| 1. |
- Frazier-Wood, Alexis C., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variants associated with subjective well-being, depressive symptoms, and neuroticism identified through genome-wide analyses
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Research (part of Springer Nature). - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 48, s. 624-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Very few genetic variants have been associated with depression and neuroticism, likely because of limitations on sample size in previous studies. Subjective well-being, a phenotype that is genetically correlated with both of these traits, has not yet been studied with genome-wide data. We conducted genome-wide association studies of three phenotypes: subjective well-being (n = 298,420), depressive symptoms (n = 161,460), and neuroticism (n = 170,911). We identify 3 variants associated with subjective well-being, 2 variants associated with depressive symptoms, and 11 variants associated with neuroticism, including 2 inversion polymorphisms. The two loci associated with depressive symptoms replicate in an independent depression sample. Joint analyses that exploit the high genetic correlations between the phenotypes (vertical bar(p) over cap vertical bar approximate to 0.8) strengthen the overall credibility of the findings and allow us to identify additional variants. Across our phenotypes, loci regulating expression in central nervous system and adrenal or pancreas tissues are strongly enriched for association.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bohm, Katja, et al.
(författare)
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Neogene global climate change and East Asian dust sources : Combined rutile geochemistry and zircon U Pb analysis from the northern Chinese Loess Plateau
- 2023
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Ingår i: Global and Planetary Change. - : Elsevier. - 0921-8181 .- 1872-6364. ; 221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the late Neogene, global climate underwent a long-term transition to cooler climates that culminated in the Quaternary icehouse conditions. In the East Asian terrestrial realm, atmospheric dustiness increased, and the volume of aeolian dust deposits expanded significantly. The Neogene Red Clay deposits, located on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP), provide an exceptional geologic archive to investigate pre-Quaternary climates and environments. Constraining the provenance of the Red Clay is crucial for unravelling the links between late Neogene Central-East Asian climate, tectonics and desertification. However, Red Clay provenance is highly debated and data are scarce. In this study, we have used a multi-proxy approach at a high sampling resolution to study the provenance of the c. 7–2.6 Ma Baode Red Clay. Our data consist of joint detrital zircon U-Pb ages and detrital rutile trace element geochemistry of the Baode Red Clay, and of a massive rutile geochemistry dataset from 14 potential dust source areas. The data indicate that the Mio-Pliocene and Plio-Pleistocene global climate transitions were coupled with gradual dust provenance shifts. We propose these shifts indicate the intensification of East Asian winter monsoon and/or enhanced Central-East Asian drying as a response to global cooling. We also identify temporary Pliocene provenance changes that interrupt the long-term winter monsoon -controlled dust transport at c. 4 Ma and c. 3.5 Ma. Several indicators point to dust transport by the westerly jet at c. 4 Ma, possibly caused by a shift in the jet position as a response to global cooling, and/or enhanced wet deposition caused by intensified summer monsoon. Alternatively, the role of the paleo-Yellow River should be investigated further. We infer the 3.5 Ma provenance signal was caused by increased Yellow River -transported material from eroding Northeastern Tibetan Plateau and/or western CLP. Implications of our results not only shed light on the links between late Cenozoic global climate change and Central-East Asian dust cycle, but also provide detailed information to further investigate the late Neogene regional geomorphology and its effects on dust emission, transport, and deposition. Our combined rutile-zircon analysis also verifies that a multi-proxy single-grain approach that targets different types of primary source rocks is needed for reliable provenance analysis of the CLP dust.
