| 1. |
- Josefsson, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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Continuation rates of oral hormonal contraceptives in a cohort of first-time users : a population-based registry study, Sweden 2005–2010
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 3:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate if continuation rates in first-time users of oral hormonal contraceptives differed between different formulations and to measure if the rates were related to the prescribing categories, that is, physicians and midwives.Design: A longitudinal national population-based registry study.Setting: The Swedish prescribed drug register.Participants: All women born between 1977 and 1994 defined as first-time users of hormonal contraceptives from 2007 to 2009 (n=226211).Main outcome measures: A tendency to switch the type of hormonal contraceptive within 6months use and repeated dispensation identical to the first were estimated as percentages and relative risks (RRs). Physicians' and midwives' prescription patterns concerning the women's continuation rates of oral hormonal contraceptive type.Results: In Sweden, there were 782375 women born between 1977 and 1994 at the time of the study. Of these, 226211 women were identified as first-time users of hormonal contraceptives. Ethinylestradiol+levonorgestrel, desogestrel-only and ethinylestradiol+drospirenone were the hormonal contraceptives most commonly dispensed to first-time users at rates of 43.3%, 24.4% and 11.1%, respectively. The overall rate of switching contraceptive types in the first 6months was 11.3%, which was highest for desogestrel-only (14.3%) and lowest for ethinylestradiol+drospirenone (6.6%). The switching rate for all three products was highest in the 16-year to 19-year age group. Having a repeated dispensation identical to the initial dispensation was highest for users of ethinylestradiol either combined with levonorgestrel or drospirenone, 81.4% and 81.2%, respectively, whereas this rate for the initial desogestrel-only users was 71.5%. The RR of switching of contraceptive type within the first 6months was 1.35 (95% CI 1.32 to 1.39) for desogestrel-only and 0.63 (0.59 to 0.66) for ethinylestradiol+drospirenone compared with ethinylestradiol+levonorgestrel as the reference category. There were no differences in the women's continuation rates depending on the prescriber categories.Conclusions: Desogestrel-only users conferred the highest switcher rate to another hormonal contraceptive within a 6-month period. Users of ethinylestradiol+levonorgestrel were more prone to switch to another product within 6months than women using ethinylestradiol+drospirenone. These findings may be of clinical importance when tailoring hormonal contraceptives on an individual basis.
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| 2. |
- Josefsson, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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Risk for congenital malformations in offspring of women who have undergone bariatric surgery. A national cohort
- 2013
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Ingår i: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1470-0328 .- 1471-0528. ; 120:12, s. 1477-1482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveTo study the risk for congenital anomalies in the first child of women after bariatric surgery compared with all other women giving birth to their first child and divided by maternal body mass index (BMI) groups.DesignProspective, population-based register study.SettingSweden.SampleAll firstborn children to women born 1973–83 were studied to determine if they had a congenital anomaly and a mother who had undergone bariatric surgery before pregnancy.MethodsA total of 270 805 firstborns; of which 341 had mothers who had had bariatric surgery before delivery. We retrieved information on the women's marital or cohabitation status, smoking, BMI, diabetes and hypertension during pregnancy.Main outcome measuresCongenital malformations.ResultsOf the firstborn children to mothers who had had bariatric surgery before pregnancy, 4.1% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.2–6.0) were malformed compared with 3.4% (95% CI 3.3–3.5) of those whose mothers had not undergone bariatric surgery. The risk for congenital malformation in firstborn children increased with increasing maternal BMI. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for congenital malformation among children whose mothers' BMI ranged between 25 and 29 kg/m2 was 1.09 (95% CI 1.03–1.15), whose mothers' BMI ranged between 30 and 34 kg/m2 was 1.14 (1.05–1.24) and whose mothers' BMI was ≥35 kg/m2 was 1.30 (95% CI 1.16–1.45) compared with those whose mothers had a normal BMI. Bariatric surgery before pregnancy did not have any effect on the odds ratio for having congenital malformation (OR = 1.09, 95% CI 0.63–1.91).ConclusionsPreconception bariatric surgery does not seem to affect the risk for congenital malformations but a high to very high BMI does appear to increase the risk.
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| 3. |
- Lilliecreutz, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Mental disorders and risk factors among pregnant women with depressive symptoms in Sweden : A case-control study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 100:6, s. 1068-1074
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Identification of pregnant women suffering from depression or other mental disorders is a challenge for antenatal caregivers. The purpose of this case-control study was to describe mental disorders and the risk factors for mental disorders in women with depressive symptoms assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale during the first trimester and to compare them with pregnant women without depressive symptoms. Material and methods In total, 2271 women answered the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at the first antenatal visit with a midwife. An Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score of 13 or higher was considered to be screen-positive and these women were further assessed. Screen-negative pregnant women, matched for age and parity, were chosen as controls. Results In total, 149 (6.6%) women were found to be screen-positive. The majority (126, 85%) had at least one mental disorder or risk factor for mental disorder, such as depression (36.0%), anxiety (14.8%), or severe fear of childbirth (20.8%). The screen-positive women were more often smokers (16.1% vs 1.3%), unemployed (19.9% vs 1.3%), or on sick leave (25.3% vs 14.1%) during pregnancy and more often used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor during pregnancy (14.2% vs 2.7%) compared with the screen-negative women (P<.001). Among the screen-negative women (n = 150) only three (2%) presented with symptoms of depression during pregnancy. Conclusions The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale seems to be a valuable screening tool to detect depressive symptoms as well as other mental disorders during early pregnancy.
