| 1. |
- Tobias, Deirdre K, et al.
(författare)
-
Second international consensus report on gaps and opportunities for the clinical translation of precision diabetes medicine
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - 1546-170X. ; 29:10, s. 2438-2457
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precision medicine is part of the logical evolution of contemporary evidence-based medicine that seeks to reduce errors and optimize outcomes when making medical decisions and health recommendations. Diabetes affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide, many of whom will develop life-threatening complications and die prematurely. Precision medicine can potentially address this enormous problem by accounting for heterogeneity in the etiology, clinical presentation and pathogenesis of common forms of diabetes and risks of complications. This second international consensus report on precision diabetes medicine summarizes the findings from a systematic evidence review across the key pillars of precision medicine (prevention, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis) in four recognized forms of diabetes (monogenic, gestational, type 1, type 2). These reviews address key questions about the translation of precision medicine research into practice. Although not complete, owing to the vast literature on this topic, they revealed opportunities for the immediate or near-term clinical implementation of precision diabetes medicine; furthermore, we expose important gaps in knowledge, focusing on the need to obtain new clinically relevant evidence. Gaps include the need for common standards for clinical readiness, including consideration of cost-effectiveness, health equity, predictive accuracy, liability and accessibility. Key milestones are outlined for the broad clinical implementation of precision diabetes medicine.
|
|
| 2. |
- Abbas, Aamer, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
Chemical images of marine bio-active compounds by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and transposed orthogonal partial least squares (T-OPLS)
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Analytica Chimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-2670 .- 1873-4324. ; 737, s. 37-44
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy combined with transposed Orthogonal Partial Least Squares (T-OPLS) was shown to produce chemical images of the natural antibacterial surface-active compound 1,1,3,3-tetrabromo-2-heptanone (TBH) on Bonnemaisonia hamifera. The use of gold colloids function-alised with the internal standard 4-mercapto-benzonitrile (MBN) made it possible to create images of the relative concentration of TBH over the surfaces. A gradient of TBH could be mapped over and in the close vicinity of the B. hamifera algal vesicles at the attomol/pixel level. T-OPLS produced a measure of the spectral correlation for each pixel of the hyperspectral images whilst not including spectral variation that was linearly independent of the target spectrum. In this paper we show the possibility to retrieve specific spectral information with a low magnitude in a complex matrix.
|
|
| 3. |
- Andersson, M, et al.
(författare)
-
NIR spectroscopy on moving solids using a scanning grating spectrometer - impact on multivariate process analysis
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-7439. ; 75:1, s. 1-11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of sample movement on spectral response during fiber probe diffuse reflectance near-infrared spectrometry (NIR) sampling was characterized. This is of central importance in Process Analytical Chemistry (PAC) and Process Analytical Technology (PAT). The incitement to this study was the observation of spectral artifacts during measurements of powder samples in process streams when using a mechanically scanning spectrometer. Artifacts appeared as momentary changes in the spectral response during acquisition of a scan. These transitions emanate from continuous replacement of the sample subfraction seen by the probe and are typical for turbid media where sample properties may vary locally with respect to scattering and/or absorption. The impact on qualitative and quantitative analysis using chemometric methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) regression was evaluated through experimental and theoretical simulations. It was generally found that spectra with the smallest residuals after projection onto the models came from non-moving samples or samples moving only slowly. It is shown that the magnitude of the spectral residuals is directly connected to the effective sample size, which relates both to sample speed as well as to the sample area presented to the probe. Implications for in-line/on-line process analysis of solids are discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 4. |
- Phelan, Suzanne, et al.
