| 1. |
- Menkveld, Albert J., et al.
(författare)
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Nonstandard Errors
- 2024
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF FINANCE. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0022-1082 .- 1540-6261. ; 79:3, s. 2339-2390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty-nonstandard errors (NSEs). We study NSEs by letting 164 teams test the same hypotheses on the same data. NSEs turn out to be sizable, but smaller for more reproducible or higher rated research. Adding peer-review stages reduces NSEs. We further find that this type of uncertainty is underestimated by participants.
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| 2. |
- Schijven, Dick, et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale analysis of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 120:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Left-right asymmetry is an important organizing feature of the healthy brain that may be altered in schizophrenia, but most studies have used relatively small samples and heterogeneous approaches, resulting in equivocal findings. We carried out the largest case-control study of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia, with MRI data from 5,080 affected individuals and 6,015 controls across 46 datasets, using a single image analysis protocol. Asymmetry indexes were calculated for global and regional cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume measures. Differences of asymmetry were calculated between affected individuals and controls per dataset, and effect sizes were meta-analyzed across datasets. Small average case-control differences were observed for thickness asymmetries of the rostral anterior cingulate and the middle temporal gyrus, both driven by thinner left-hemispheric cortices in schizophrenia. Analyses of these asymmetries with respect to the use of antipsychotic medication and other clinical variables did not show any significant associations. Assessment of age- and sex-specific effects revealed a stronger average leftward asymmetry of pallidum volume between older cases and controls. Case-control differences in a multivariate context were assessed in a subset of the data (N = 2,029), which revealed that 7% of the variance across all structural asymmetries was explained by case-control status. Subtle case-control differences of brain macrostructural asymmetry may reflect differences at the molecular, cytoarchitectonic, or circuit levels that have functional relevance for the disorder. Reduced left middle temporal cortical thickness is consistent with altered left-hemisphere language network organization in schizophrenia.
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| 3. |
- Schunkert, Heribert, et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale association analysis identifies 13 new susceptibility loci for coronary artery disease
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 43:4, s. 153-333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We performed a meta-analysis of 14 genome-wide association studies of coronary artery disease (CAD) comprising 22,233 individuals with CAD (cases) and 64,762 controls of European descent followed by genotyping of top association signals in 56,682 additional individuals. This analysis identified 13 loci newly associated with CAD at P < 5 x 10(-8) and confirmed the association of 10 of 12 previously reported CAD loci. The 13 new loci showed risk allele frequencies ranging from 0.13 to 0.91 and were associated with a 6% to 17% increase in the risk of CAD per allele. Notably, only three of the new loci showed significant association with traditional CAD risk factors and the majority lie in gene regions not previously implicated in the pathogenesis of CAD. Finally, five of the new CAD risk loci appear to have pleiotropic effects, showing strong association with various other human diseases or traits.
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| 4. |
- Berger, Urs, et al.
(författare)
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Recent developments in trace analysis of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances
- 2011
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Ingår i: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1618-2642 .- 1618-2650. ; 400:6, s. 1625-1635
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent developments, improvements, and trends in the ultra-trace determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in environmental and human samples are highlighted and the remaining challenges and uncertainties are outlined and discussed. Understanding the analytical implications of such things as adsorption of PFASs to surfaces, effects of differing matrices, varying PFAS isomer response factors, potential bias effects of sampling, sample preparation, and analysis is critical to measuring highly fluorinated compounds at trace levels. These intricate analytical issues and the potential consequences of ignoring to deal with them correctly are discussed and documented with examples. Isomer-specific analysis and the development of robust multi-chemical methods are identified as topical trends in method development for an ever-increasing number of PFASs of environmental and human interest. Ultimately, the state-of-the-art of current analytical method accuracy is discussed on the basis of results from interlaboratory comparison studies.