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| 4. |
- Bohm, Katja
(författare)
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Provenance of the pre-Quaternary aeolian dust deposits of East Asia
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Atmospheric mineral dust is a key component in the climate system, but its effect on and response to climate changes are poorly understood, especially over long timescales. This thesis investigates the sources of late Paleogene and Neogene dust deposits that formed under warmer-than-present global climates in the northern Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) region in mid-latitude East Asia. Provenance research on wind-blown (aeolian) dust is one of the few available methods to constrain past wind directions, dust sources and transport pathways, which is crucial for understanding regional paleoclimate and its changes during global climate transitions.Aeolian dust deposits from three sites are analysed here: the late Paleogene (35–27 Ma) Ulantatal dust sequence, the late Neogene (7–2.6 Ma) Baode Red Clay, and a c. 4 Ma sample from the Nihewan Red Clay. A joint single-grain analysis of detrital zircon (DZ) U-Pb geochronology and detrital rutile (DR) trace element analysis was applied to trace provenance. This thesis is the first use of DR geochemistry as a provenance indicator for CLP dust, and the thesis therefore summarizes the tectonic history of potential primary source regions and presents DR data from 14 potential secondary/sedimentary dust source regions, for comparison to dust deposits.The results highlight the importance of multimineral single-grain analysis, as some provenance signals were not evident from DZ data alone. Fundamentally, the results demonstrate the long-term stability of overall atmospheric circulation in Central-East Asia, with modern-type atmospheric components existing since the late Paleogene. Dust was mostly transported by Siberian High pressure system (SH) -induced northwesterly winds, and planetary mid-latitude circulation -driven westerly winds from primary source regions of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and Northern Tibetan Plateau, respectively. The results also show provenance changes at the Eocene-Oligocene, Miocene-Pliocene, and Pliocene-Pleistocene boundaries, indicating a long-term link between the Central-East Asian dust cycle and global cooling events. This thesis further argues that overall, both the dust provenance, and possibly the formation of northern CLP region dust deposits since the latest Eocene in general, were controlled by the Northern Hemisphere glaciations via the SH and northwesterly winds. The results shed light on the long-term environmental history of Central-East Asia and demonstrate the link between the regional dust cycle and global cooling. The findings of this thesis provide important constraints to guide future modelling work on dust-climate interactions under warmer-than-present global climates in Central-East Asia, one of the most populated regions on Earth.
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| 5. |
- Bohm, Katja, et al.
(författare)
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The provenance of late Cenozoic East Asian Red Clay : Tectonic-metamorphic history of potential source regions and a novel combined zircon-rutile approach
- 2022
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Ingår i: Earth-Science Reviews. - : Elsevier. - 0012-8252 .- 1872-6828. ; 225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Constraining the provenance of aeolian mineral dust is critical in understanding past climate changes, atmospheric dust activity, circulation, and sediment generation. On the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP), use of detrital zircon U-Pb age data as source tracers for the dust has seen a huge growth and lead to breakthroughs in understanding dust provenance. However, significant ambiguities remain especially regarding the provenance of the aeolian Neogene Red Clay (RC). To address this, here we review the state of the art of understanding of Neogene RC provenance, with a focus on single-grain analyses, and introduce detrital rutile geochemistry as a tool to complement zircon U-Pb dating. Furthermore, to better utilise the link between the detrital minerals and their primary origin, we compile primary source region geologic background and single-grain data relevant for use of geochronological and metamorphic provenance proxy minerals. We discuss four major tectonic divisions in northern China and southern Mongolia: North China Craton (NCC), Tarim Craton (TC), Central China Orogen (CCO), parts of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), and briefly summarize the Tibetan-Himalayan orogen. Many of these regions have been tectonically active during the same time periods in the Earth's history, and our analysis demonstrates how use of zircon age data alone has limitations in differentiating between a number of key potential dust sources to the CLP. Addition of a metamorphic source tracer such as rutile allows some of these possible source areas to be distinguished. For example, the proximal northern NCC regions that show high−/ultrahigh-temperature metamorphic conditions can potentially be diagnostic of a northerly source component to CLP dust. Our combined zircon-rutile data analysis of ca. 4 Ma Nihewan RC in northern CLP verifies the utility of the novel rutile provenance proxy in sourcing CLP sediments. The zircon and rutile data suggest similar dust provenance: the dominant sources are proximal areas on the NCC, while contributions from the dry areas in parts of the CAOB, central deserts, and the Yellow River are also likely. Our results also hint at a minor source component deriving from distal western source regions in the TC, and/or in the central parts of the CCO, but rutile data from potential secondary source areas are needed to verify this possibility. We also conclude that multi-proxy single-grain provenance analyses are needed for more reliable provenance analyses.
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| 6. |
- Fortelius, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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The Origin and Early History of NOW as It Happened
- 2023
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Ingår i: Evolution of Cenozoic Land Mammal Faunas and Ecosystems: 25 years of the NOW database of fossil mammals.. - : Springer. ; , s. 7-32
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The NOW database of fossil mammals came to be through a confluence of several initiatives spanning multiple decades. The first public version of NOW database was released in 1996 and the first Advisory Board was established the year after. Originally, NOW stood for Neogene of the Old World but with the gradual expansion of the database the acronym was eventually reassigned to stand for New and Old Worlds. The structure of what would become NOW was originally cloned from the ETE database of the Smithsonian Institution and the first NOW version accessible over the internet was a node of the ETE database. The first standalone, online version of NOW was launched in 2005 and the first formal steering group was established in 2009. During its existence, NOW has been funded, directly or indirectly, by several organizations but fundamentally it has always been an unfunded community effort, dependent on voluntary work by the participants.
