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- Munch, Marie W., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of 12 mg vs 6 mg of Dexamethasone on the Number of Days Alive Without Life Support in Adults With COVID-19 and Severe Hypoxemia The COVID STEROID 2 Randomized Trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). - : AMER MEDICAL ASSOC. - 0098-7484 .- 1538-3598. ; 326:18, s. 1807-1817
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Question What is the effect of 12 mg vs 6 mg of dexamethasone on the number of days alive without life support at 28 days in patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia? Findings In this randomized trial that included 1000 patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia, treatment with 12 mg/d of dexamethasone resulted in 22.0 days alive without life support at 28 days compared with 20.5 days in those receiving 6 mg/d of dexamethasone. This difference was not statistically significant. Meaning Compared with 6 mg of dexamethasone, 12 mg of dexamethasone did not statistically significantly reduce the number of days alive without life support at 28 days. This multicenter randomized clinical trial compares the effects of 12 mg/d vs 6 mg/d of dexamethasone in patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia. IMPORTANCE A daily dose with 6 mg of dexamethasone is recommended for up to 10 days in patients with severe and critical COVID-19, but a higher dose may benefit those with more severe disease. OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of 12 mg/d vs 6 mg/d of dexamethasone in patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A multicenter, randomized clinical trial was conducted between August 2020 and May 2021 at 26 hospitals in Europe and India and included 1000 adults with confirmed COVID-19 requiring at least 10 L/min of oxygen or mechanical ventilation. End of 90-day follow-up was on August 19, 2021. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized 1:1 to 12 mg/d of intravenous dexamethasone (n = 503) or 6 mg/d of intravenous dexamethasone (n = 497) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was the number of days alive without life support (invasive mechanical ventilation, circulatory support, or kidney replacement therapy) at 28 days and was adjusted for stratification variables. Of the 8 prespecified secondary outcomes, 5 are included in this analysis (the number of days alive without life support at 90 days, the number of days alive out of the hospital at 90 days, mortality at 28 days and at 90 days, and >= 1 serious adverse reactions at 28 days). RESULTS Of the 1000 randomized patients, 982 were included (median age, 65 [IQR, 55-73] years; 305 [31%] women) and primary outcome data were available for 971 (491 in the 12 mg of dexamethasone group and 480 in the 6 mg of dexamethasone group). The median number of days alive without life support was 22.0 days (IQR, 6.0-28.0 days) in the 12 mg of dexamethasone group and 20.5 days (IQR, 4.0-28.0 days) in the 6 mg of dexamethasone group (adjusted mean difference, 1.3 days [95% CI, 0-2.6 days]; P = .07). Mortality at 28 days was 27.1% in the 12 mg of dexamethasone group vs 32.3% in the 6 mg of dexamethasone group (adjusted relative risk, 0.86 [99% CI, 0.68-1.08]). Mortality at 90 days was 32.0% in the 12 mg of dexamethasone group vs 37.7% in the 6 mg of dexamethasone group (adjusted relative risk, 0.87 [99% CI, 0.70-1.07]). Serious adverse reactions, including septic shock and invasive fungal infections, occurred in 11.3% in the 12 mg of dexamethasone group vs 13.4% in the 6 mg of dexamethasone group (adjusted relative risk, 0.83 [99% CI, 0.54-1.29]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia, 12 mg/d of dexamethasone compared with 6 mg/d of dexamethasone did not result in statistically significantly more days alive without life support at 28 days. However, the trial may have been underpowered to identify a significant difference.
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| 4. |
- Sharma, L Ajitkumar, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular magnetic properties of two-copper(II) containing complexes [Cu(II) (1-phenylamidino-O-n-butylurea) en (H2O)(2)(2+) and [Cu(II) sulphato-mono (1-phenylamidino-O-methylurea)](2) - An EPR study
- 2004
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Ingår i: Spectrochimica Acta Part A - Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1386-1425 .- 1873-3557. ; 60:7, s. 1593-1600
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) investigations were conducted on [Cu(II) (1-phenylamidino-O-n-butylurea) en (H2O)12 21 (1) and [Cu(II) sulphato-mono (1-phenylamidino-O-methylurea)](2) (2) respectively, in the temperature range 300-77 K. Fine structure characteristics of S = 1 system, was observed in both complexes with zero field splitting of 0.0525 and 0.0225 cm(-1), respectively, suggesting the formation of dimeric complexes. The presence of the half-field signal (DeltaM(s)= +/-2), in the complex 1, further confirmed the formation of dimer. The temperature dependence of EPR signal intensity has given evidence for the ferromagnetic (FM) coupling between the two Cu2+ ions. The isotropic exchange interaction constants J, were evaluated from this and were found out to be similar to57 and similar to27 cm(-1), respectively, for the complexes I and 2. The photoacoustic spectra of these complexes had shown a band around 26,400 cm(-1) characteristic of metal-metal bonding giving an independent support for the existence of dimeric Cu2+ species. The high magnetic moment values at room temperature for complex I (2.68mu(B)) and complex 2 (2.00mu(B)), obtained from the magnetic susceptibility measurements, support the formation of ferromagnetically coupled Cu2+ dimers.
