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- Kanari, N., et al.
(författare)
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Some aspects of the reactivity of olivine and serpentine towards different chlorinating gas mixtures
- 1998
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Ingår i: Thermochimica Acta. - 0040-6031 .- 1872-762X. ; 319:1-2, s. 97-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reactivities of olivine and serpentine towards mixture of chlorine in air, nitrogen and carbon monoxide were studied in non-isothermal conditions up to 1000°C. The samples were also chlorinated in a horizontal reactor over 2 h between 500° and 1000°C, under oxidizing and reducing atmospheres. The chlorination products were examined by XRD and SEM.The iron-bearing compounds contained in the natural olivine and serpentine samples can be eliminated through chlorination or oxychlorination of these solids at temperatures lower than 900°C. Carbochlorination of olivine and serpentine is incomplete even at 1000°C for a reaction time of 2 h. Pure magnesium chloride can be recovered by cooling the gas phase at ca. 500°C.
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- Messi, F., et al.
(författare)
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Gamma- and Fast Neutron- Sensitivity of 10B- Based Neutron Detectors at ESS
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, NSS/MIC 2017 - Conference Proceedings. - 9781538622827
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Spallation Source (ESS), presently under construction in Lund, Sweden, is designed to be the world's brightest neutron source. When it will be in operation, ESS will deliver an instantaneous neutron flux on detectors that will be without precedent. A down side of the high brightness will be the increase of background, especially from gamma-rays and fast-neutrons.Considering that scattering cross-sections of many samples tend to be relatively low and that the gamma- and fast-neutronbackgrounds tend to be considerable high at spallation facilities [Che +14], the signal-to-noise ratio of a measurement needs to be maximised. The sensitivity of a thermal-neutron detector to gamma-rays and to fast-neutrons is a very important characteristic, as it defines the best achievable signal-to-noise ratio for the measurement. It is therefore crucial to measure the gamma- and fast-neutron- sensitivities of all detectors that will be installed on the instruments at ESS.
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- Pineau, J.L., et al.
(författare)
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Representativeness of an automobile shredder residue sample for a verification analysis
- 2005
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Ingår i: Waste Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 25:7, s. 737-746
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To apply a decision-making scheme using a statistical classification while conforming to the meaning of representativeness as defined by the US EPA, we propose an equation defining the representativeness of a sample. To utilize this equation, the batch must be homogenized. This requires analyzing the constitution and distribution heterogeneities. The equation relates the sample weight ms to its representativeness R either by a statistical approach or by a physical approach using the following equation:ms={4/(1-R)2}·[K+ke(1-2te)/te] In the equation, K and ke are the heterogeneity factors determined from a descriptive analysis. This equation is applicable to solid waste with majority constituents such as automobile shredder residue (ASR) and domestic waste. This analysis was applied to a sample of ASR in the framework of a verification for France. The results of the analysis showed that the sample weight must be at least 140 kg to have a representativeness of 90%.
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