| 1. |
- Astor, Kim, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal postpartum depression impacts infants' joint attention differentially across cultures
- 2022
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Ingår i: Developmental Psychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0012-1649 .- 1939-0599. ; 58:12, s. 2230-2238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We assessed whether the negative association between maternal postpartum depression (PPD) and infants’ development of joint attention (gaze following) generalizes from WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) to Majority World contexts. The study was conducted in Bhutan (N = 105, M = 278 days, 52% males) but also draws from publicly available Swedish data (N = 113, M = 302 days, 49% males). We demonstrate that Bhutanese and Swedish infants’ development follows the same trajectory. However, Bhutanese infants’ gaze following were not related to maternal PPD, which the Swedish infants’ were. The results support the notion that there are protecting factors built into the interdependent family model. Despite all the benefits of being raised in a modern welfare state, it seems like Swedish infants, to an extent, are more vulnerable to maternal mental health than Bhutanese infants.
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| 2. |
- Bakker, Marta, et al.
(författare)
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The neural basis of non-verbal communication - enhanced processing of perceived give-me gestures in 9-month-old girls
- 2015
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 6, s. 59-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the neural basis of non-verbal communication. Event-related potentials were recorded while 29 nine-month-old infants were presented with a give me gesture (experimental condition) and the same hand shape but rotated 90 degrees, resulting in a non-communicative hand configuration (control condition). We found different responses in amplitude between the two conditions, captured in the P400 ERR component. Moreover, the size of this effect was modulated by participants' sex, with girls generally demonstrating a larger relative difference between the two conditions than boys.
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| 3. |
- Gredebäck, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Action Prediction Allows Hypothesis Testing via Internal Forward Models at 6 Months of Age
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose that action prediction provides a cornerstone in a learning process known as internal forward models. According to this suggestion infants' predictions (looking to the mouth of someone moving a spoon upward) will moments later be validated or proven false (spoon was in fact directed toward a bowl), information that is directly perceived as the distance between the predicted and actual goal. Using an individual difference approach we demonstrate that action prediction correlates with the tendency to react with surprise when social interactions are not acted out as expected (action evaluation). This association is demonstrated across tasks and in a large sample (n = 118) at 6 months of age. These results provide the first indication that infants might rely on internal forward models to structure their social world. Additional analysis, consistent with prior work and assumptions from embodied cognition, demonstrates that the latency of infants' action predictions correlate with the infant's own manual proficiency.
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| 4. |
- Juvrud, Joshua, et al.
(författare)
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An embodied account of teleological processes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Developmental Science. - : WILEY. - 1363-755X .- 1467-7687. ; 23:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We emphasize a need for more research and propose our own theoretical framework, the embodied account of teleological processes, to try to explain the inconsistencies in the teleological stance literature and fill the gap in the teleological framework.
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| 5. |
- Juvrud, Joshua, et al.
(författare)
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Attention during Visual Preference Tasks : Relation to Caregiving and Face Recognition
- 2019
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Ingår i: Infancy. - : WILEY. - 1525-0008 .- 1532-7078. ; 24:3, s. 356-367
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research examined how caregiver experience (female primary caregiver or distributed caregiving with mom and dad) influenced 10-, 14-, and 16-month-olds' visual preferences and attention toward internal facial features of female-male face pairs, and how these behaviors related to novelty preferences in a face recognition task and speed and accuracy on a visual search task. In the visual preference task, infants visually preferred male faces, regardless of caregiver experience. Despite similarities in visual preferences, infants' attention toward females and males' internal facial features was related for infants with distributed caregiving only. Infants' performance across face processing tasks most often correlated for those with female primary caregivers. Results further our understanding of how infants with female primary caregivers display specialized processing of female faces, and how infants with distributed caregiving show similarities in their attention to female and male facial features.
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| 6. |
- Juvrud, Joshua, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Context dependent perception of apparent motion in 12-month-old infants and adults
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - 2045-2322.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The current study examines if 12-month-old infants and adults perceptions of apparent motion stimuli are context dependent by measuring sensitivity to possible and impossible apparent motion performed by a human figure. In Study 1, infants and adults viewed an apparent motion stimulus comprising of an arm moving from one side of a leg to the other. Results showed that both infants and adults reacted with larger pupil dilation when observing an impossible apparent motion, that is, larger pupil dilation when it appears that a hand passed through the leg as opposed to moving around the leg. Study 2 found no such effect when 12-month-old infants observed an object control stimulus with perceptually similar properties. These findings suggest that apparent motion perception is context dependent and that the constraints of the human body and human actions are taken into account when perceiving rapidly changing static images as fluid motion.
