| 1. |
- Kanstrup, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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A validation of the pain interference index in adults with longstanding pain
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : WILEY-BLACKWELL. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 60:2, s. 250-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Chronic pain is a major health problem and more knowledge is needed regarding the interference of pain on behaviors in different life domains. Clinically useful and statistically sound pain interference measures are highly important. Studies on youths have shown that the Pain Interference Index (PII) is a reliable and valid instrument that is sensitive to change following behavioral treatment. This measure may also have utility for adults, but no study has so far evaluated the statistical properties of the PII for long-standing pain in adults. Methods: Data were collected from 239 consecutive adults with non-specific chronic pain referred to a tertiary pain clinic. We investigated the factor structure of items using a principal component analysis. Cronbachs alpha was calculated to assess internal consistency. The questionnaires ability to predict levels of, e.g., disability was analyzed by means of regression analyses. Results: Analyses illustrated the adequacy of a one-factor solution with six items. Cronbachs alpha (0.85) suggested a satisfactory internal consistency among items. The PII explained significant amounts of variance in pain disability, physical, and mental health-related quality of life and depression, suggesting concurrent criteria validity. Conclusion: The PII is a brief questionnaire with reliable and valid statistical properties to assess pain interference in adults. Other studies support the reliability and validity of PII for use with youths, and now the PII can be used to analyze the influence of pain on behaviors across age groups. Potentially, the PII can also be used as an outcome measure in clinical trials.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Helge, E. Wulff, et al.
(författare)
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BMD in elite female triathletes is related to isokinetic peak torque without any association to sex hormone concentrations
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. - : Edizioni Minerva Medica. - 0022-4707 .- 1827-1928. ; 52:5, s. 489-500
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. Female endurance athletes suffering from low energy availability and reproductive hormonal disorders are at risk of low BMD. Muscle forces acting on bone may have a reverse site-specific effect. Therefore we wanted to test how BMD in female elite triathletes was associated to isokinetic peak torque (IPT) and reproductive hormone concentrations (RHC). A possible effect of oral contraceptives (OCON's) is taken into consideration. Methods. Eight female elite triathletes (training 8-24 hrs/wk) and seven sedentary controls, age 21-37 years, participated. Total body and regional BIVID (g.cm(-2)) were measured by DXA. IPT were measured during knee extension, and trunk extension and flexion (Nm). Serum RHC and biochemical bone markers were evaluated. Energy balance was estimated from 7-days training-and weighed food records. Results. Despite a high training volume, BMD in triathletes was not higher than in controls. In triathletes trunk flexion IPT, but not RHC, was a strong predictor of BMD in both total body and femur (0.70
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Hoppe, Johanna M., et al.
(författare)
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Hotspots in the immediate aftermath of trauma : Mental imagery of worst moments highlighting time, space and motion
- 2022
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Ingår i: Consciousness and Cognition. - : Elsevier. - 1053-8100 .- 1090-2376. ; 99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intrusive memories of trauma (memories that enter consciousness involuntarily) highjack cognitive processing, cause emotional distress, and represent a core symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder. Intrusive memories often contain the worst moment/s (‘hotspots’) of the trauma memory. Little is known about hotspots shortly after they are formed, i.e., in the first hours after trauma. We investigated the features of hotspots in trauma-exposed individuals (n = 21) within 72 h post-trauma, using linguistic analysis and qualitative coding. On average, participants reported three hotspots per traumatic event (M = 7.8 words/hotspot). Hotspots primarily contained words related to time, space, motion, and sensory processing. Most hotspots contained sensory features (97%) and motion (59%). Few cognitions and no emotion words were identified. Results indicate that hotspots collected shortly post-trauma are expressed as motion-rich sensory-perceptual experiences (mental imagery) with little detail about emotion/cognition. Findings are discussed in terms of the function of hotspots (e.g., preparedness for action) and clinical implications.
