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- Christmansson, Marita, et al.
(author)
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Modified method time measurements for ergonomic planning of production systems in the manufacturing industry
- 2000
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In: International Journal of Production Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 38:17, s. 4051 - 4059
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The paper reports on an evaluation of a method called ErgoSAM. This method is based on SAM, a higher-level method-time-measurement (MTM) system, and is for use by production planners, e.g. production engineers. In addition to the SAM information, the ErgoSAM method considers information on weight handled or forces applied, and work zone. The method is designed to predict the physical demands of work postures, force and repetitivity, according to a scientific model, the Cube model. In co-operation with the Volvo Car Corporation, six workstations of an assembly line, were analysed by a production engineer using ErgoSAM. The total assembly time analysed was about 17 minutes. The results were compared to results from ergonomic analyses made by an ergonomist using the Volvo Car Corporations standards. The results showed that ErgoSAM predicts work situations of high physical stress for the workers. However, the method does not consider stressful positions for the hand, wrist and neck or mental stress. The production engineer judged the ErgoSAM analyses to require about 5% more time than SAM analyses alone. It is concluded that the method shows considerable promise for predicting physically stressful work situations, but needs to be further evaluated and refined.
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| 4. |
- Holmer, J, et al.
(author)
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Enabling longer work life : four case studies
- 2010
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In: Working and ageing. Emerging theories and empirical perspectives. - : Cedefop. - 9789289606295 ; , s. 296-315
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The key question addressed in this chapter is which are the factors enabling longer working life? Four case studies provide empirical support for continued discussion on this issue. They cover different segments of working life: forestry work, public sector work, academics, industrial and service work. We find that enabling and disabling factors differ between trades. The availability of, and motivation to participate in, work-integrated learning is a key factor. Non-formal training and informal learning seem to become more important than formal education. In academia, incentives are embedded in the work itself. Knowledge transfer is generally considered a matter of success. At the individual level, sustained work ability requires relevant competence and adequate health. Obstacles to be overcome include negative attitudes among employers, officials, and the older people themselves. There is a specific need for development of know-how: how to enable older people to stay active in knowledge transfer close to the workplace
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- Palmerud, G, et al.
(author)
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Intramuscular pressure of the infra-and supraspinatus muscles in relation to hand load and arm posture
- 2000
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In: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 83:2-3, s. 223-230
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In work engaging the upper extremities, the musculoskeletal system of the shoulder is sometimes exposed to prolonged excessive load, leading to musculoskeletal disorders of the shoulder. One way of reducing work-related shoulder disorders is to establish guidelines for working postures. The purpose of this study was to identify harmful working positions, by performing a comprehensive survey of the intramuscular pressure (IMP) in the infra- and supraspinatus muscles in relation to different arm positions and external loads. Ten healthy males participated, and the IMP in the infra- and supraspinatus muscles was studied in a total of 112 combinations of arm positions and hand loads at levels that occur frequently in industrial work. High-precision spatial recordings were accomplished with a three-dimensional motion-analysis system, and the IMP was measured using the microcapillary infusion technique. The mean IMP of the infraspinatus muscle as well as that of the supraspinatus muscle increased continuously from a resting pressure at 0° of upper arm elevation to a maximal pressure at 90° of upper arm elevation, for all elevation planes. The mean IMP of the supraspinatus muscle appeared to be more dependent upon the elevation plane and less dependent upon the hand load, compared to the infraspinatus muscle. Even during only moderate arm elevation, the mean IMP of the infra- and supraspinatus muscles, presented here in polar diagrams, had already exceeded the levels of reduced recovery from local muscle fatigue and blood flow impairment. The elevation angle and the hand load primarily influence the development of IMP in the infra- and supraspinatus muscles.
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