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| 7. |
- Smith, Jennifer A, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature (London). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 533:7604, s. 539-542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Educational attainment is strongly influenced by social and other environmental factors, but genetic factors are estimated to account for at least 20% of the variation across individuals. Here we report the results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for educational attainment that extends our earlier discovery sample of 101,069 individuals to 293,723 individuals, and a replication study in an independent sample of 111,349 individuals from the UK Biobank. We identify 74 genome-wide significant loci associated with the number of years of schooling completed. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with educational attainment are disproportionately found in genomic regions regulating gene expression in the fetal brain. Candidate genes are preferentially expressed in neural tissue, especially during the prenatal period, and enriched for biological pathways involved in neural development. Our findings demonstrate that, even for a behavioural phenotype that is mostly environmentally determined, a well-powered GWAS identifies replicable associated genetic variants that suggest biologically relevant pathways. Because educational attainment is measured in large numbers of individuals, it will continue to be useful as a proxy phenotype in efforts to characterize the genetic influences of related phenotypes, including cognition and neuropsychiatric diseases.
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| 8. |
- Valiranta, Minna, et al.
(författare)
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Scattered late-glacial and early Holocene tree populations as dispersal nuclei for forest development in north-eastern European Russia
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Biogeography. - : Wiley. - 0305-0270 .- 1365-2699. ; 38:5, s. 922-932
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim Concepts about patterns and rates of post-glacial tree population migration are changing as a result of the increasing amount of palaeobotanical information being provided by macroscopic plant remains. Here we combine macrofossil, pollen and stomata records from five sites in north-eastern European Russia and summarize the results for the late-glacial-early Holocene transition. The late-glacial-early Holocene transition encompasses the first indications of trees (tree-type Betula, Picea abies, Abies sibirica and Larix sibirica) and subsequent forest development. Considerable time-lags between the first macrobotanical and/or stomata finds of spruce (Picea abies) and the establishment of a closed forest are reconsidered. Location Pechora basin, north-eastern European Russia. Methods We used plant macrofossil, stomata, pollen and radiocarbon analyses to reconstruct late-glacial and early Holocene tree establishment and forest development. The data were derived from lake sediment and peat archives. Results Palaeobotanical data reveal an early Holocene presence (11,500-10,000 cal. yr bp) of arboreal taxa at all five sites. One site presently located in the northernmost taiga zone, shows the presence of spruce and reproducing tree birch during the late-glacial. Given the current view of post-glacial population dynamics and migration rates, it seems likely that the source area of these early tree populations in north-eastern European Russia was not located in southern Europe but that these populations had local origins. Results thus support the emerging view that the first post-glacial population expansions in non-glaciated regions at high latitudes do not reflect migration from the south but were a result of an increase in the size and density of small persisting outlying tree populations. Main conclusions Results suggest that the area east of the margin of the Scandinavian ice sheet to the Ural Mountains had isolated patches of trees during the late-glacial and early Holocene and that these small populations acted as initial nuclei for population expansion and forest development in the early Holocene.
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| 9. |
- Žliobaitė, Indrė, et al.
(författare)
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The NOW Database of Fossil Mammals
- 2023
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Ingår i: Evolution of Cenozoic Land Mammal Faunas and Ecosystems: 25 years of the NOW database of fossil mammals. - : Springer. ; , s. 33-42
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- NOW (New and Old Worlds) is a global database of fossil mammal occurrences, currently containing around 68,000 locality-species entries. The database spans the last 66 million years, with its primary focus on the last 23 million years. Whereas the database contains records from all continents, the main focus and coverage of the database historically has been on Eurasia. The database includes primarily, but not exclusively, terrestrial mammals. It covers a large part of the currently known mammalian fossil record, focusing on classical and actively researched fossil localities. The database is managed in collaboration with an international advisory board of experts. Rather than a static archive, it emphasizes the continuous integration of new knowledge of the community, data curation, and consistency of scientific interpretations. The database records species occurrences at localities worldwide, as well as ecological characteristics of fossil species, geological contexts of localities and more. The NOW database is primarily used for two purposes: (1) queries about occurrences of particular taxa, their characteristics and properties of localities in the spirit of an encyclopedia; and (2) large scale research and quantitative analyses of evolutionary processes, patterns, reconstructing past environments, as well as interpreting evolutionary contexts. The data are fully open, no logging in or community membership is necessary for using the data for any purpose.
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