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- Tobias, Deirdre K, et al.
(författare)
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Second international consensus report on gaps and opportunities for the clinical translation of precision diabetes medicine
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - 1546-170X. ; 29:10, s. 2438-2457
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precision medicine is part of the logical evolution of contemporary evidence-based medicine that seeks to reduce errors and optimize outcomes when making medical decisions and health recommendations. Diabetes affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide, many of whom will develop life-threatening complications and die prematurely. Precision medicine can potentially address this enormous problem by accounting for heterogeneity in the etiology, clinical presentation and pathogenesis of common forms of diabetes and risks of complications. This second international consensus report on precision diabetes medicine summarizes the findings from a systematic evidence review across the key pillars of precision medicine (prevention, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis) in four recognized forms of diabetes (monogenic, gestational, type 1, type 2). These reviews address key questions about the translation of precision medicine research into practice. Although not complete, owing to the vast literature on this topic, they revealed opportunities for the immediate or near-term clinical implementation of precision diabetes medicine; furthermore, we expose important gaps in knowledge, focusing on the need to obtain new clinically relevant evidence. Gaps include the need for common standards for clinical readiness, including consideration of cost-effectiveness, health equity, predictive accuracy, liability and accessibility. Key milestones are outlined for the broad clinical implementation of precision diabetes medicine.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, M, et al.
(författare)
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NIR spectroscopy on moving solids using a scanning grating spectrometer - impact on multivariate process analysis
- 2005
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Ingår i: Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-7439. ; 75:1, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of sample movement on spectral response during fiber probe diffuse reflectance near-infrared spectrometry (NIR) sampling was characterized. This is of central importance in Process Analytical Chemistry (PAC) and Process Analytical Technology (PAT). The incitement to this study was the observation of spectral artifacts during measurements of powder samples in process streams when using a mechanically scanning spectrometer. Artifacts appeared as momentary changes in the spectral response during acquisition of a scan. These transitions emanate from continuous replacement of the sample subfraction seen by the probe and are typical for turbid media where sample properties may vary locally with respect to scattering and/or absorption. The impact on qualitative and quantitative analysis using chemometric methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) regression was evaluated through experimental and theoretical simulations. It was generally found that spectra with the smallest residuals after projection onto the models came from non-moving samples or samples moving only slowly. It is shown that the magnitude of the spectral residuals is directly connected to the effective sample size, which relates both to sample speed as well as to the sample area presented to the probe. Implications for in-line/on-line process analysis of solids are discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Johansson, J, et al.
(författare)
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Time-resolved NIR/Vis spectroscopy for analysis of solids: Pharmaceutical tablets
- 2002
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Ingår i: Applied Spectroscopy. - : SAGE Publications. - 1943-3530 .- 0003-7028. ; 56:6, s. 725-731
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Time-resolved spectroscopy in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) regions was used in a feasibility study for analysis of solid pharmaceuticals. The objective of the experiments was to study the interaction of light with pharmaceutical solids and to investigate the usefulness of the method as an analytical toot for spectroscopic analysis. In these experiments, a pulsed Ti:sapphire laser and white light generation in water was utilized to form a pulsed light source in the visible/NIR region. The light was focused onto the surface of tablets, and the transmitted light was detected by a time-resolving streak camera. Two types of measurements were performed. First, a spectrometer was put in front of the streak camera for spectral resolution. Secondly, the signal originating from different locations of the sample was collected. Time-resolved and wavelength/spatially resolved data were generated and compared for a number of different samples. The most striking result from the experiments is that the typical optical path length through a 3.5-mm-thick tablet is about 20-25 cm. This indicates very strong multiple scattering in these samples. Monte Carlo simulations and comparison with experimental data support very high scattering coefficients on the order of 500 cm(-1). Furthermore, the data evaluation shows that photons with a particular propagation time through the sample contain a higher chemical contrast than other propagation times or than steady-state information. In conclusion, time-resolved NIR spectroscopy yields more information about solid pharmaceutical samples than conventional steady-state spectroscopy.