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| 6. |
- Iyadurai, Lalitha, et al.
(författare)
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Reducing intrusive memories after trauma via an imagery-competing task intervention in COVID-19 intensive care staff : a randomised controlled trial
- 2023
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Ingår i: Translational Psychiatry. - : Springer Nature. - 2158-3188. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intrusive memories (IMs) after traumatic events can be distressing and disrupt mental health and functioning. We evaluated the impact of a brief remotely-delivered digital imagery-competing task intervention on the number of IMs for intensive care unit (ICU) staff who faced repeated trauma exposure during the COVID-19 pandemic using a two-arm, parallel-group, single-blind randomised controlled trial, with the comparator arm receiving delayed access to active treatment (crossover). Eligible participants worked clinically in a UK NHS ICU during the pandemic and had at least 3 IMs of work-related traumatic events in the week before recruitment. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to immediate (weeks 1-4) or delayed (weeks 5-8) intervention access. Sequential Bayesian analyses to optimise the intervention and increase trial efficiency are reported elsewhere [1]. The primary endpoint for the pre-specified frequentist analysis of the final study population compared the number of IMs experienced in week 4 between the immediate and delayed access arms. Secondary outcomes included clinical symptoms, work functioning and wellbeing. Safety was assessed throughout the trial by scheduled questions and free report. All analyses were undertaken on an intention-to-treat basis (86 randomised participants). There were significantly fewer intrusive memories during week 4 in the immediate (median = 1, IQR = 0-3, n = 43), compared to the comparator delayed arm (median = 10, IQR = 6-17, n = 43), IRR 0.31, 95% CI: 0.20-0.48, p < 0.001. After crossover, the delayed arm also showed a significant reduction in IMs at week 8 compared to week 4. There were convergent findings for symptoms of PTSD, insomnia and anxiety, work engagement and burnout, general functioning and quality of life. The intervention was found safe and acceptable to participants. All adverse events were unrelated to the study. Our study provides the first evidence of a benefit on reducing IMs, improving other clinical symptoms, work functioning and wellbeing, as well as safety of a brief remotely-delivered digital imagery-competing task intervention. An efficacy trial with an active control and longer follow-up is warranted. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04992390).
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| 7. |
- Kanstrup, C., et al.
(författare)
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Artificial Fluorescent Glucosinolates (F-GSLs) Are Transported by the Glucosinolate Transporters GTR1/2/3
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1422-0067. ; 24:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The glucosinolate transporters 1/2/3 (GTR1/2/3) from the Nitrate and Peptide transporter Family (NPF) play an essential role in the transport, accumulation, and distribution of the specialized plant metabolite glucosinolates. Due to representing both antinutritional and health-promoting compounds, there is increasing interest in characterizing GTRs from various plant species. We generated seven artificial glucosinolates (either aliphatic or benzenic) bearing different fluorophores (Fluorescein, BODIPY, Rhodamine, Dansylamide, and NBD) and investigated the ability of GTR1/2/3 from Arabidopsis thaliana to import the fluorescent glucosinolates (F-GSLs) into oocytes from Xenopus laevis. Five out of the seven F-GSLs synthesized were imported by at least one of the GTRs. GTR1 and GTR2 were able to import three F-GSLs actively above external concentration, while GTR3 imported only one actively. Competition assays indicate that the F-GSLs are transported by the same mechanism as non-tagged natural glucosinolates. The GTR-mediated F-GSL uptake is detected via a rapid and sensitive assay only requiring simple fluorescence measurements on a standard plate reader. This is highly useful in investigations of glucosinolate transport function and provides a critical prerequisite for elucidating the relationship between structure and function through high-throughput screening of GTR mutant libraries. The F-GSL themselves may also be suitable for future studies on glucosinolate transport in vivo.
