| 1. |
- Salojarvi, Jarkko, et al.
(författare)
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Genome sequencing and population genomic analyses provide insights into the adaptive landscape of silver birch
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 49:6, s. 904-912
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Silver birch (Betula pendula) is a pioneer boreal tree that can be induced to flower within 1 year. Its rapid life cycle, small (440-Mb) genome, and advanced germplasm resources make birch an attractive model for forest biotechnology. We assembled and chromosomally anchored the nuclear genome of an inbred B. pendula individual. Gene duplicates from the paleohexaploid event were enriched for transcriptional regulation, whereas tandem duplicates were overrepresented by environmental responses. Population resequencing of 80 individuals showed effective population size crashes at major points of climatic upheaval. Selective sweeps were enriched among polyploid duplicates encoding key developmental and physiological triggering functions, suggesting that local adaptation has tuned the timing of and cross-talk between fundamental plant processes. Variation around the tightly-linked light response genes PHYC and FRS10 correlated with latitude and longitude and temperature, and with precipitation for PHYC. Similar associations characterized the growth-promoting cytokinin response regulator ARR1, and the wood development genes KAK and MED5A.
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| 2. |
- Wrzaczek, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Transcriptional regulation of the CRK/DUF26 group of Receptor-like rotein kinases by ozone and plant hormones in Arabidopsis
- 2010
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Ingår i: BMC Plant Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2229. ; 10, s. 95-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Plant Receptor-like/Pelle kinases (RLK) are a group of onserved signalling components that regulate developmental programs and esponses to biotic and abiotic stresses. One of the largest RLK groups s formed by the Domain of Unknown Function 26 (DUF26) RLKs, also called ysteine-rich Receptor-like Kinases (CRKs), which have been suggested to lay important roles in the regulation of pathogen defence and rogrammed cell death. Despite the vast number of RLKs present in lants, however, only a few of them have been functionally haracterized. esults: We examined the transcriptional regulation of all Arabidopsis RKs by ozone (O(3)), high light and pathogen/ elicitor reatment-conditions known to induce the production of reactive oxygen pecies (ROS) in various subcellular compartments. Several CRKs were ranscriptionally induced by exposure to O(3) but not by light stress. (3) induces an extracellular oxidative burst, whilst light stress leads o ROS production in chloroplasts. Analysis of publicly available icroarray data revealed that the transcriptional responses of the CRKs o O(3) were very similar to responses to microbes or athogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Several mutants altered n hormone biosynthesis or signalling showed changes in basal and (3)-induced transcriptional responses. onclusions: Combining expression analysis from multiple treatments with utants altered in hormone biosynthesis or signalling suggest a model in hich O(3) and salicylic acid (SA) activate separate signaling pathways hat exhibit negative crosstalk. Although O(3) is classified as an biotic stress to plants, transcriptional profiling of CRKs showed trong similarities between the O(3) and biotic stress responses.
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| 3. |
- Jarvi, Sari, et al.
(författare)
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Photosystem II Repair and Plant Immunity : Lessons Learned from Arabidopsis Mutant Lacking the THYLAKOID LUMEN PROTEIN 18.3
- 2016
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-462X. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chloroplasts play an important role in the cellular sensing of abiotic and biotic stress. Signals originating from photosynthetic light reactions, in the form of redox and pH changes, accumulation of reactive oxygen and electrophile species or stromal metabolites are of key importance in chloroplast retrograde signaling. These signals initiate plant acclimation responses to both abiotic and biotic stresses. To reveal the molecular responses activated by rapid fluctuations in growth light intensity, gene expression analysis was performed with Arabidopsis thaliana wild type and the tlp18.3 mutant plants, the latter showing a stunted growth phenotype under fluctuating light conditions (Biochem. J, 406, 415-425). Expression pattern of genes encoding components of the photosynthetic electron transfer chain did not differ between fluctuating and constant light conditions, neither in wild type nor in tlp18.3 plants, and the composition of the thylakoid membrane protein complexes likewise remained unchanged. Nevertheless, the fluctuating light conditions repressed in wild-type plants a broad spectrum of genes involved in immune responses, which likely resulted from shade-avoidance responses and their intermixing with hormonal signaling. On the contrary, in the tlp18.3 mutant plants there was an imperfect repression of defense-related transcripts upon growth under fluctuating light, possibly by signals originating from minor malfunction of the photosystem II (PSII) repair cycle, which directly or indirectly modulated the transcript abundances of genes related to light perception via phytochromes. Consequently, a strong allocation of resources to defense reactions in the tlp18.3 mutant plants presumably results in the stunted growth phenotype under fluctuating light.
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| 4. |
- Suorsa, Marjaana, et al.
(författare)
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PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION5 Is Essential for Proper Acclimation of Arabidopsis Photosystem I to Naturally and Artificially Fluctuating Light Conditions
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Plant Cell. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1040-4651 .- 1532-298X. ; 24:7, s. 2934-2948
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In nature, plants are challenged by constantly changing light conditions. To reveal the molecular mechanisms behind acclimation to sometimes drastic and frequent changes in light intensity, we grew Arabidopsis thaliana under fluctuating light conditions, in which the low light periods were repeatedly interrupted with high light peaks. Such conditions had only marginal effect on photosystem II but induced damage to photosystem I (PSI), the damage being most severe during the early developmental stages. We showed that PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION5 (PGR5)-dependent regulation of electron transfer and proton motive force is crucial for protection of PSI against photodamage, which occurred particularly during the high light phases of fluctuating light cycles. Contrary to PGR5, the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex, which mediates cyclic electron flow around PSI, did not contribute to acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus, particularly PSI, to rapidly changing light intensities. Likewise, the Arabidopsis pgr5 mutant exhibited a significantly higher mortality rate compared with the wild type under outdoor field conditions. This shows not only that regulation of PSI under natural growth conditions is crucial but also the importance of PGR5 in PSI protection.
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| 5. |
- Yin, Lan, et al.
(författare)
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Role of Thylakoid ATP/ADP Carrier in Photoinhibition and Photoprotection of Photosystem II in Arabidopsis
- 2010
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Ingår i: PLANT PHYSIOLOGY. - : American Society of Plant Biologists. - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 153:2, s. 666-677
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chloroplast thylakoid ATP/ADP carrier (TAAC) belongs to the mitochondrial carrier superfamily and supplies the thylakoid lumen with stromal ATP in exchange for ADP. Here, we investigate the physiological consequences of TAAC depletion in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We show that the deficiency of TAAC in two T-DNA insertion lines does not modify the chloroplast ultrastructure, the relative amounts of photosynthetic proteins, the pigment composition, and the photosynthetic activity. Under growth light conditions, the mutants initially displayed similar shoot weight, but lower when reaching full development, and were less tolerant to high light conditions in comparison with the wild type. These observations prompted us to study in more detail the effects of TAAC depletion on photoinhibition and photoprotection of the photosystem II (PSII) complex. The steady-state phosphorylation levels of PSII proteins were not affected, but the degradation of the reaction center II D1 protein was blocked, and decreased amounts of CP43-less PSII monomers were detected in the mutants. Besides this, the mutant leaves displayed a transiently higher nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence than the wild-type leaves, especially at low light. This may be attributed to the accumulation in the absence of TAAC of a higher electrochemical H+ gradient in the first minutes of illumination, which more efficiently activates photoprotective xanthophyll cycle-dependent and independent mechanisms. Based on these results, we propose that TAAC plays a critical role in the disassembly steps during PSII repair and in addition may balance the trans-thylakoid electrochemical H+ gradient storage.
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