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- Hedlund, J., et al.
(författare)
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Management of patients with community-acquired pneumonia treated in hospital in Sweden
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - 0036-5548. ; 34:12, s. 887-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate the management of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated in hospital in Sweden, a multicentre retrospective cohort study was performed with medical record review of 982 patients (mean age 63 y) at 17 departments of infectious diseases at hospitals in Sweden. Information on antimicrobial therapy, demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, physical examination findings, and laboratory and microbiological test results were recorded. Outcome measures were in-hospital mortality and length of hospital stay (LOS). Cultures were obtained from blood in 80% and from sputum in 22% of the patients. A microbiological aetiology was determined for 23% of the patients, with Streptococcus pneumoniae as the dominating agent (9%). The initial antibiotic treatment was mostly given intravenously (78%). Penicillin (50%) or a cephalosporin (30%) was the most common choice. Both of these drugs were usually given as a single agent. The overall mortality was 3.5% and the mean LOS was 6.4 d. Thus, the outcome was favourable despite the empirical antibiotic treatment having a narrow spectrum compared with the broader approach recommended in most recent guidelines on the management of CAP. These findings suggest that a majority of patients who are hospitalized with moderately severe pneumonia can be treated initially with penicillin alone.
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| 5. |
- Aurelius, E, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term valacyclovir suppressive treatment after herpes simplex virus type 2 meningitis: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1537-6591. ; 54:9, s. 1304-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a common cause of acute and recurrent aseptic meningitis. Our aim was to determine the impact of antiviral suppression on recurrence of meningitis and to delineate the full spectrum of neurological complications.One hundred and one patients with acute primary or recurrent HSV-2 meningitis were assigned to placebo (n = 51) or 0.5 g of valacyclovir twice daily (n = 50) for 1 year after initial treatment with 1 g of valacyclovir 3 times daily for 1 week in a prospective, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. The primary outcome was time until recurrence of meningitis. The patients were followed up for 2 years.The first year, no significant difference was found between the valacyclovir and placebo groups. The second year, without study drugs, the risk of recurrence of verified and probable HSV-2 meningitis was significantly higher among patients exposed to valacyclovir (hazard ratio, 3.29 [95% confidence interval, 10.06-10.21]). One-third of the patients experienced 1-4 meningitis episodes during the study period. A considerable morbidity rate, comprising symptoms from the central, peripheral, and autonomous nervous system, was found in both groups.Suppressive treatment with 0.5 g of valacyclovir twice daily was not shown to prohibit recurrent meningitis and cannot be recommended for this purpose after HSV meningitis in general. Protection against mucocutaneous lesions was observed, but the dosage was probably inappropriate for the prevention of HSV activation in the central nervous system. The higher frequency of meningitis, after cessation of active drug, could be interpreted as a rebound phenomenon.
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| 6. |
- Bjermer, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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Local and systemic effects of inhaled AZD9164 compared with tiotropium in patients with COPD
- 2013
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 107:1, s. 84-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is still a need for new agents which improve upon the therapeutic index of tiotropium, the current standard of care for many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We examined in patients with COPD the efficacy of single doses of AZD9164, an M3-selective muscarinic antagonist, to identify an appropriate dose-range for future studies. COPD patients (n = 28) inhaled AZD9164 (100, 400 and 1200 μg), tiotropium (18 μg) and placebo at 5 study centre visits (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00939211). The effects of these test drugs on average (Eav), peak (Emax) and trough (E22–26) forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were assessed, as were systemically-mediated effects and the safety and exposure of single doses of AZD9164. AZD9164 100, 400 and 1200 μg caused increases in FEV1 to peak effects of 12, 17 and 12% above baseline respectively, following an initial transient and dose-related fall in FEV1 and associated increase in mild respiratory symptoms such as cough. Bronchodilation was maintained overnight, with minimal FEV1 decline. AZD9164 400 and 1200 μg produced larger effects than tiotropium on E22–26 (p < 0.05; both doses) while AZD9164 400 μg also had larger effects on Emax (p = 0.001) and Eav (p < 0.05). There were no serious adverse events and statistically significant systemic effects were observed only with AZD9164 1200 μg. AZD9164 may improve upon the therapeutic index of tiotropium, increasing the magnitude and duration of lung function improvements without increasing systemically-mediated adverse events. The initial bronchoconstrictor effect of AZD9164 requires further investigation.
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