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| 8. |
- Kanstrup, M, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescent and Parent Experiences of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Pediatric Chronic Pain: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Children (Basel, Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2227-9067. ; 6:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pediatric chronic pain is common and can be related to reduced functioning in many domains for the young person and their parents. Existing psychological treatments such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) have shown to be effective, but improvements are needed. Qualitative approaches can help improve our understanding of treatment processes and outcomes. The aim of the present qualitative interview study was to explore the lived experiences of young people and parents who had participated in ACT for pediatric chronic pain. Four young persons and four parents were interviewed, and data was analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Three themes were generated, each comprising two subthemes: (1) ‘Warning system’, which included experiences from being offered this psychological intervention, and the alternative explanations provided for pain; (2) ‘Change and challenges’, which suggested the importance of the values-based work, and of individual adaptation; and (3) ’A common language’ in which the interaction with others and new ways to communicate around the pain experience were described. Findings highlight the importance of pain education, formulating and acting in line with personal values, and communication around the pain experience, as well as the need for developmental and individual adaptations of interventions.
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| 9. |
- Kanstrup, M., et al.
(författare)
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Insomnia in paediatric chronic pain and its impact on depression and functional disability
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pain. - : Wiley. - 1090-3801 .- 1532-2149. ; 18:8, s. 1094-1102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Children and adolescents attending health care due to chronic pain commonly presents with insomnia. Previous research suggests that problems with sleep are associated with depression and functional disability. However, more research is needed to clarify the relationship between pain, insomnia and disability. Objective: This study aims to investigate the frequency, severity and importance of insomnia in paediatric patients with chronic pain and to evaluate the mediating role of insomnia in explaining the relationship between pain and depression as well as between pain and functioning. In addition, to ascertain the adequacy of using a Swedish translation of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) with youths, analyses included a statistical evaluation of the instrument. Method: Correlational analyses of cross-sectional data from 154 consecutive paediatric patients with chronic pain referred to a tertiary pain clinic. Results: Insomnia explained a significant amount of variance in depression and functional disability when controlling for demographic characteristics and pain. Indirect effects of insomnia were found for both the relationship between pain and depression, and between pain and functional disability. ISI showed satisfactory psychometric properties in this sample, including internal consistency and concurrent criteria validity. Conclusions: Insomnia is highly important in explaining depression and functional disability in paediatric chronic pain and can be adequately assessed using the ISI.
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| 10. |
- Kanstrup, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Reducing intrusive memories after trauma via a brief cognitive task intervention in the hospital emergency department : an exploratory pilot randomised controlled trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: Translational Psychiatry. - : Springer Nature. - 2158-3188. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intrusive memories are common after trauma, and can cause significant distress. Interventions to prevent/reduce the occurrence of this core clinical feature of posttraumatic stress disorder are needed; they should be easy to deliver, readily disseminated and scalable. A novel one-session intervention by Iyadurai et al. 2018, Molecular Psychiatry, resulted in intrusion reduction over the subsequent week. Its feasibility in a different setting and longer-term effects (>1 month) need investigation. We conducted an exploratory open-label pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) to investigate the feasibility and effects of a brief behavioural intervention to reduce intrusive memories in trauma-exposed patients in a Swedish hospital emergency department (ED). Participants (final N = 41) were randomly allocated to either intervention (including memory reminder cue then visuospatial cognitive task “Tetris” with mental rotation instructions) or active control (podcast) condition within 72 h of presenting to the ED (both conditions using their smartphone). Findings were examined descriptively. We estimated between-group effect sizes for the number of intrusive memories post-intervention at week 1 (primary outcome) and week 5 (secondary outcome). Compared to the control condition, participants in the intervention condition reported fewer intrusive memories of trauma, both at week 1 and week 5. Findings extend the previous evaluation in the UK. The intervention was readily implemented in a different international context, with a mixed trauma sample, with treatment gains maintained at 1 month and associated with some functional improvements. Findings inform future trials to evaluate the capacity of the cognitive task intervention to reduce the occurrence of intrusive memories after traumatic events.
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