| 1. |
- Asadi, Milad, 1987-
(författare)
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Graphene : a vision to the future of smart E-Textile application
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Smart textile is a term referring to the textiles that could interact with their environment, receiving input and giving output based on their applications. Among smart textiles, electrically driven smart textiles (E-textiles) are being produced by various methods and materials integrated with textile substances. Graphene is one of these compounds that could be integrated into the polymer or integrated into the textile materials such as fibres. Therefore, other elements could be doped or immobilised on the graphene nanosheets for a wider range of applications, such as catalytic and electrocatalytic systems. However, finding the most applicable and efficient method to integrate graphene into the textile fibres and further establishing a method for catalyst immobilisation are challenging and require focused research. Therefore, this doctoral thesis focused on the innovative concept of integration of graphene and immobilisation of iron nanoparticles on it. Evidence from the systematic experiments was gathered for the case of dip-coating of polyester textiles with graphene oxide dispersion and enhancing the electrostatic bonding between fibres and graphene oxide nanosheets. In the second step, systematic experiments were gathered for the case of immobilisation of an inorganic catalyst (zerovalent iron) on textile supports. The goal of this thesis is to establish the feasibility of a mild and applicable method for textile material supports, which requires low temperature and mild pH, and further fabrication of heterogeneous catalytic and electrocatalytic systems for wastewater treatment. Polyester was chosen as the textile support material for graphene oxide coating and catalyst immobilisation due to its availability and cost-effectiveness. The thesis has four distinct parts related to (a) Pre-surface-charge modification of the polyester for strong electrostatic bonding between polyester and graphene, (b) Design a continuous yarn coating system for mass production of graphene-coated conductive yarns, (c) Immobilisation of Fe0 on graphene-coated polyester textiles and optimising their feasibility in catalytic systems and (d) Design and prove the feasibility of knitting a fully textile-based reactor having two anodic and cathodic sections by using rGO-Fe0 yarns and stainless-steel multifilament yarns, respectively as a concept of electro-Fenton wastewater treatment. Diverse analytical and instrumental techniques were used to monitor the surface modification of the polyester textiles and conductivity of the resulting textiles; moreover, the electromechanical and electrothermal properties of the graphene-modified textiles were examined. Further, the efficiency of catalyst immobilisation, physio-chemical properties of the immobilised catalyst, and their catalytical activities in dye removal from the water was studied. Results showed that surface charge modification of polyester fabric with both chitosan and hexadecylpyridinium chloride (HDPC) gives the most homogeneous graphene coating, resulting in high conductivity and very good fastness. Furthermore, results from scanning electron microscope (SEM), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and UV/Visible spectrophotometry prove the success of immobilisation of zerovalent iron on the graphene-modified textiles. The novelty of the research presented in this doctoral thesis is primarily attributed to the novelty of a hybrid graphene-catalyst immobilisation-grafting on polyester textile supports for wastewater treatment applications. The final concept of the thesis is to introduce the potential for assembling a fully textile-based reactor for Electro-Fenton wastewater treatments.
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| 2. |
- Baghaei, Behnaz, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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All-Cellulose Composites Properties from Pre- and Post-Consumer Denim Wastes: Comparative Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Composites Science. - : MDPI AG. - 2504-477X. ; 6:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- This study reports the recycling of discarded denim textiles by the production of all-cellulose composites (ACCs). Discarded denim fabrics were shredded into fibers and then made into nonwoven fabrics by carding and needle punching. The produced nonwoven fabrics were converted to ACCs by one-step and two-step methods using an ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate ([BMIM][Ac]). In this study, the effect of different ACC manufacturing methods, denim fabrics with different contents (a 100% cotton denim (CO) and a blend material (cotton, poly-ester and elastane (BCO)) and reusing of IL as a recycled cellulose solvent on the mechanical pro-perties of the formed ACCs were investigated. The ACCs were characterized according to their tensile and impact properties, as well as their void content. Microscopic analysis was carried out to study the morphology of a cross-section of the formed composites. The choice of the one-step method with recycled IL, pure IL or with a blend material (BCO) had no influence on the tensile properties. Instead, the result showed that the two-step method, with and without DMSO, will influence the E-modulus but not the tensile strength. Regarding the impact properties of the samples, the only factor likely to influence the impact energy was the one-step method with CO and BCO.
