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- Georgieva, V., et al.
(författare)
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Association between vitamin D, antimicrobial peptides and urinary tract infection in infants and young children
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 108:3, s. 551-556
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Vitamin D stimulates production of the endogenous antimicrobial peptides cathelicidin and β-defensin-2, which are expressed in the urinary tract. We investigated vitamin D status and levels of cathelicidin and β-defensin-2 and their association with urinary tract infection (UTI). Methods: The study included 120 children under three years of age: 76 children with UTIs and 44 otherwise healthy children with congenital hydronephrosis. Serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels were measured by direct competitive electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay, and plasma cathelicidin and β-defensin-2 concentrations were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: We found that vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency are prevalent in young children (21%). Serum vitamin D levels negatively correlated with age and were significantly lower in girls. Levels of vitamin D positively correlated with levels of cathelicidin but not with β-defensin-2. Low concentrations of vitamin D were associated with UTIs in girls, but we did not see any correlation with the recurrence of infection at one-year follow-up. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is common and may prove to be a risk factor for UTIs especially in girls. We hypothesise that adequate supplementation with vitamin D may become a way to prevent first-time UTIs.
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- Kamolvit, W, et al.
(författare)
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Lupinus mutabilis Edible Beans Protect against Bacterial Infection in Uroepithelial Cells
- 2018
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Ingår i: Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1741-427X .- 1741-4288. ; 2018, s. 1098015-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lupinus mutabilisis a South American herb with edible beans, known to reduce serum glucose levels in diabetic patients. Furthermore,L. mutabiliscontains phytochemicals known to decrease bacterial load. Based on the increased urinary tract infections experienced among patients with diabetes, we investigated the effect ofL. mutabilison bladder epithelial cells in the protection ofE. coliinfection during normal and high glucose concentrations. We did not observe any direct antibacterial effect byL. mutabilisextract. Instead we observed an influence on the host cells, with indirect impact on bacteria and their possibility of causing infection.L. mutabilisextract decreased adhesion to bladder epithelial cells of uropathogenic bacteria, including drug-resistant strains.Moreover, uroplakin1a, involved in adhesion, was downregulated while the antimicrobial peptide RNase 7 was upregulated inL. mutabilistreated cells irrespectively of glucose concentration. This supports an early effect fighting bacteria. Additionally,L. mutabilisprevented bacterial biofilm formation, which is used by bacteria to evade the immune system and antibiotics. In summary,L. mutabilisprotects against bacterial infection in uroepithelial cells by preventing adhesion through alteration of the cell surface, increasing antimicrobial peptide expression, and reducing biofilm formation. Together, this promotes bacterial clearance, suggesting thatL. mutabilisas extract or as a dietary item can contribute to the prevention of urinary tract infections, which is of importance in an era of increasing antibiotic resistance.
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- Majhi, RK, et al.
(författare)
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Metformin strengthens uroepithelial immunity against E. coli infection
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1, s. 19263-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urinary tract infection frequently caused by E. coli is one of the most common bacterial infections. Increasing antibiotic resistance jeopardizes successful treatment and alternative treatment strategies are therefore mandatory. Metformin, an oral antidiabetic drug, has been shown to activate macrophages in the protection against certain infecting microorganisms. Since epithelial cells often form the first line of defense, we here investigated the effect on uroepithelial cells during E. coli infection. Metformin upregulated the human antimicrobial peptides cathelicidin LL-37 and RNase7 via modulation of the TRPA1 channel and AMPK pathway. Interestingly, metformin stimulation enriched both LL-37 and TRPA1 in lysosomes. In addition, metformin specifically increased nitric oxide and mitochondrial, but not cytosolic ROS. Moreover, metformin also triggered mRNA expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL1B, CXCL8 and growth factor GDF15 in human uroepithelial cells. The GDF15 peptide stimulated macrophages increased LL-37 expression, with increased bacterial killing. In conclusion, metformin stimulation strengthened the innate immunity of uroepithelial cells inducing enhanced extracellular and intracellular bacterial killing suggesting a favorable role of metformin in the host defense.
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- Mohanty, S, et al.
(författare)
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Vitamin D strengthens the bladder epithelial barrier by inducing tight junction proteins during E. coli urinary tract infection
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cell and tissue research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0878 .- 0302-766X. ; 380:3, s. 669-673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tight junction proteins are pivotal to prevent bacterial invasion of the epithelial barrier. We here report that supplementation with vitamin D can strengthen the urinary bladder lining. Vitamin D deficient and sufficient mice were infected with Escherichia coli (E. coli) transurethrally to cause urinary tract infection. In addition, bladder biopsies were obtained from postmenopausal women before and after a 3-month period of supplementation with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25D3) and ex vivo infected with E. coli. In biopsies, obtained before E. coli infection, vitamin D had no impact on tight junction proteins. However, during E. coli infection, vitamin D induced occludin and claudin-14 in mature superficial umbrella cells of the urinary bladder, as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. Increased cell-cell adhesion consolidating the epithelial integrity is thereby promoted. We here describe a novel role of vitamin D in the urinary tract supporting vitamin D supplementation to restore the bladder epithelial integrity.
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