four others. This method has been applied to the identification of voids and bottlenecks in protein channels.
|
|
| 10. |
- Boulund, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Computational and Statistical Considerations in the Analysis of Metagenomic Data
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Metagenomics: Perspectives, Methods, and Applications. - 9780081022689 ; , s. 81-102
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In shotgun metagenomics, microbial communities are studied by random DNA fragments sequenced directly from environmental and clinical samples. The resulting data is massive, potentially consisting of billions of sequence reads describing millions of microbial genes. The data interpretation is therefore nontrivial and dependent on dedicated computational and statistical methods. In this chapter we discuss the many challenges associated with the analysis of shotgun metagenomic data. First, we address computational issues related to the quantification of genes in metagenomes. We describe algorithms for efficient sequence comparisons, recommended practices for setting up data workflows and modern high-performance computer resources that can be used to perform the analysis. Next, we outline the statistical aspects, including removal of systematic errors and how to identify differences between microbial communities from different experimental conditions. We conclude by underlining the increasing importance of efficient and reliable computational and statistical solutions in the analysis of large metagenomic datasets.
|
|