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| 7. |
- Juvrud, Joshua, et al.
(författare)
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Game or watch: The effect of interactivity on arousal and engagement in video game media
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Games. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2475-1502. ; 14:2, s. 308-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined arousal and engagement during video game play for interactive players and passive spectators who watched a recording of gameplay. We examined interactive (on-line) and non-interactive (off-line) events in the game design. We collected psychophysiological data (eye movements, pupil dilation, heart rate) and self-reported measures (general anxiety, game experience, levels of fear). Overall, playing the game was associated with general increases in heart rate and a significant increase in the mean fixations distance. During Off-line events, players and spectators showed similar levels of arousal as indicated by pupil dilation. During on-line events, however, players showed increased pupil dilation more so than someone who is watching the exact event without interactive control. These findings suggest that both players and spectators show increases in arousal and engagement, but there is a unique level of arousal and engagement for interactive play, as indicated by changes in heart rate and eye tracking metrics. We discuss the application of the psychophysiological findings to recent trends in consumer media such as Twitch and YouTube, as well as the importance for game design, as it relates to human behavior.
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| 8. |
- Juvrud, Joshua, et al.
(författare)
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High quality social environment buffers infants’ cognitive development from poor maternal mental health : Evidence from a study in Bhutan
- 2022
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Ingår i: Developmental Science. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1363-755X .- 1467-7687. ; 25:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Poor maternal mental health negatively impacts cognitive development from infancy to childhood, affecting both behavior and brain architecture. In a non-western context (Thimphu, Bhutan), we demonstrate that culturally-moderated factors such as family, community social support, and enrichment may buffer and scaffold the development of infant cognition when maternal mental health is poor. We used eye-tracking to measure early building blocks of cognition: attention regulation and social perception, in 9-month-old Bhutanese infants (N = 121). The cognitive development of Bhutanese infants in richer social environments was buffered from poor maternal mental health, while for infants in environments with lower rates of protective social environment factors, worse maternal mental health significantly predicted greater costs for infant attention, a fundamental building block cognition. International policies and interventions geared to improve maternal mental health and child health outcomes should incorporate each regions’ unique family, cultural, and community support structures.
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| 9. |
- Juvrud, Joshua, et al.
(författare)
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How infants view the world: The functional role of emotional context and maternal affect
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Ingår i: Developmental Science. - 1363-755X .- 1467-7687.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Individual differences in their emotional context may differentially impact infants’ ability to selectively encode and learn from their environment. The current study takes an integrative approach in considering three emotional contexts that have independently been found to modulate infants’ allocation of selective attention: maternal negative affect, infant temperament, and an emotional face prime (the mother and a stranger’s face). The study looked at the effects of that these contexts had on 9-month-old infants’ performance on a subsequent eye-tracking visual search task. Results revealed that infants were faster to find the target after viewing their mother’s angry face or a fearful face, regardless of familiarity. When the mother reported high negative affect, infants’ visual search performance was increasingly impacted by a fearful face, resulting in significantly faster visual search times. The findings demonstrate that both immediate emotional face prime and the mother’s negative affect have the capacity to influence what infants attend to and consequently influence their processing of information in their environment.
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| 10. |
- Juvrud, Joshua, et al.
(författare)
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"I Don't Need Help" : Gender Differences in how Gender Stereotypes Predict Help-Seeking
- 2017
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Ingår i: Sex Roles. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0360-0025 .- 1573-2762. ; 76:1-2, s. 27-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although self-report and correlational studies suggest that gender stereotypes are related to men's health behavior, particularly in relation to seeking help, there is minimal research that has tested this hypothesis experimentally. The present study examined how two stereotype pathways, personally endorsed gender stereotypes and gender stereotyped attitudes, predicted help-seeking behavior among U.S. undergraduate women (n = 68) and men (n = 72) when they worked on challenging puzzles and recalled previous health help-seeking behavior for physical or psychological problems. Results revealed gender and domain differences in how the two pathways predicted help-seeking. For the puzzle tasks, both attitudinally and personally endorsed gender stereotypes predicted men's help-seeking, whereas only personally endorsed gender stereotypes predicted women's help-seeking. For recalled health behaviors, personally endorsed gender stereotypes predicted men's help-seeking, whereas gender stereotypes did not predict women's help-seeking. The gender and domain differences in how personal and attitudinal gender stereotypes predicted help-seeking are important to consider when designing interventions to increase help-seeking.
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