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| 5. |
- Feldman, V.I., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of matrix and substituent on the electronic structure of trapped benzene radical cations
- 2000
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 2:1, s. 29-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structure and dynamics of the radical cations produced from benzene, monodeuterated benzene and toluene in various low-temperature matrices were characterized by EPR and ENDOR spectroscopy. It was found that the nature of the matrix had a dramatic effect on the EPR spectra of benzene cation. Rigid structures corresponding to the 2B(1g) and 2B(2g) states are revealed in solid argon and halocarbon (CFCl3) matrices, respectively, whereas only dynamically averaged patterns are observed in other hosts used (krypton, xenon, sulfur hexafluoride). Deuterium monosubstitution has no appreciable effect on the cation structure observed in argon and halocarbon matrices, which implies matrix control of the preferred electronic state. In contrast, the toluene radical cation exhibits only a 2B(2g)-like structure both in argon and in CFCl3 matrices, that is, the internal structural effect strongly predominates over environment effects in this case. The results are discussed in qualitative terms taking into consideration the matrix and substituent effects on the charge distribution in benzene cation.
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| 6. |
- Itagaki, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Structure of dimeric radical cations of benzene and toluene in halocarbon matrices : An EPR, ENDOR and MO study
- 2000
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 2:12, s. 2683-2689
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structure of dimeric cations of benzene and toluene formed in X- irradiated halocarbon matrices containing relatively high concentration of the solutes was investigated. EPR and ENDOR (electron nuclear double resonance) spectra of these dimer cations were observed and accurate values of the hf coupling constants were obtained. The ENDOR spectrum of the dimeric radical cation of benzene, (C6H6)2+, exhibited hf couplings due to twelve equivalent protons and the isotropic coupling (a(iso)) was almost one-half of that in the monomer cation. ENDOR transitions with a rhombic symmetry were observed in a CFCl3 matrix, whereas clear axially symmetric transitions with A(is parallel with) < A(is perpendicular to) were obtained in CF3CCl3 even at 50 K. The rhombic dipolar coupling tensor was used as a parameter to evaluate the distance between the two partner rings. As regards the toluene dimer cation, (CH3C6H5)2+, ENDOR transitions of the CH3 and H(4,4') protons were observed. The isotropic hf coupling of the CH3 protons deviated even more strongly from the half value, being rather close to one- third of the value of the monomer. The hf coupling of the H(4,4') protons was almost half the coupling of the monomer. It was suggested that the anomalous hf couplings of the CH3 protons were due to the interaction between the two rings through the s-bond. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to obtain the optimized geometries and hf coupling tensors and suggested sandwich structures in both dimers. Furthermore, the distances between the two rings and the anomalous CH3 protons hf coupling in the (CH3C6H5)2+ were successfully evaluated.
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| 7. |
- Itagaki, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Structure of N2H4.+ formed in X-irradiated Li(N2H5)SO4 single crystals
- 2000
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 2:1, s. 37-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-irradiated Li(N2H5)SO4 single crystals were investigated using ESR and ENDOR spectroscopy at several temperatures. The hydrazine radical cation N2H4.+ was selectively produced by irradiation at room temperature. From the analysis of the orientation dependent ENDOR spectra, the 1H-hfc tensors of the cation radical were precisely obtained and the radical structure was supported by theoretical calculations. It is suggested that the cation radical has a planar p* structure D(2h) (2B(2g)) in the crystal down to 230 K. By using the evaluated 1H-hf tensor the powder ESR line shape was successfully simulated. Concomitant with the radical formation, the N-N bond of N2H4.+ is suggested to reorient so as to optimize hydrogen bond interactions. 1H-ENDOR line splitting for the N2H4.+ radical was observed at temperatures below 230 K. Apparently this splitting is due to a reversible structural change where one of the NH2 moleties in N2H4.+ becomes slightly bent out of the molecular plane, whereas the other one remains planar. This deformation evidently arises from interactions between the cation radical, adjacent H2N-NH3+ molecules and the SO4-LiO4 framework. Interacting N2H5+···N2H4.+···N2H5+ molecules along the c-axis are proposed to explain the deformation mechanism.
