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- Holm, L., et al.
(författare)
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Influence of age, sex and seriousness on reporting of adverse drug reactions in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety. - : John Wiley and Sons Ltd. - 1053-8569 .- 1099-1557. ; 26:3, s. 335-343
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To investigate how reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) among adults in Sweden is associated to age and sex, in addition to seriousness of the reaction and drug utilisation. Methods: Individual case safety reports (ICSRs) reported by healthcare professionals to the national pharmacovigilance database 2008–2011 were related to defined daily dose (DDD) in the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register (SPDR) for individual’s ≥20 years. Data were stratified into five age groups. Crude and adjusted (by age standardisation of prescribed drugs) reporting rate (RR) and reporting rate ratio was evaluated as well as impact of sex-dependent drugs. Results: Based on 9898 included ICSRs, the crude results show that overall RR was almost similar for both serious and non-serious reports and indicates highest RR in the youngest age group. Women had higher rates than men, with predominance for non-serious reports, contrary to men who had a higher RR of serious ones. Standardisation led partly to the same result, but age-related distribution was adjusted, with highest overall RR in the oldest age groups. Sex-dependent drugs had marginal impact on the results. Conclusion: Age and sex have impact on spontaneous reporting of ADRs. After adjusting for dispensed drugs and by standardisation of age-related differences in prescribed drugs, results indicate that healthcare professionals more frequently reported ADRs for the oldest individuals and for women. Serious reports were more frequently reported for men.
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| 3. |
- Johansson-Pajala, Rose-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Nurses in municipal care of the elderly act as pharmacovigilant intermediaries : a qualitative study of medication management
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 34:1, s. 37-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To explore registered nurses' experience of medication management in municipal care of the elderly in Sweden, with a focus on their pharmacovigilant activities. Design: A qualitative approach using focus-group discussions was chosen in order to provide in-depth information. Data were analysed by qualitative content analysis. Setting: Five focus groups in five different long-term care settings in two regions in Sweden. Subject: A total of 21 registered nurses (RNs), four men and 17 women, aged 27-65 years, with 4-34 years of nursing experience. Results: The findings reveal that RNs in municipal long-term care settings can be regarded as vigilant intermediaries in the patients' drug treatments. They continuously control the work of staff and physicians and mediate between them, and also compensate for existing shortcomings, both organizational and in the work of health care professionals. RNs depend on other health care professionals to be able to monitor drug treatments and ensure medication safety. They assume expanded responsibilities, sometimes exceeding their formal competence, and try to cover for deficiencies in competence, experience, accessibility, and responsibility-taking. Conclusion: The RNs play a central but also complex role as vigilant intermediaries in the medication monitoring process, including the issue of responsibility. Improving RNs' possibility to monitor their patients' drug treatments would enable them to prevent adverse drug events in their daily practice. New strategies are justified to facilitate RNs' pharmacovigilant activities.
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| 4. |
- Johansson-Pajala, Rose-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Nurses' use of computerised decision support systems affects drug monitoring in nursing homes
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Nursing Management. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0966-0429 .- 1365-2834. ; 25:1, s. 56-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimTo describe variations in nurses' perceptions of using a computerised decision support system (CDSS) in drug monitoring. BackgroundThere is an increasing focus on incorporating informatics into registered nurses' (RNs) clinical practice. Insight into RNs' perceptions of using a CDSS in drug monitoring can provide a basis for further development of safer practices in drug management. MethodA qualitative interview study of 16 RNs. Data were analysed using a phenomenographic approach. ResultsThe RNs perceived a variety of aspects of using a CDSS in drug monitoring. Aspects of time' were evident, as was giving a standardisation' to the clinical work. There were perceptions of effects of obtained knowledge and evidence' and the division of responsibilities' between RNs and physicians of using the CDSS. ConclusionThe RNs perceived a CDSS as supportive in drug monitoring, in terms of promoting standardised routines, team-collaboration and providing possibilities for evidence-based clinical practice. ImplicationsImplementing a CDSS seems to be one feasible strategy to improve RNs' preconditions for safe drug management. Nurse managers' engagement and support in this process are vital for a successful result.
