| 2. |
- Wykowska, Agnieszka, et al.
(författare)
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Autistic traits and sensitivity to human-like features of robot behavior
- 2015
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Ingår i: Interaction Studies. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 1572-0373 .- 1572-0381. ; 16:2, s. 219-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined individual differences in sensitivity to human-like features of a robot's behavior. The paradigm comprised a non-verbal Turing test with a humanoid robot. A "programmed" condition differed from a "human-controlled" condition by onset times of the robot's eye movements, which were either fixed across trials or modeled after prerecorded human reaction times, respectively. Participants judged whether the robot behavior was programmed or human-controlled, with no information regarding the differences between respective conditions. Autistic traits were measured with the autism-spectrum quotient (AQ) questionnaire in healthy adults. We found that the fewer autistic traits participants had, the more sensitive they were to the difference between the conditions, without explicit awareness of the nature of the difference. We conclude that although sensitivity to fine behavioral characteristics of others varies with social aptitude, humans are in general capable of detecting human-like behavior based on very subtle cues.
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| 3. |
- Wykowska, Agnieszka, et al.
(författare)
-
Humans are Well Tuned to Detecting Agents Among Non-agents : Examining the Sensitivity of Human Perception to Behavioral Characteristics of Intentional Systems
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Social Robotics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1875-4791 .- 1875-4805. ; 7:5, s. 767-781
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For efficient social interactions, humans have developed means to predict and understand others’ behavior often with reference to intentions and desires. To infer others’ intentions, however, one must assume that the other is an agent with a mind and mental states. With two experiments, this study examined if the human perceptual system is sensitive to detecting human agents, based on only subtle behavioral cues. Participants observed robots, which performed pointing gestures interchangeably to the left or right with one of their two arms. Onset times of the pointing movements could have been pre-programmed, human-controlled (Experiment 1), or modeled after a human behavior (Experiment 2). The task was to determine if the observed behavior was controlled by a human or by a computer program, without any information about what parameters of behavior this judgment should be based on. Results showed that participants were able to detect human behavior above chance in both experiments. Moreover, participants were asked to discriminate a letter (F/T) presented on the left or the right side of a screen. The letter could have been either validly cued by the robot (location that the robot pointed to coincided with the location of the letter) or invalidly cued (the robot pointed to the opposite location than the letter was presented). In this cueing task, target discrimination was better for the valid versus invalid conditions in Experiment 1 where a human face was presented centrally on a screen throughout the experiment. This effect was not significant in Experiment 2 where participants were exposed only to a robotic face. In sum, present results show that the human perceptual system is sensitive to subtleties of human behavior. Attending to where others attend, however, is modulated not only by adopting the Intentional Stance but also by the way participants interpret the observed stimuli
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