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- Daxecker, Ursula, et al.
(författare)
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Electoral contention and violence (ECAV): A new dataset
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Peace Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-3433 .- 1460-3578. ; 56:5, s. 714-723
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © The Author(s) 2019. Recent elections in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Iraq, Kenya, Nigeria, and Pakistan have displayed substantial contestation and violence. A growing literature explores the causes and consequences of electoral contention and violence, but researchers lack comprehensive, disaggregated data establishing a substantive link between elections and violence. The Electoral Contention and Violence (ECAV) dataset conceptualizes electoral contention as nonviolent or violent events of contestation by state or non-state actors related to national elections. The data contain more than 18,000 events of election-related contention covering 136 countries holding competitive national elections between 1990 and 2012. This article describes the scope of ECAV, presents the project’s definition of electoral contention and the variables included, and outlines the coding procedure. We then compare ECAV to other datasets on electoral contention. Cross-national and subnational analyses of electoral competition and violence show that the data are useful for assessing the global and subnational implications of existing theories. ECAV addresses current data limitations by focusing on election-related contention, by using clear criteria to determine whether events are election-related, and by identifying the timing, geocoded location, and actors involved.
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| 2. |
- Daxecker, U, et al.
(författare)
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Mixing Votes with Violence: Election Violence around the World
- 2018
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Ingår i: SAIS Review of International Affairs. - : Project Muse. - 1945-4716 .- 1945-4724. ; 38:1, s. 53-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Elections are now held in almost every country in the world. Yet the introduction of electoral processes in developing countries has led to a mix of voting and violence rather than the establishment of peace and stability, as violence in recent elections in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Kenya, and Zimbabwe illustrates. Develop- ing countries display various forms of violence closely linked to elections, such as incumbents intimidating opposition candidates and voters, armed groups using violence to disrupt electoral processes, or rioting between the supporters of opposing political parties. Until recently, a lack of globally available data complicated efforts to properly describe and understand election violence. This paper uses disaggregated event data from the Electoral Contention and Violence (ECAV) dataset to provide a global, post-Cold War assessment of election violence in the developing world. We first present a descriptive assessment, beginning with temporal and regional patterns, which show that most election violence occurs in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. We then examine timing, election type, electoral systems, and the actors and targets of election violence. Second, we probe the link between armed conflict and election violence. Violent elections in countries such as Afghanistan or Iraq highlight the challenges of holding elections during civil war, yet existing research has not been able to assess to what extent election violence takes place inside or out- side of ongoing armed conflict. We conclude our systematic assessment of election violence with implications for scholarship and policy.
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| 3. |
- Jung, Alexander, 1991
(författare)
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Depoliticisation through employability: entanglements between European migration and development interventions in Tunisia
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1369-183X .- 1469-9451. ; 48:19, s. 4811-4828
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accompanied by public demands to reduce migration by creating perspectives 'at home', employability projects have become an important component of migration and development policies. While research has revealed the sedentarism underlying these policies and questioned the effectiveness thereof, more recent work has found that stakeholders are, in fact, aware of the potential increase of migration. However, contrary to analyses that hold that such interventions are carried out because they meet the different interests of both migration and development actors, this paper argues that migration and development interventions are mutually implicated. Examining European employability projects in Tunisia and drawing on interviews with representatives of donors and implementing organisations as well as policy documents, this paper argues that employability activities operate through twofold depoliticised logics. Whereas the focus on employability enables isolating migration from politicised debates across Europe, these interventions promote depoliticised logics of neoliberal selectivity. In centring skills in these interventions, some subjects are rendered employable for the Tunisian and, potentially, European labour market. Others, in turn, are excluded from the participation in migration and development due to a lack of sought-after skills.
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| 4. |
- Jung, Alexander, 1991
(författare)
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Depoliticisation through employability: entanglements between European migration and development interventions in Tunisia
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. - 1369-183X .- 1469-9451. ; 48:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accompanied by public demands to reduce migration by creating perspectives ‘at home’, employability projects have become an important component of migration and development policies. While research has revealed the sedentarism underlying these policies and questioned the effectiveness thereof, more recent work has found that stakeholders are, in fact, aware of the potential increase of migration. However, contrary to analyses that hold that such interventions are carried out because they meet the different interests of both migration and development actors, this paper argues that migration and development interventions are mutually implicated. Examining European employability projects in Tunisia and drawing on interviews with representatives of donors and implementing organisations as well as policy documents, this paper argues that employability activities operate through twofold depoliticised logics. Whereas the focus on employability enables isolating migration from politicised debates across Europe, these interventions promote depoliticised logics of neoliberal selectivity. In centring skills in these interventions, some subjects are rendered employable for the Tunisian and, potentially, European labour market. Others, in turn, are excluded from the participation in migration and development due to a lack of sought-after skills.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Jung, Alexander, 1991
(författare)
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Working towards Modernity. Migration and Skills Development at the Frontiers of Racial Capitalism in Tunisia
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the wake of the political salience of migration, projects that target employability and/or entrepreneurial thinking have become important components of European development interventions that address ‘irregular’ migration in Tunisia and elsewhere in recent years. Working towards Modernity investigates the rationales behind and consequences of such skills development projects. To this end, this dissertation draws on interviews with donors and implementing organisations as well as documents to analyse the implementation of fifteen skills development projects funded by European donors in Tunisia. In doing so, this dissertation reveals that these projects do not simply aim to prevent Tunisian migration. Instead, being aware of the limitations of using development to reduce migration, stakeholders promote an individualised idea of development in Tunisia and hold out the prospect of selective mobilities to Europe. More specifically, these projects circulate ideologies of (soft) skills and work ethic as signifiers of modernity. These allow for striking a balance between demands to prevent migration, which have shaped European political and public debates, and the interests of private companies in their search for labour and new markets. In unpacking the material and ideological interests underpinning these projects, this dissertation argues that migration and development interventions reproduce structures of racial capitalism. This involves an articulation of race that drives calls to exclude racialised subjects as well as capitalism’s reliance on the reproduction of racialised hierarchies. Yet, given that Europe needs to uphold a liberal self-image, (soft) skills and work ethic ideologies become important signifiers of modernity that exclude subjects on the grounds of seemingly apolitical market logics. Ultimately, these projects reproduce Europe as a self-proclaimed container of modernity that is committed to liberal values and maintain a racialised liberal order which extends rights to a few selected subjects, while denying them to most others.
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