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| 5. |
- Björk, Stefan, 1972-
(författare)
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Män möter mödravård : om betydelsen av "vi" i mötet med mödrahälsovård, förlossningsvård och BB-vård
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I dagens Sverige är det en självklarhet att blivande pappor skall vara delaktiga och engagerade i graviditet, förlossning och omvårdnad av det nyfödda barnet. De flesta pappor är med vid besöken på barnmorskemottagningen inklusive ultraljudsundersökningen, deltar i föräldrautbildningen och är med vid barnets födelse. Ändå uttrycker många pappor missnöje med mödrahälsovården, förlossningsvården och BB-vården. När de tillfrågas om saken uppger de ofta att de känner sig utanför, osynliga och ovidkommande. Den här studien är ett försök att bättre förstå de upplevelserna.Studien grundar sig på intervjuer med tio svenska pappor. Pappornas berättelser om mötet med mödrahälsovården, förlossningsvården och BB-vården analyserades med en narrativ forskningsansats där särskilt fokus lades på hur de i berättelsen förekommande personerna framställdes eller positionerades.Avhandlingens resultat kan sammanfattas i tre punkter: (1) Mödrahälsovårdens fokus på de fysiska aspekterna av graviditet och förlossning innebär att den blivande/nyblivna pappan kan ha svårt att finna en meningsfull plats eller position i mötet med mödrahälsovård, förlossningsvård och BB-vård. (2) De intervjuade pappornas berättelser om dessa möten kan grovt sett indelas i "vi"-berättelser där pappan fann en obesvärad position och "jag"-berättelser där han inte gjorde det. Detta har jag tolkat som att papporna i dessa möten eftersträvade en "vi"-position där graviditet och förlossning kunde bli en för mamman och pappan gemensam angelägenhet. (3) Svårigheten att finna en obesvärad position i mötet med mödrahälsovård, förlossningsvård och BB-vård har i första hand att göra med att den blivande/nyblivna pappan inte är gravid, inte att han är man. Det är huruvida kroppen är gravid eller inte gravid som skapar gränsen, inte vilket kön kroppen har. Den sökta "vi"-positionen kan därför betecknas som könsirrelevant.En slutsats är att om mödrahälsovård, förlossningsvård och BB-vård vill göra den blivande mammans partner verkligt delaktig i graviditet, förlossning och spädbarnsomvårdnad är den relevanta frågan: hur kan man bidra till att den blivande/nyblivna mammans partner kan finna en position som bättre inkluderar honom/henne i detta möte? En möjlig sådan position är den i denna studie påvisade "vi"-position där graviditet, förlossning och spädbarnsomvårdnad är en för båda föräldrarna gemensam angelägenhet. Att ge plats för en "vi"-position innebär också att sträcka ut tidsperspektivet från graviditetens här-och-nu förbi den annalkande förlossningen till det som kommer därefter: föräldraskapet -- oavsett vem som har varit gravid.
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| 6. |
- Cristal, Adrian, et al.
(författare)
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LEGaTO: First Steps Towards Energy-Efficient Toolset for Heterogeneous Computing
- 2018
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Ingår i: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. ; , s. 210-217
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- LEGaTO is a three-year EU H2020 project which started in December 2017. The LEGaTO project will leverage task-based programming models to provide a software ecosystem for Made-in-Europe heterogeneous hardware composed of CPUs, GPUs, FPGAs and dataflow engines. The aim is to attain one order of magnitude energy savings from the edge to the converged cloud/HPC.
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| 7. |
- Cristal, Adrian, et al.
(författare)
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LEGaTO: Towards Energy-Efficient, Secure, Fault-tolerant Toolset for Heterogeneous Computing
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 15th ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450357616 ; , s. 276-278
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- LEGaTO is a three-year EU H2020 project which started in December 2017. The LEGaTO project will leverage task-based programming models to provide a software ecosystem for Made-in-Europe heterogeneous hardware composed of CPUs, GPUs, FPGAs and dataflow engines. The aim is to attain one order of magnitude energy savings from the edge to the converged cloud/HPC.
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| 8. |
- Dimopoulos, Meletios A., et al.
(författare)
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Safety and efficacy of pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone in STRATUS (MM-010) : A phase 3b study in refractory multiple myeloma
- 2016
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 128:4, s. 497-503
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) have poor prognosis. The STRATUS study assessed safety and efficacy of pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone in the largest cohort to date of patients with RRMM. Patients who failed treatment with bortezomib and lenalidomide and had adequate prior alkylator therapy were eligible. Pomalidomide 4 mg was given on days 1-21 of 28-day cycles with low-dose dexamethasone 40 mg (20 mg for patients aged >75 years) on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 until progressive disease or unacceptable toxicity. Safety was the primary end point; secondary end points included overall response rate (ORR), duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Among 682 patients enrolled, median age was 66 years, and median time since diagnosis was 5.3 years. Median number of prior regimens was 5. Most patients were refractory to both lenalidomide and bortezomib (80.2%). Median follow-up was 16.8 months; median duration of treatment was 4.9 months. Most frequent grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse events were hematologic (neutropenia [49.7%], anemia [33.0%], and thrombocytopenia [24.1%]). Most common grade 3/4 nonhematologic toxicities were pneumonia (10.9%) and fatigue (5.9%). Grade 3/4 venous thromboembolism and peripheral neuropathy were rare (1.6% each). The ORR was 32.6%, and the median DOR was 7.4 months. Median PFS and OS were 4.6 months and 11.9 months, respectively. We present the largest trial to date evaluating pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone in patients with RRMM, further confirming that this regimen offers clinically meaningful benefit and is generally well tolerated. www.Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT01712789.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Gifford, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal pessimism and spatial optimism in environmental assessments: An 18-nation study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Psychology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-4944. ; 29, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The personal assessments of the current and expected future state of the environment by 3232 community respondents in 18 nations were investigated at the local, national, and global spatial levels. These assessments were compared to a ranking of each country's environmental quality by an expert panel. Temporal pessimism (“things will get worse”) was found in the assessments at all three spatial levels. Spatial optimism bias (“things are better here than there”) was found in the assessments of current environmental conditions in 15 of 18 countries, but not in the assessments of the future. All countries except one exhibited temporal pessimism, but significant differences between them were common. Evaluations of current environmental conditions also differed by country. Citizens' assessments of current conditions, and the degree of comparative optimism, were strongly correlated with the expert panel's assessments of national environmental quality. Aside from the value of understanding global trends in environmental assessments, the results have important implications for environmental policy and risk management strategies.
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