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| 8. |
- Jayakumar, O. D., et al.
(författare)
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Surfactant-induced enhanced room temperature ferromagnetism in Zn0.96Mn0.03Li0.01O nanoparticles : Prepared by solid-state pyrolitic reaction
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Crystal Growth. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-0248 .- 1873-5002. ; 307:2, s. 315-320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the synthesis of nanoparticles of Zn0.96Mn0.03Li0.01O by a low-temperature solid-state pyrolitic reaction, followed by a surfactant-assisted calcination at 400 degrees C. The X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses showed the formation of impurity free nanocrystals of Mn doped Li co-cloped ZnO with wurtzite structure. XPS data revealed that Mn exists in + 2 oxidation state. DC magnetization measurements as a function of field and temperature showed enhanced room temperature ferromagnetism for the surfactant-treated Zn0:96Mn0.03Li0.01O. FMR signal observed in the EPR spectrum further confirmed its ferromagnetic nature.
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| 9. |
- Panchawagh, Suhrud, et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19 breakthrough infections in type 1 diabetes mellitus : a cross-sectional study by the COVID-19 Vaccination in Autoimmune Diseases (COVAD) Group
- 2024
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Ingår i: Rheumatology International. - : Springer. - 0172-8172 .- 1437-160X. ; 44:1, s. 73-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate the frequency, profile, and severity of COVID-19 breakthrough infections (BI) in patients with type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) compared to healthy controls (HC) after vaccination. The second COVID-19 Vaccination in Autoimmune Diseases (COVAD-2) survey is a multinational cross-sectional electronic survey which has collected data on patients suffering from various autoimmune diseases including T1DM. We performed a subgroup analysis on this cohort to investigate COVID-19 BI characteristics in patients with T1DM. Logistic regression with propensity score matching analysis was performed. A total of 9595 individuals were included in the analysis, with 100 patients having T1DM. Among the fully vaccinated cohort, 16 (16%) T1DM patients had one BI and 2 (2%) had two BIs. No morbidities or deaths were reported, except for one patient who required hospitalization with oxygen without admission to intensive care. The frequency, clinical features, and severity of BIs were not significantly different between T1DM patients and HCs after adjustment for confounding factors. Our study did not show any statistically significant differences in the frequency, symptoms, duration, or critical care requirements between T1DM and HCs after COVID-19 vaccination. Further research is needed to identify factors associated with inadequate vaccine response in patients with BIs, especially in patients with autoimmune diseases.
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| 10. |
- Shinde, S. P., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of basaltic rock aquifer parameters using hydraulic parameters, Theis’s method and aquifer test software in the hard rock area of Buchakewadi watershed Maharashtra, India
- 2022
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Ingår i: Applied water science. - : Springer Nature. - 2190-5487 .- 2190-5495. ; 12:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The twelve wells were selected to carry out the various test, duration of pumping (min), maximum draw drown (m), duration of recovery (min), residual drawdown, and aquifer type in the basaltic rock aquifer parameters of Buchakewadi watershed. The source and flow of groundwater are essential concerns in hydrological systems that concern both spatially and temporally components of groundwater discharge and water supply problems. The content and temperature of groundwater flowing through an aquifer might change depending on the aquifer environment. As a result, hydrodynamic analyses can provide valuable information about a region’s subsurface geology. The present research attempts of aquifer variables such as transmissivity (T) and storativity (S) estimation are significant for groundwater resource development and evaluation. There are numerous approaches for calculating precise aquifer characteristics (i.e., hydrograph analysis, pumping test, etc.). A most frequent in situ analysis is a well-pumping test, which accurately measures the decline and rise of groundwater levels. During an aquifer pumping test, to characterize aquifer properties in an undiscovered location to forecast the rate of depletion of the groundwater table/potentiometric surface. The shallow, weathering subsurface water accessible above the Deccan traps in an unconfined state is insufficient to satisfy the ever-increasing pressure on water supplies. Maharashtra is similarly dominated by hard rocks, whose rainfall susceptibility is limited by weathering and primary porosity, as is their volume to store and convey water. Based on the hydraulic parameters and Theis method, results are optimized. Aquifer mapping and pumping test results can be more important for solving problems such as water scarcity, nonpolluting water, health issues, and source of fresh water on the earth surface. However, the characterization of aquifer parameters should be significant role in the scientific planning and engineering practices. © 2022, The Author(s).
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