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- Lakomaa, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Open data as a foundation for innovation: The enabling effect of free public sector information for entrepreneurs
- 2013
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Ingår i: IEEE Access. - 2169-3536. ; 1, s. 558-563
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Public open data access has a direct impact on future IT entrepreneurs' perception of ability to execute their business plans. Using high quality (50%-98% response rate) survey data from 138 Swedish ITentrepreneurs, we find that access to public open data is considered very important for many IT-startups; 43% find open data essential for the realization of their business plan and 82% claim that access would support and strengthen the business plan. The survey also indicates a significant interest in, and willingness to pay for, public sector information data from companies that do not intend to commercialize data themselves but intend to use it to support or test other business models. From the survey, it is possible to infer that the previous discourse on open data, viewing it as a means for government accountability or e-government, or as the foundation for the commercialization of public sector information data is too limited. Open data should instead be seen as an enabler of innovation outside these traditional sectors. This also indicates that the previously calculated societal values of open data might be underestimated. © 2013 IEEE.
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- Lakomaa, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Societal Cyberwar Theory Applied: The Disruptive Power of State Actor Aggression for Public Sector Information Security
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The modern welfare state faces significant challenges to be able to sustain a systematic cyber conflict that pursues the institutional destabilization of the targeted state. Cyber defense in these advanced democracies are limited, unstructured, and focused on anecdotal cyber interchanges of marginal geopolitical value. The factual reach of government activities once a conflict is initiated is likely to be miniscule. Therefore the information security activities, and assessments leading to cyber defense efforts, have to be strategically pre-event coordinated within the state. This coordination should be following a framework that ensures institutional stability, public trust, and limit challenges to the state. The paper presents a case to use societal cyber war theory to create a public sector cyber defense strategy beforehand facing a massive state actor initiated automated systematic cyber attacks to limit the risk for a societal system shock. Societal cyber war theory utilizes a theoretical framework created by political scientist Dwight Waldo for government stability, turns it upside down, and uses the theory to identify cyber targets and aim points. As a theory it can be used in cyber defense and offense as the institutional weaknesses can be either attacked or defended. According to societal cyber war theory the aim points to be targeted by an automated premeditated systematic attack that will cripple the targeted nation is the five pillars that upholds the state - legitimacy, authority, knowledge, control, and confidence. The failure to protect the institutional stability could undermine the state's ability to avoid submission to foreign power.
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- Öjekull, Jenny, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Dissociative recombination of water cluster ions with free electrons : Cross sections and branching ratios
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 128:4, s. 44311-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dissociative recombination (DR) of water cluster ions H+(H2O)(n) (n=4-6) with ree electrons has been studied at the heavy-ion storage ring CRYRING (Manne Siegbahn Laboratory, Stockholm University). For the first time, branching ratios have been determined for the dominating product channels and absolute DR cross sections have been measured in the energy range from 0.001 to 0.7 eV. Dissociative recombination is concluded to result in extensive fragmentation for all three cluster ions, and a maximum number of heavy oxygen-containing fragments is produced with a probability close to unity. The branching ratio results agree with earlier DR studies of smaller water cluster ions where the channel nH(2)O+H has been observed to dominate and where energy transfer to internal degrees of freedom has been concluded to be highly efficient. The absolute DR cross sections for H+(H2O)(n) (n=4-6) decrease monotonically with increasing energy with an energy dependence close to E-1 in the lower part of the energy range and a faster falloff at higher energies, in agreement with the behavior of other studied heavy ions. The cross section data have been used to calculate DR rate coefficients in the temperature range of 10-2000 K. The results from storage ring experiments with water cluster ions are concluded to partly confirm the earlier results from afterglow experiments. The DR rate coefficients for H+(H2O)(n) (n=1-6) are in general somewhat lower than reported from afterglow experiments. The rate coefficient tends to increase with increasing cluster size, but not in the monotonic way that has been reported from afterglow experiments. The needs for further experimental studies and for theoretical models that can be used to predict the DR rate of polyatomic ions are discussed.
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