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| 3. |
- Ehsanimehr, S., et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable Flame-Retardant Flax Fabrics by Engineered Layer-by-Layer Surface Functionalization with Phytic Acid and Polyethylenimine
- 2023
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Ingår i: Fire technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0015-2684 .- 1572-8099.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New generation of mission-oriented fabrics meets advanced requirements; such as electrical conductivity, flame retardancy, and anti-bacterial properties. However, sustainability concerns still are on-demand in fabrication of multi-functional fabrics. In this work, we used a bio-based phosphorus molecule (phytic acid, PA) to reinforce flax fabrics against flame via layer-by-layer consecutive surface modification. First, the flax fabric was treated with PA. Then, polyethylenimine (PEI) was localized above it to create negative charges, and finally PA was deposited as top-layer. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), and inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) proved successful chemical treatment. Pyrolysis-combustion flow calorimetry (PCFC) showed significant drop by about 77% in the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) from 215 W/g for untreated to 50 W/g for treated flax fabric. Likewise, the total heat release (THR) decreased by more than three times from 11 to 3.2 kJ/g. Mechanical behavior of the treated flax fabric was completely different from untreated flax fabrics, changing from almost highly-strengthened behavior with short elongation at break to a rubber-like behavior with significantly higher elongation at break. Surface friction resistance was also improved, such that the abrasion resistance of the modified fabrics increased up to 30,000 rub cycles without rupture.
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Matilda, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of lignin acetylation on the mechanical properties of lignin-poly-lactic acid biocomposites for advanced applications
- 2023
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Ingår i: Industrial crops and products (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0926-6690 .- 1872-633X. ; 202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioplastics that possess characteristics like durability and low cost are desired for versatile applications in industries such as automotive manufacturing, marine transport manufacturing, aerospace applications, and the building industry. The automotive industry is an example of an industry that is now shifting towards a more focused approach addressing the issue concerning sustainability and the development of sustainable material. To achieve a lightweight and sustainable construction, one of the methods used by the automotive original equipment manufacturers is by substituting conventional fossil-based, non-renewable composites, and metallic materials with a bio-based alternative. One of the drawbacks with biobased polymers can be the poor interfacial adhesion, leading to poor mechanical properties when compares to conventional material. The aim of this research is to investigate if a low-cost by-product could be used as a component in a composite matrix material in the automotive industry to reduce the final weight and increase the non-petrochemical material usage of composite material without compromising the thermal and mechanicals properties demanded. In this research, lignin was chemically altered by esterification the functional groups to increase the compatibility with polylactic acid. The esterification was performed with the use of acetic acid anhydride and pyridine. To evaluate and determine the esterification, Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy was used. By blending the modified lignin with polylactic acid the intention was to improve the thermomechanical properties and the interfacial linkage between the components. The effects of lignin acetylation on the tensile properties, impact strength, and thermal stability and moisture repellence behaviour were investigated. According to the experimental results the modification of lignin, increased the impact strength for all the blends containing acetylated lignin compares to pristine lignin. The largest increase observed was for blends containing 20 wt% acetylated lignin and polylactic acid, which resulted in a 74% improvement compared with the blend composed of pristine lignin and polylactic acid. Similarly, the thermal stability was improved significantly with acetylation of the lignin. Moreover, the moisture repellence behaviour was also increased. The reason for the improved properties can be explained by the better interfacial compatibility between lignin and polylactic acid matrix. An increased thermal stability and a moisture repellent behaviour of the blends containing chemically modified lignin could be observed when compared with neat polylactic acid which makes the acetylation treatment of lignin a possible approach for the future of biocomposite production.
