| 1. |
- Ferreira, Magda, et al.
(författare)
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Levofloxacin-loaded bone cement delivery system : highly effective against intracellular bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pharmaceutics. - : Elsevier. - 0378-5173 .- 1873-3476. ; 532:1, s. 241-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen in bone associated infections due to its ability to adhere and form biofilms on bone and/or implants. Moreover, recrudescent and chronic infections have been associated with S. aureus capacity to invade and persist within osteoblast cells. With the growing need of novel therapeutic tools, this research aimed to evaluate some important key biological properties of a novel carrier system composed of acrylic bone cement (polymethylmethacrylate – PMMA), loaded with a release modulator (lactose) and an antibiotic (levofloxacin).Levofloxacin-loaded bone cement (BC) exhibited antimicrobial effects against planktonic and biofilm forms of S. aureus (evaluated by a flow chamber system). Moreover, novel BC formulation showed high anti-bacterial intraosteoblast activity. This fact led to the conclusion that levofloxacin released from BC matrices could penetrate the cell membrane of osteoblasts and be active against S. aureus strains in the intracellular environment. Furthermore, levofloxacin-BC formulations showed no significant in vitro cytotoxicity and no allergic potential (measured by the in vivo chorioallantoic membrane assay). Our results indicate that levofloxacin-loaded BC has potential as a local antibiotic delivery system for treating S. aureus associated bone infections.
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| 2. |
- Ramstedt, Madeleine, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating Efficacy of Antimicrobial and Antifouling Materials for Urinary Tract Medical Devices : Challenges and Recommendations
- 2019
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Ingår i: Macromolecular Bioscience. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1616-5187 .- 1616-5195. ; 19:5
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Europe, the mean incidence of urinary tract infections in intensive care units is 1.1 per 1000 patient‐days. Of these cases, catheter‐associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) account for 98%. In total, CAUTI in hospitals is estimated to give additional health‐care costs of £1–2.5 billion in the United Kingdom alone. This is in sharp contrast to the low cost of urinary catheters and emphasizes the need for innovative products that reduce the incidence rate of CAUTI. Ureteral stents and other urinary‐tract devices suffer similar problems. Antimicrobial strategies are being developed, however, the evaluation of their efficacy is very challenging. This review aims to provide considerations and recommendations covering all relevant aspects of antimicrobial material testing, including surface characterization, biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, in vitro and in vivo tests, microbial strain selection, and hydrodynamic conditions, all in the perspective of complying to the complex pathology of device‐associated urinary tract infection. The recommendations should be on the basis of standard assays to be developed which would enable comparisons of results obtained in different research labs both in industry and in academia, as well as provide industry and academia with tools to assess the antimicrobial properties for urinary tract devices in a reliable way.
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