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| 5. |
- Josefson, Lennart, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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BENCHMARK STUDY OF WELDING DEFORMATIONS IN STIFFENED PLATE
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering - OMAE. ; 3
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fabrication of ship hulls involves welding operations, one typical operation is fillet welding of stiffeners to plates (panels) a so-called T-joint. The residual stresses from the welding process will influence the fatigue life of the structure, and residual deformations will increase the risk for buckling of the panel and give poor fabrication tolerances which may complicate the assembly of a built-up structure. Though this weld geometry has been frequently studied in the literature both experimentally and numerically, the focus has been on the residual stress field and if residual deformations are studied, the angular distortion and the typical V-shape seen in the welded plate (panel) are reported. This benchmark focusses on the residual shape after two-pass fillet welding of a stiffener to a plate (T-joint and the influence of the constraints used during welding. The information of the full welding residual deformations may be useful for the fabrication of larger complex welded structures. The benchmark study clearly shows that careful consideration is needed when defining a reference plane for comparison of resulting deformations from FE-simulations and from experiments as well as good documentation of the actual boundary conditions and steps carried after the completion of the welding and before measuring residual deformations. The FE-simulations have shown that it is difficult to obtain the full antisymmetric, twisted shape of the plate as measured in the experiments, although a trend similar to the experiments can be seen as the plate tends to move upwards at the end of each weld pass, i.e a slight influence of the weld pass direction.
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| 6. |
- Josefson, Lennart, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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LOAD CAPACITY OF SANDWICH PANEL WITH CORE FOAM EVALUATED BY 3-POINT BENDING TEST
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering - OMAE. ; 3
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The classification society Bureau Veritas requires a structural assessment of composite materials structures to confirm the compliance with applicable rules, like 3-point bending tests. However, for sandwich panels with a low-density foam core, local phenomena like indentation and wrinkling may occur in the upper face sheet at the loading punch, thus the intended load capacity of the sandwich panel will not be reached. It is then proposed to perform complementary shear tests to capture the behaviour of the core of the sandwich panel. In the present paper, the load capacity in a 3-point bending test is simulated with emphasis on the influence of the constitutive modelling of the core foam, as calibrated against experimental results for shear tests. It is carried out as a benchmark exercise, with participation from three universities. The FE-simulations show that the shear test can be used to accurately model the load capacity of the core foam. However, for the 3-point bending test using specimen with a very high panel length/thickness ratio a large part of the load transfer is done in the upper face sheet with less involvement of shear in the core. Although core fracture is observed in the experiments, both the FE-simulated and experimentally found maximum load agree well with the load capacity as determined from analytical formula for local failure in the upper face sheet. The FE-simulated vertical displacement at maximum load differs though.
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| 8. |
- Phelan, Suzanne, et al.
(författare)
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One-year postpartum anthropometric outcomes in mothers and children in the LIFE-Moms lifestyle intervention clinical trials
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 44, s. 57-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/objectives: Excess gestational weight gain (GWG) is a risk factor for maternal postpartum weight retention and excessive neonatal adiposity, especially in women with overweight or obesity. Whether lifestyle interventions to reduce excess GWG also reduce 12-month maternal postpartum weight retention and infant weight-for-length z score is unknown. Randomized controlled trials from the LIFE-Moms consortium investigated lifestyle interventions that began in pregnancy and tested whether there was benefit through 12 months on maternal postpartum weight retention (i.e., the difference in weight from early pregnancy to 12 months) and infant-weight-for-length z scores. Subjects/methods: In LIFE-Moms, women (N = 1150; 14.1 weeks gestation at enrollment) with overweight or obesity were randomized within each of seven trials to lifestyle intervention or standard care. Individual participant data were combined and analyzed using generalized linear mixed models with trial entered as a random effect. The 12-month assessment was completed by 83% (959/1150) of women and 84% (961/1150) of infants. Results: Compared with standard care, lifestyle intervention reduced postpartum weight retention (2.2 ± 7.0 vs. 0.7 ± 6.2 kg, respectively; difference of −1.6 kg (95% CI −2.5, −0.7; p = 0.0003); the intervention effect was mediated by reduction in excess GWG, which explained 22% of the effect on postpartum weight retention. Lifestyle intervention also significantly increased the odds (OR = 1.68 (95% CI, 1.26, 2.24)) and percentage of mothers (48.2% vs. 36.2%) at or below baseline weight at 12 months postpartum (yes/no) compared with standard care. There was no statistically significant treatment group effect on infant anthropometric outcomes at 12 months. Conclusions: Compared with standard care, lifestyle interventions initiated in pregnancy and focused on healthy eating, increased physical activity, and other behavioral strategies resulted in significantly less weight retention but similar infant anthropometric outcomes at 12 months postpartum in a large, diverse US population of women with overweight and obesity.
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