1. |
- Pirozhkov, A. S., et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic of laser contrast using target reflectivity
- 2009
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 94:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using three different laser systems, we demonstrate a convenient and simple plasma based diagnostic of the contrast of high-power short-pulse lasers. The technique is based on measuring the specular reflectivity from a solid target. The reflectivity remains high even at relativistic intensities above 10(19) W/cm(2) in the case of a high-contrast prepulse-free laser. On the contrary, the specular reflectivity drops with increasing intensities in the case of systems with insufficient contrast due to beam breakup and increased absorption caused by preplasma.
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2. |
- Sperber, A. D., et al.
(författare)
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Face-to-face interviews versus Internet surveys: Comparison of two data collection methods in the Rome foundation global epidemiology study: Implications for population-based research
- 2023
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Ingår i: Neurogastroenterology and Motility. - 1350-1925. ; 35:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and AimsThe Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study (RFGES) assessed the prevalence, burden, and associated factors of Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction (DGBI) in 33 countries around the world. Achieving worldwide sampling necessitated use of two different surveying methods: In-person household interviews (9 countries) and Internet surveys (26 countries). Two countries, China and Turkey, were surveyed with both methods. This paper examines the differences in the survey results with the two methods, as well as likely reasons for those differences. MethodsThe two RFGES survey methods are described in detail, and differences in DGBI findings summarized for household versus Internet surveys globally, and in more detail for China and Turkey. Logistic regression analysis was used to elucidate factors contributing to these differences. ResultsOverall, DGBI were only half as prevalent when assessed with household vs Internet surveys. Similar patterns of methodology-related DGBI differences were seen within both China and Turkey, but prevalence differences between the survey methods were dramatically larger in Turkey. No clear reasons for outcome differences by survey method were identified, although greater relative reduction in bowel and anorectal versus upper gastrointestinal disorders when household versus Internet surveying was used suggests an inhibiting influence of social sensitivity. ConclusionsThe findings strongly indicate that besides affecting data quality, manpower needs and data collection time and costs, the choice of survey method is a substantial determinant of symptom reporting and DGBI prevalence outcomes. This has important implications for future DGBI research and epidemiological research more broadly.
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3. |
- Sperber, A. D., et al.
(författare)
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Worldwide Prevalence and Burden of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Results of Rome Foundation Global Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-5085. ; 160:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: Although functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), now called disorders of gut-brain interaction, have major economic effects on health care systems and adversely affect quality of life, little is known about their global prevalence and distribution. We investigated the prevalence of and factors associated with 22 FGIDs, in 33 countries on 6 continents. METHODS: Data were collected via the Internet in 24 countries, personal interviews in 7 countries, and both in 2 countries, using the Rome IV diagnostic questionnaire, Rome III irritable bowel syndrome questions, and 80 items to identify variables associated with FGIDs. Data collection methods differed for Internet and household groups, so data analyses were conducted and reported separately. RESULTS: Among the 73,076 adult respondents (49.5% women), diagnostic criteria were met for at least 1 FGID by 40.3% persons who completed the Internet surveys (95% confidence interval [CI], 39.9-40.7) and 20.7% of persons who completed the household surveys (95% CI, 20.2-21.3). FGIDs were more prevalent among women than men, based on responses to the Internet survey (odds ratio, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.6-1.7) and household survey (odds ratio, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.3-1.4). FGIDs were associated with lower quality of life and more frequent doctor visits. Proportions of subjects with irritable bowel syndrome were lower when the Rome IV criteria were used, compared with the Rome III criteria, in the Internet survey (4.1% vs 10.1%) and household survey (1.5% vs 3.5%). CONCLUSIONS: In a large-scale multinational study, we found that more than 40% of persons worldwide have FGIDs, which affect quality of life and health care use. Although the absolute prevalence was higher among Internet respondents, similar trends and relative distributions were found in people who completed Internet vs personal interviews.
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4. |
- Almqvist, E, et al.
(författare)
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Ancestral differences in the distribution of the delta 2642 glutamic acid polymorphism is associated with varying CAG repeat lengths on normal chromosomes : insights into the genetic evolution of Huntington disease.
- 1995
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 4:2, s. 207-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study addresses genetic factors associated with normal variation of the CAG repeat in the Huntington disease (HD) gene. To achieve this, we have studied patterns of variation of three trinucleotide repeats in the HD gene including the CAG and adjacent CCG repeats as well as a GAG polymorphism at residue 2642 (delta 2642). We have previously demonstrated that variation in the CCG repeat is associated with variation of the CAG repeat length on normal chromosomes. Here we show that differences in the GAG trinucleotide polymorphism at residue 2642 is also significantly correlated with CAG size on normal chromosomes. The B allele which is associated with higher CAG repeat lengths on normal chromosomes is markedly enriched on affected chromosomes. Furthermore, this glutamic acid polymorphism shows significant variation in different ancestries and is absent in chromosomes of Japanese, Black and Chinese descent. Haplotype analysis of both the CCG and delta 2642 polymorphisms have indicated that both are independently associated with differences in CAG length on normal chromosomes. These findings lead to a model for the genetic evolution of new mutations for HD preferentially occurring on normal chromosomes with higher CAG repeat lengths and a CCG repeat length of seven and/or a deletion of the glutamic acid residue at delta 2642. This study also provides additional evidence for genetic contributions to demographic differences in prevalence rates for HD.