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| 4. |
- Lindberg, Malou, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in prescription rates and odds ratios of antidepressant drugs in relation to individual hormonal contraceptives: A nationwide population-based study with age-specific analyses
- 2012
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Ingår i: European journal of contraception & reproductive health care. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1362-5187 .- 1473-0782. ; 17:2, s. 106-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To examine, among young women, the association of individual hormonal contraceptives, within two broad groupings, with antidepressant therapy. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods In a nationwide register-based study, we examined the prescription rates of antidepressant drugs in relation to individual combined hormonal and progestin-only contraceptives among Swedish women aged 16-31 years (N = 917,993). Drug data were obtained from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register for the period 1 July 2005-30 June 2008. Data on the total population of women aged 16-31 in 2008 were obtained from the Total Population Register of Statistics Sweden. The proportion of women using both hormonal contraception and antidepressants, and odds ratios (ORs) for antidepressant use for hormonal contraceptive users versus non-users, were calculated, the latter by logistic regression, for each formulation. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults The highest antidepressant OR in all age groups, particularly in the 16-19 years age group, related to medroxyprogesterone-only, followed by etonogestrel-only, levonorgestrel-only and ethinylestradiol/norelgestromin formulations. Oral contraceptives containing ethinylestradiol combined with lynestrenol or drospirenone had considerably higher ORs than other pills. ORs significantly lower than 1 were observed when ethinylestradiol was combined with norethisterone, levonorgestrel or desogestrel. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusion The association between use of hormonal contraceptives and antidepressant drugs varies considerably within both the combined hormonal contraceptive and the progestin-only groups.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Sarberg, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Restless legs syndrome during and after pregnancy and its relation to snoring
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Informa Healthcare / Wiley-Blackwell. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 91:7, s. 850-855
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To study development of restless legs syndrome (RLS) during and after pregnancy, and whether RLS is related to snoring or other pregnancy-related symptoms. Design. Prospective study. Setting. Antenatal care clinics in the catchment area of Linkoping university hospital, Sweden. Population. Five hundred consecutively recruited pregnant women. Methods. Sleep disturbances, including symptoms of RLS and snoring, were assessed with questionnaires in each trimester. A complementary questionnaire was sent three years after delivery to women experiencing symptoms of RLS during pregnancy. Main outcome measures. Symptoms of RLS in relation to snoring in each trimester. Results. Symptoms of RLS were reported by 17.0% of the women in the first trimester, by 27.1% in the second trimester and by 29.6% in the third trimester. Snoring in the first trimester was correlated to increased prevalence of RLS in all three trimesters (p= 0.003, 0.017 and 0.044 in the first, second and third trimester, respectively). No correlation was found between RLS and anemia, parity or body mass index. Among the women who experienced RLS, 31% still had symptoms three years after delivery. Fifty-eight per cent of those whose symptoms had disappeared stated that this happened within one month after delivery. Conclusions. Symptoms of RLS progressed most between the first and second trimester. Women who snored in the first or second trimester of pregnancy had a higher prevalence of RLS in the third trimester, which indicates that snoring in early pregnancy might predict RLS later. Symptoms of RLS disappear quite soon after delivery, but about one-third of women with RLS during pregnancy may still have symptoms three years after childbirth.
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| 7. |
- Sarberg, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Snoring during pregnancy and its relation to sleepiness and pregnancy outcome - a prospective study
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2393 .- 1471-2393. ; 14:15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The incidence of snoring and sleepiness is known to increase during pregnancy, and this might impact maternal health and obstetric outcome. However, the association between snoring and sleepiness during pregnancy is not fully understood. This study was aimed at investigating the development of snoring during pregnancy and prospectively assessing if there is an association between snoring and sleepiness or adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preeclampsia, mode of delivery, and fetal complications. Methods: Consecutively recruited pregnant women (n = 500) received a questionnaire concerning snoring and sleep at the 1st and 3rd trimester of pregnancy. The women who had rated their frequency of snoring at both occasions (n = 340) were divided into subgroups according to the development of snoring they reported and included in the subsequent analyses. Additional medical data were collected from the medical records. Results: The frequency of snoring was 7.9% in the 1st trimester and increased to 21.2% in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. The women who snored already in early pregnancy had significantly higher baseline BMI (p = 0.001) than the women who never snored, but snoring was not associated with the magnitude of weight gain during pregnancy. Snoring women were more likely to experience edema in late pregnancy than the non-snorers. Women who started to snore during pregnancy had higher Epworth Sleepiness Scores than the non snorers in both early and late pregnancy. No significant association between obstetric outcome and snoring was found. Conclusion: Snoring does increase during pregnancy, and this increase is associated with sleepiness, higher BMI at the start of pregnancy and higher prevalence of edema, but not with weight gain.