(författare)
-
One-year postpartum anthropometric outcomes in mothers and children in the LIFE-Moms lifestyle intervention clinical trials
- 2020
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 44, s. 57-68
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/objectives: Excess gestational weight gain (GWG) is a risk factor for maternal postpartum weight retention and excessive neonatal adiposity, especially in women with overweight or obesity. Whether lifestyle interventions to reduce excess GWG also reduce 12-month maternal postpartum weight retention and infant weight-for-length z score is unknown. Randomized controlled trials from the LIFE-Moms consortium investigated lifestyle interventions that began in pregnancy and tested whether there was benefit through 12 months on maternal postpartum weight retention (i.e., the difference in weight from early pregnancy to 12 months) and infant-weight-for-length z scores. Subjects/methods: In LIFE-Moms, women (N = 1150; 14.1 weeks gestation at enrollment) with overweight or obesity were randomized within each of seven trials to lifestyle intervention or standard care. Individual participant data were combined and analyzed using generalized linear mixed models with trial entered as a random effect. The 12-month assessment was completed by 83% (959/1150) of women and 84% (961/1150) of infants. Results: Compared with standard care, lifestyle intervention reduced postpartum weight retention (2.2 ± 7.0 vs. 0.7 ± 6.2 kg, respectively; difference of −1.6 kg (95% CI −2.5, −0.7; p = 0.0003); the intervention effect was mediated by reduction in excess GWG, which explained 22% of the effect on postpartum weight retention. Lifestyle intervention also significantly increased the odds (OR = 1.68 (95% CI, 1.26, 2.24)) and percentage of mothers (48.2% vs. 36.2%) at or below baseline weight at 12 months postpartum (yes/no) compared with standard care. There was no statistically significant treatment group effect on infant anthropometric outcomes at 12 months. Conclusions: Compared with standard care, lifestyle interventions initiated in pregnancy and focused on healthy eating, increased physical activity, and other behavioral strategies resulted in significantly less weight retention but similar infant anthropometric outcomes at 12 months postpartum in a large, diverse US population of women with overweight and obesity.
|
|
| 5. |
- Wehrli, Patrick M., et al.
(författare)
-
Exploring bacterial phenotypic diversity using factorial design and FTIR multivariate fingerprinting
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Chemometrics. - : John Wiley and Sons Ltd. - 0886-9383. ; 28:8, s. 681-686
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transmission Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were obtained from cultures of Staphylococcus aureus that were grown under sets of various environmental conditions enclosing ranges of potential conditions in wound sites. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether bacterial phenotypic diversity could be characterized by FTIR spectroscopy analyses of cultures of S.aureus grown under variable sets of environmental conditions. Designing experiments with full factorial design has shown to be a powerful way to explore an expectedly large array of phenotypic diversity of S.aureus. Various combinations of environmental conditions caused the bacteria to adapt their phenotype, which was assessed via FTIR spectral fingerprinting. Transmission FTIR spectroscopy was found to be superior to other vibrational spectroscopy techniques for this purpose because of its high sensitivity, reproducibility, and rapidity of analysis. The sample preparation presented was fundamental for reproducible results. Different spectral preprocessing methods were compared in combination with scaling methods to obtain distinguishable phenotypes in principal component analysis (PCA) models. Spectral preprocessing with combined filters, including standard normal variate transformation, Savitzky-Golay smoothing, and use of the first derivative in a PCA model with unit variance scaling, gave the most optimal clustering for the data in this study. Spectra obtained from each treatment group were found to have a unique FTIR profile with good reproducibility, and thus PCA resulted in full separation between all groups on three principal components. In conclusion, transmission FTIR spectroscopy in conjunction with design of experiment, and multivariate analysis are powerful tools to investigate phenotypic diversity of S.aureus. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
|
|
| 6. |
- Almstrand, Ann-Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
-
TOF-SIMS analysis of exhaled particles from patients with asthma and healthy controls.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: The European respiratory journal: official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 1399-3003 .- 0903-1936. ; 39:1, s. 59-66
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Particles in exhaled air (PEx) may reflect the composition of respiratory tract lining fluid (RTLF); thus, there is a need to assess their potential as sources of biomarkers for respiratory diseases. In the present study, we compared PEx from patients with asthma and controls using time-of-flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and multivariate analysis. Particles were collected using an instrument developed in-house. 15 nonsmoking subjects with physician-diagnosed asthma and 11 nonsmoking healthy controls performed 10 consecutive forced exhalations into the instrument. Particle concentrations were recorded and samples of particles collected on silicon plates were analysed by TOF-SIMS. Subjects with asthma exhaled significantly lower numbers of particles than controls (p=0.03) and the ratio of unsaturated to saturated phospholipids was significantly lower in samples from subjects with asthma (0.25 versus 0.35; p=0.036). Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis models showed good separation between both positive and negative spectra. Molecular ions from phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol, and protein fragments were found to discriminate the groups. We conclude that analysis of PEx is a promising method to examine the composition of RTLF. In the present explorative study, we could discriminate between subjects with asthma and healthy controls based on TOF-SIMS spectra from PEx.
