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- Kadıoğlu Polat, Defne
(författare)
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Creatively Displaced? The Impact of Neoliberal Urban Policies on Immigrants from Turkey in Berlin
- 2019
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Ingår i: German-Turkish Relations Revisited. - : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft. - 9783848758883 ; , s. 207-224
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study engages with the effects of gentrification -which is the transformation of working-class neighbourhoods for middle- and/or upper-class use- on Turkish immigrants residing in a low-income neighbourhood in Berlin. It shows that European Union (EU)-supported urban policies in the German capital have accelerated and assisted the gentrification of neighbourhoods that have previously been marked as ‘Turkish’ or ‘Muslim ghettos’. By means of a case study about the Neukölln district it is discussed how the classification of immigrant-heavy areas as ‘problematic’, on the one hand, and Berlin’s marketing as creative and multicultural world city, on the other, have driven local urban policies that have facilitated and accelerated the gentrification of the capital’s inner city. It will be argued that gentrification, rather than ameliorating the life quality of Turkish and other immigrants in the quarter, has added other problems such as rent pressure and loss of the local infrastructure.
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- Kadıoğlu Polat, Defne
(författare)
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‘No one is larger than the state.’ : Consent, dissent, and vigilant violence during Turkey’s neoliberal urban transition
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Southeast European and Black Sea Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1468-3857 .- 1743-9639. ; 21:2, s. 189-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tophane is a conservative quarter in central Istanbul that has become known for its political support of the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP). This support has included violent vigilantism against oppositional groups. In the last decade, since gentrification has become more tangible in the area, violence has also turned against perceived newcomers and outsiders. Gentrification, however, is openly condoned and politically enforced by the AKP. Taking the neoliberal transformation of a neighbourhood in Istanbul that displays strong support for the governing party, as a starting point, this article engages with the governance of dissent and the production of consent on the sub-city level. I employ the Gramscian notion of the integral state to argue for a dialectical understanding of consent production in which consent and coercion are seen as intertwined, rather than opposed. To specify this point, I focus on the important, yet ambiguous, role of local state- and party-cadres (local intermediaries) in Istanbul’s urban governance. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and interviews, I show that the neighbourhood in Turkey is a crucial political arena in which intermediaries function as important links between civil society and the state apparatus.
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- Kadıoğlu Polat, Defne
(författare)
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‘Now the German comes’ : The ethnic effect of gentrification in Berlin
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ethnicities. - : Sage Publications. - 1468-7968 .- 1741-2706. ; 20:1, s. 155-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Compared to the United States, the relationship between ethnicity and gentrification is still understudied in the Western European context. However, while Western Europe does not have the same racial history as the United States, ethnic and racial divisions are still expressed through urban inequality. This paper, a study of small-business owners in an ethnically stigmatized Berlin neighborhood, shows how the gentrification process leads to the revelation and reification of ethnic boundaries between Turkish immigrants and their descendants and the so-called German majority society. It firstly finds that gentrification by Turkish-origin business owners is frequently understood as an ethnic remake that leads to the displacement of Turkish immigrants and their families in favor of non-immigrant Germans. The gentrification process is accordingly perceived, not only as a form of material dispossession, but also as a form of cultural dispossession in which the multicultural character of the quarter is erased. Second, the paper postulates that, in cases in which Turkish immigrant entrepreneurs adapt their businesses to the demands of new middle-class consumers, they tend to exclude the lower-income population in the quarter whom they mainly define as Turkish or Arabic. All in all, the debate presented in this paper shows how, in the German context, gentrification relates to prior forms of ethnic prejudice, discrimination and racism. It thereby also complicates the prominent discussion on the nexus between gentrification and displacement by showing that, even if long-time residents are not immediately threatened with having to leave, they still experience forms of exclusion that are entrenched with already existing structural inequalities.
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- Kadıoğlu Polat, Defne
(författare)
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Producing gentrifiable neighborhoods : race, stigma and struggle in Berlin-Neukölln
- 2022
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Ingår i: Housing Studies. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0267-3037 .- 1466-1810. ; , s. 1-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Through a case study of an immigrant dense working-class neighborhood in Berlin, this article asks how racial and territorial stigmatization figure into state-enabled financialized gentrification and resistance against it. While there is a discussion on territorial stigmatization in the gentrification literature, this debate remains understated in the emerging financialized gentrification literature and rarely connects to race. Debates on resistance to financialization, in turn, while being attuned to the detrimental effects of stigmatization on struggle, pay little attention to the role of the local state as a producer of stigma. In this article I draw together debates on financialization, state-enabled gentrification and racial and territorial stigma to suggest that the local state, through its oppressive classifications and racialized representations of urban space, contributes to preparing the symbolic and material structures on which finance capital is able to flourish, not only by normalizing displacement, but by hampering resistance and demobilizing local working-class communities.
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