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| 8. |
- Wiréhn, Ann-Britt, et al.
(författare)
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Use of hormonal contraceptives in relation to antidepressant therapy: A nationwide population-based study
- 2010
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Ingår i: European journal of contraception & reproductive health care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1362-5187 .- 1473-0782. ; 15:1, s. 41-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The relation between the use of different hormonal contraceptives and antidepressant therapy was investigated. METHODS: In a nationwide cross-sectional study among all women in Sweden aged 16-31, drug expenditure data on hormonal contraceptives and antidepressants were obtained from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Odds ratios (ORs) for antidepressant use were calculated by logistic regression for progestin-only users versus non-users as well as for combined hormonal contraceptive (CHC) users versus non-users. RESULTS: In the study population (N = 917,993), 58.9% were hormonal contraceptive users, and 8.5% were antidepressant users. The age-pattern for antidepressant ORs differed between the two types of users of contraceptives; progestin-only users had significant ORs above 1 in all age groups whereas among CHC users the OR was above 1 solely in those aged 16-19. The largest difference between types of users was seen in the age group 16-19 in which women resorting to a progestin-only contraceptive had a 67% (95% confidence interval: 57- 78%) higher antidepressant use than women treated with a CHC. CONCLUSION: Progestin-only contraceptive users resorted to antidepressants more than users of CHCs. This phenomenon is particularly pronounced among teenagers. Therefore, special attention should be given to young women's mental history when prescribing hormonal contraceptives and vice versa: the contraceptive history should be taken into account when prescribing antidepressants.
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| 9. |
- Wolgast, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Drug use in pregnant women-a pilot study of the coherence between reported use of drugs and presence of drugs in plasma
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - : Springer. - 0031-6970 .- 1432-1041. ; 74:4, s. 535-539
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, information on drug use during pregnancy is obtained through an interview and recorded in a standardized medical record at every visit to the antenatal care clinic throughout the pregnancy. Antenatal, delivery, and neonatal records constitute the basis for the Swedish Medical Birth Register (MBR). The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the reliability of reported drug use by simultaneous screening for drug substances in the blood stream of the pregnant woman and thereby validate self-reported data in the MBR. Plasma samples from 200 women were obtained at gestational weeks 10-12 and 25 and screened for drugs by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TOF-MS). The results from the analysis were then compared to medical records. At the first sampling occasion, the drugs found by screening had been reported by 86% of the women and on the second sampling, 85.5%. Missed reported information was clearly associated with drugs for occasional use. The most common drugs in plasma taken in early and mid-pregnancy were meclizine and paracetamol. Two types of continuously used drugs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and propranolol, were used. All women using them reported it and the drug screening revealed a 100% coherence. This study shows good coherence between reported drug intake and the drugs found in plasma samples, which in turn positively validates the MBR.
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| 10. |
- Abu-Elyazeed, R R, et al.
(författare)
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Safety and immunogenicity of a glycoprotein D genital herpes vaccine in healthy girls 10-17 years of age : results from a randomised, controlled, double-blind trial
- 2013
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Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-410X .- 1873-2518. ; 31:51, s. 6136-6143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The investigational AS04-adjuvanted herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) glycoprotein D (gD2) subunit prophylactic vaccine ('HSV vaccine'; GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines) has been shown to be well tolerated in adults, but limited data exist for pre-teen and adolescent girls, a likely target population. The primary objective of this study was to compare the occurrence of serious adverse events (SAEs) over 12 months between HSV vaccine recipients and saline recipients (placebo control group) in pre-teen and adolescent girls. The immunogenicity of the HSV vaccine was also assessed.METHODS: Healthy girls aged 10-17 years, stratified by age (10-15 years; 16-17 years), were randomised 2:1:1 to receive the HSV vaccine, a hepatitis A vaccine (Havrix™; HAV control) or placebo (saline) according to a 0-, 1-, 6-month schedule. Participants and study personnel not involved in the preparation or administration of vaccines were blinded to treatment. Safety and immunogenicity analyses were performed overall and by age (10-15 years; 16-17 years) and HSV serostatus.RESULTS: No statistically significant difference in the percentage of subjects with SAEs was observed between the HSV and saline group, or between the HSV and pooled control (HAV and saline) groups. The HSV vaccine was well tolerated, although a higher incidence of solicited local symptoms was observed in the HSV group than in the control group. Neither age nor HSV serostatus at the time of study entry had an impact on the safety profile of this vaccine. The HSV vaccine was immunogenic regardless of pre-vaccination HSV serostatus. Higher anti-gD geometric mean concentrations were observed in HSV-1 seropositive participants than in HSV-1 seronegative participants.CONCLUSION: The HSV vaccine had an acceptable safety profile, and was well tolerated and immunogenic when administered to girls aged 10-17 years regardless of age or HSV pre-vaccination serostatus.
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