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| 5. |
- Johansson-Pajala, Rose-Marie
(författare)
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Pharmacovigilance in municipal elderly care : From a nursing perspective
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Medication management constitutes a large part of registered nurses' (RNs) daily work in municipal elderly care. They are responsible for monitoring multimorbid older persons with extensive treatments, and they often work alone, without daily access to physicians. RNs’ drug monitoring is, in this thesis, based on the concept of pharmacovigilance. Pharmacovigilance is about the science and the activities that aim to improve patient care and safety in drug use, that is, to detect, assess, understand and prevent drug-related problems.The overall aim was to explore conditions for pharmacovigilance from a nursing perspective, focusing on implications of RNs’ competence and use of a computerized decision support system (CDSS). Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used, including a questionnaire (I), focus group discussions (II), individual interviews (III) and an intervention study (IV). In total 216 RNs and 54 older persons participated from 13 special accommodations, located in three different regions.RNs who had completed further training in pharmacovigilance rated their medication competence higher than those who had not. However, there was no difference between groups in the number of pharmacovigilant activities they performed in clinical practice (I). The RNs appeared to act as “vigilant intermediaries” in drug treatment. They depended on the nursing staff's observations of drug-related problems. The RNs continuously controlled the work of staff and physicians, and attempted to compensate for shortcomings in competence, accessibility and continuity (II). RNs’ use of a CDSS was found to affect drug monitoring, including aspects of time, responsibility, standardization of the work, as well as access to knowledge and opportunities for evidence-based care (III). The CDSS detected significantly more drug-related problems when conducting medication reviews, than the RNs did. Nevertheless, this did not result in any significant improvement in the quality of drug use in the follow up, three and six months later (IV).This thesis contributes to the recognition of pharmacovigilance from a nursing perspective. Increased medication competence seems to be insufficient to generate pharmacovigilant activities. RNs depend on other health care professionals and organizational conditions in order to perform their work. A CDSS has the potential to support RNs, both in structured medication reviews and in daily clinical practice. Inter-professional collaboration is crucial, with or without a CDSS, and the entire team needs to be aware of and take responsibility. Other important conditions is the existence of well-functioning communication channels, competence across the team, and established procedures based on current guidelines.
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| 6. |
- Johansson-Pajala, Rose-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Registered nurses’ use of computerised decision support in medication reviews : Implications in Swedish nursing homes
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance. - : Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.. - 0952-6862 .- 1758-6542. ; 31:6, s. 531-544
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the implications of registered nurses’ (RNs) use of a computerized decision support system (CDSS) in medication reviews. Design/methodology/approach: The paper employs a quasi-experimental, one-group pre-test/post-test design with three- and six-month follow-ups subsequent to the introduction of a CDSS. In total, 11 RNs initiated and prepared a total of 54 medication reviews. The outcome measures were the number of drug-related problems (DRPs) as reported by the CDSS and the RNs, respectively, the RNs’ views on the CDSS, and changes in the quality of drug treatment. Findings: The CDSS significantly indicated more DRPs than the RNs did, such as potential adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The RNs detected additional problems, outside the scope of the CDSS, such as lack of adherence. They considered the CDSS beneficial and wanted to continue using it. Only minor changes were found in the quality of drug treatments, with no significant changes in the drug-specific quality indicators (e.g. inappropriate drugs). However, the use of renally excreted drugs in reduced renal function decreased. Practical implications: The RNs’ use of a CDSS in medication reviews is of value in detecting potential ADRs and interactions. Yet, in order to have an impact on outcomes in the quality of drug treatment, further measures are needed. These may involve development of inter-professional collaboration, such as established procedures for the implementation of medication reviews, including the use of CDSS. Originality/value: This is, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the first study to explore the implications of medication reviews, initiated and prepared by RNs who use a CDSS. The paper adds further insight into the RNs’ role in relation to quality of drug treatments.
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| 9. |
- Martin, Lene, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Nurses' self-reported medication competence in relation to their pharmacovigilant activities in clinical practice
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Evaluation In Clinical Practice. - : Wiley. - 1356-1294 .- 1365-2753. ; 21:1, s. 145-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale, aims and objectivesAdverse drug reactions (ADRs) represent a major health problem and previous studies show that nurses can have an active role in promoting medication safety. The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate nurses' self-reported competence and pharmacovigilant activities in clinical practice and also to explore the impact of age, education, workplace and nursing experience on these matters.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was based on a questionnaire covering areas related to nurses' medication competence, including knowledge, assessment and information retrieval, and pharmacovigilant activities within these areas, for example, the detection and assessment of ADRs. A 45-item questionnaire was 2013 sent out to 296 nurses in different settings and counties in Sweden. They were selected on the basis of having applied to a university course including pharmacovigilance during 2008–2011. One hundred twenty-four had participated in the courses (exposed) and 172 had applied to the courses but not participated (unexposed).ResultsCompleted questionnaires were obtained from 75 exposed (60%) and 93 unexposed (54%) nurses. Overall nurses rated themselves high in medication competence but low in pharmacovigilant activities. Significant (P ≤ 0.001) differences between groups were observed regarding medication competence. The exposure of completed dedicated courses in pharmacovigilance was the strongest factor for self-reported medication competence when adjusted for age, other education, workplace and experience. No significant differences between the groups were found regarding the number of pharmacovigilant activities during the 6 months prior to answering the questionnaire.ConclusionDedicated university courses improved nurses' self-reported competence in pharmacovigilance but did not increase the number of related activities. Education per se seems to be not sufficient to generate pharmacovigilant activities among nurses.
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