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5. |
- Fan, G. W., et al.
(författare)
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Density distribution of 8Li and 8B$ and capture reaction at low energy
- 2015
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Ingår i: Phys. Rev. C. ; 91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reaction cross sections of 8Li on stable targets were measured at intermediate energies. With the existing experimental data of interaction cross sections at 790 MeV/nucleon the nucleon density distribution of 8Liwas extracted by the use of the modified Glauber model. Meanwhile, the existing data of 8B have been also reanalyzed. Structures of 8Li and 8B were compared through the density. On the basis of dilute surface densities, the discussion of 7Li(n,γ)8Li and 7Be(p,γ)8B capture reactions was performed within the framework of the direct capture reaction mechanism. The calculations agreed quite well with the experimental data as well as other analyses.
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6. |
- Fan, G. W., et al.
(författare)
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Structure of 8Li from a reaction cross-section measurement
- 2014
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Ingår i: Phys. Rev. C. - American Physical Society. ; 90, s. 044321-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have precisely measured reaction cross sections (σR) for 8Li using 9Be, 12C, 27Al, and proton targets at intermediate energies by the transmission method. From the energy dependence of the σR including the high energy data, the density distribution of 8Li was deduced through a modified Glauber model. It is shown that 8Li has a shorter tail structure in the density as compared with that of 8B and the matter radius of 8Li is similar to those of the other nonhalo Li isotopes. The result is consistent with the previous experiments that there is a tendency for 8Li to be a skin nucleus.
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7. |
- Fukuda, M., et al.
(författare)
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Reaction cross section studies at NIRS and RIBF
- 2010
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Ingår i: American Institute of Physics Conference Series. - American Institute of Physics : AIP. ; , s. 270-273
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reaction cross sections for stable nuclei at intermediate energies have been measured precisely and systematically. The data have been found to be reproduced nicely by the optical‐limit approximation of Glauber theory modified to include the nucleon multiple scattering effect and the Fermi‐motion effect. Applying this prescription, the nucleon density distribution of 17Ne has been studied. The surface structure of 8B and 11Be has been also studied using this prescription and hydrogen targets. Using the RIBF that has just started application to studies of exotic nuclei, neutron‐rich Ne isotopes around the Island of Inversion have been investigated through measurements of their interaction cross sections.
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8. |
- Hreinsson, Johann P., 1987, et al.
(författare)
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A comparative study of disorders of gut-brain interaction in Western Europe and Asia based on the Rome foundation global epidemiology study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Neurogastroenterology and Motility. - : Wiley. - 1350-1925 .- 1365-2982. ; 35:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveMany studies have been published on disorders of the gut-brain interaction (DGBI) in Asia and Western Europe, but no previous study has directly assessed the difference between the two regions. The aim was to compare the prevalence of DGBI in Asia and Western Europe. MethodsWe used data collected in a population-based Internet survey, the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study, from countries in Western Europe (Belgium, France, Germany, Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom) and Asia (China, Japan, South Korea, and Singapore). We assessed DGBI diagnoses (Rome IV Adult Diagnostic Questionnaire), anxiety/depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-4, PHQ-4), non-GI somatic symptoms (PHQ-12), and access to and personal costs of doctor visits. ResultsThe study included 9487 subjects in Asia and 16,314 in Western Europe. Overall, 38.0% had at least one DGBI; younger age, female sex, and higher scores on PHQ4 and PHQ12 were all associated with DGBI. The prevalence of having at least one DGBI was higher in Western Europe than in Asia (39.1% vs 36.1%, OR 1.14 [95% CI 1.08-1.20]). This difference was also observed for DGBI by anatomical regions, most prominently esophageal DGBI (OR 1.67 [1.48-1.88]). After adjustment, the difference in DGBI prevalence diminished and psychological (PHQ-4) and non-GI somatic symptoms (PHQ-12) had the greatest effect on the odds ratio estimates. ConclusionThe prevalence of DGBI is generally higher in Western Europe compared to Asia. A considerable portion of the observed difference in prevalence rates seems to be explained by more severe psychological and non-GI somatic symptoms in Western Europe.
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9. |
- Yamaguchi, T., et al.
(författare)
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Energy-dependent charge-changing cross sections and proton distribution of 28Si
- 2010
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Ingår i: Phys. Rev. C. ; 82, s. 014609-1-014609-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The charge-changing cross sections (σcc) of 28Si on a carbon target were measured with high precision atintermediate energies from 100 to 600 MeV/nucleon. The measured σcc decreases rapidly from low energies upto 200 MeV/nucleon, whereas at higher energies it appears almost constant. The energy dependence of σcc iscompared with a Glauber-type model calculation where only the proton distribution of 28Si is taken into account.A phenomenological correction factor deduced from the present data satisfactorily reproduces the experimentalσcc for other stable nuclei, whose charge distributions were determined by electron scattering and muon captureexperiments.
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