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| 5. |
- Kadi, Nawar, Professor, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Textile structure in the process parameters of thermoplastic bio-composite
- 2019
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Ingår i: MATEC Web of Conferences. - : EDP Sciences. - 2261-236X. ; 261:01005, s. 1-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Thermoplastic bio-composite have a higher potential of use based on the sustainability benefits. Natural fibres today are a popular choice for applications in biocomposite manufacturing. Hybrid yarns are a satisfactory solution to improve the fabrication of composites containing a thermoplastic matrix and plant-based fibres. Nevertheless, it is still difficult to produce bio-composites with superior mechanical properties, due to problematic impregnation and consolidation results during the production process. This paper investigates the processing parameters for the compression moulding of two different hemp/PLA textiles structure bio-composites (warp knitting and weaving structure). Finite element simulations are used to optimise the processing parameters (pressure, temperature, and time). The results demonstrated that the textile structure has a small effect on the time of production. Main while the pressure and temperature of processing parameters depend only on the type of matrix and the thickness of biocomposite has a big impact on the time of production.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Kahoush, May, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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FINOLA hemp fiber: from waste to technical textiles
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Textile industry is witnessing the renaissance of hemp fiber, due to its sustainability. FINOLA is a breed of hemp that is grown in cold climates for grain production, including EU countries. However, after harvest, the residual stalks of these plants are considered low-value waste by-products. In this paper, we aim at optimizing the best methodology to extracting the short fibers from these agri-waste residue of FINOLA hemp, and to use them to produce higher-value technical textiles that can be used in many industries, such as construction and automotive, as an alternative to fossil-based fibers. Ultra-sound assisted mechanical extraction, with a multiple-step process had been developed for this residue. The obtained fibers are analyzed, and the relation between the process parameters and the fiber length is being investigated. The storage conditions will be assessed in relation with the obtained fiber length as well. This process is foreseen to increase the efficiency of this agricultural resource and contribute to circular economy and sustainability of textile sector.
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| 8. |
- Kahoush, May, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Finola hemp: Fibre extraction from crops intended for grain-production
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work reports the mechanical extraction process of Finola hemp fibres from the agri-waste of the food industry. FINOLA is a breed of hemp that is grown in cold climates for grain production, including EU countries. However, after harvest, the residual stalks of these plants are considered low-value waste by-products. In this paper, we aim at optimizing the methodology to extracting the short fibres from these agri-waste residue of FINOLA hemp, and to use them to produce higher-value technical textiles that can be used in many industries, such as construction and automotive, as an alternative to fossil-based fibres. Mechanical extraction, with a multiple-step process had been developed for this residue. The obtained fibres showed the potential of use as a material to produce nonwovens from 100% hemp or hemp blends with other fibres. This process is foreseen to increase the efficiency of this agricultural resource and contribute to circular economy and sustainability of textile sector.
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| 9. |
- Kahoush, May, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Opening Ratio vs. Quality: Optimizing Fibre Extraction from Hemp Residues
- 2023
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Ingår i: Innovation aspects of textile industry. - Lodz : Technical University of Lodz. - 9788366287693 ; , s. 48-51
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hemp has emerged as a sustainable alternative to various materials in multiple industries, from textiles to construction. One of the most crucial aspects of optimizing its industrial application is extracting good fibre. While various chemical and mechanical methods exist for this extraction, the mechanical route is often favoured for its eco-friendly profile. This study aims to explore how the 'opening ratio' in mechanical extraction machinery affects the quality of hemp fibres obtained from residues. The hemp residue being used comes from Finola hemp; a variety of hemp known for its seeds. However, Finola also contains fibres with potential for various applications. Mechanical extraction trials were conducted using varying opening ratios on a special decorticator machine; the fibres obtained were then subject to a series of quality tests, including tensile strength and fibre length. Preliminary findings suggest a correlation between the opening ratio and fibre quality. This research carries significant implications for the industrial application of hemp fibres. An optimized opening ratio in mechanical extraction processes could enhance the commercial value of hemp fibres while promoting sustainability by turning residues into valuable raw materials. The potential for using Finola fibres in textiles, composites, and other industrial applications is worth exploring.
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| 10. |
- Kahoush, May, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Towards sustainable textile sector: Fractionation and separation of cotton/ polyester fibers from blended textile waste
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainable Materials and Technologies. - : Elsevier. - 2214-9937.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Textiles made of blended cotton/polyester fibers have a huge share of the markets nowadays. The desirable properties of these blends made them a popular choice for both producers and consumers. However, at the end of life, this blended textile waste is often being disposed of in landfills in many parts of the world, since the fibers are hard to be fractionated and/or separated from each other and sorted according to their type, which hinders their recyclability and re-introduction to the supply chain. A significant loss of resources and big environmental impacts are only few consequences of these practices. In this article, we highlight the state of the art of fractionation and separation of cotton/polyester blended textile waste and the methods used in literature, which could be classified into mechanical, chemical and biological approaches. Additionally, we critically discuss the challenges facing these processes and their scaling-up, providing insights on how to overcome these challenges and the new initiatives in this regard, in order to contribute to the circularity and sustainability of the textile sector.
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