|
|
| 7. |
- Bredberg, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparison of Exhaled Endogenous Particles from Smokers and Non-Smokers Using Multivariate Analysis
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Respiration. - : S. Karger AG. - 0025-7931 .- 1423-0356. ; 86:2, s. 135-142
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Smoking, along with many respiratory diseases, has been shown to induce airway inflammation and alter the composition of the respiratory tract lining fluid (RTLF). We have previously shown that the phospholipid and protein composition of particles in exhaled air (PEx) reflects that of RTLF. In this study, we hypothesized that the composition of PEx differs between smokers and non-smokers, reflecting inflammation in the airways. Objective: It was the aim of this study to identify differences in the phospholipid composition of PEx from smokers and non-smokers. Methods: PEx from 12 smokers and 13 non-smokers was collected using a system developed in-house. PEx was analysed using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and the mass spectral data were evaluated using multivariate analysis. Orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) was used to relate smoking status, lung function and pack years to the chemical composition of RTLF. The discriminating ions identified by OPLS were then used as explanatory variables in traditional regression analysis. Results: There was a clear discrimination between smokers and non-smokers according to the chemical composition, where phospholipids from smokers were protonated and sodiated to a larger extent. Poor lung function showed a strong association with higher response from all molecular phosphatidylcholine species in the samples. Furthermore, the accumulated amount of tobacco consumed was associated with variations in mass spectra, indicating a dose-response relationship. Conclusion: The chemical composition of PEx differs between smokers and nonsmokers, reflecting differences in the RTLF. The results from this study may suggest that the composition of RTLF is affected by smoking and may be of importance for lung function.
|
|
| 8. |
- Eliasson, Charlotte, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
Multivariate evaluation of doxorubicin surface-enhanced Raman spectra.
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy. - 1386-1425. ; 57:9, s. 1907-15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multivariate evaluation of surface-enhanced Raman spectra of doxorubicin in plasma was performed. In a principal component analysis (PCA) all spectral features were modelled into three principal components. The major variation of the data was shown to be the variation of doxorubicin Raman signal together with the doxorubicin fluorescence, whereas the variation due to plasma was of minor importance. It was also shown that the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements were independent on such factors as measurement occasion and silver colloids. The presented results show that with some improvements, quantification of doxorubicin directly in plasma could be possible.
|
|
| 9. |
- Forshed, J, et al.
(författare)
-
Herman Wold medal winners 2007-2009
- 2010
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CHEMOMETRICS. - : Wiley. - 0886-9383. ; 24:11-12, s. 635-635
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 10. |
- Johansson, J, et al.
(författare)
-
Time-resolved NIR/Vis spectroscopy for analysis of solids: Pharmaceutical tablets
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Applied Spectroscopy. - : SAGE Publications. - 1943-3530 .- 0003-7028. ; 56:6, s. 725-731
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Time-resolved spectroscopy in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) regions was used in a feasibility study for analysis of solid pharmaceuticals. The objective of the experiments was to study the interaction of light with pharmaceutical solids and to investigate the usefulness of the method as an analytical toot for spectroscopic analysis. In these experiments, a pulsed Ti:sapphire laser and white light generation in water was utilized to form a pulsed light source in the visible/NIR region. The light was focused onto the surface of tablets, and the transmitted light was detected by a time-resolving streak camera. Two types of measurements were performed. First, a spectrometer was put in front of the streak camera for spectral resolution. Secondly, the signal originating from different locations of the sample was collected. Time-resolved and wavelength/spatially resolved data were generated and compared for a number of different samples. The most striking result from the experiments is that the typical optical path length through a 3.5-mm-thick tablet is about 20-25 cm. This indicates very strong multiple scattering in these samples. Monte Carlo simulations and comparison with experimental data support very high scattering coefficients on the order of 500 cm(-1). Furthermore, the data evaluation shows that photons with a particular propagation time through the sample contain a higher chemical contrast than other propagation times or than steady-state information. In conclusion, time-resolved NIR spectroscopy yields more information about solid pharmaceutical samples than conventional steady-state spectroscopy.
|
|
