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- Folke, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Behavioral Activation Between Acute Inpatient and Outpatient Psychiatry : Description of a Protocol and a Pilot Feasibility Study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cognitive and Behavioral Practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 1077-7229 .- 1878-187X. ; 22:4, s. 468-480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Gaps in the continuity of care between acute inpatient and outpatient psychiatric services are common and potentially detrimental for service users. In this paper we provide the rationale for and description of a 12-session behavioral activation intervention for acute inpatients with depression and comorbid psychiatric disorders. The intervention was tailored to be initiated during acute inpatient care and to continue after discharge into outpatient services. We also describe a small pilot investigation (N = 13) of the intervention’s preliminary feasibility. Treatment retention, self-ratings, and participants’ adherence to treatment principles indicate preliminary feasibility of behavioral activation in this complex context. Self-rated activation and avoidance improved during the intervention. The value of a parsimonious inpatient therapy that can bridge the gap between services is discussed along with the limitations of this study.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Folke, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Behavioral activation in acute inpatient psychiatry : A multiple baseline evaluation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-7916 .- 1873-7943. ; 46, s. 170-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The present study employed a multiple baseline study design with repeated measures to explore clinical outcomes, therapy mechanisms, and feasibility of Behavioral Activation for persons admitted to inpatient psychiatry.METHODS: Six adult inpatients with depressive symptoms and different psychiatric disorders were randomized to different lengths of baseline standard inpatient treatment. Subsequently a 5-day, 10-session Behavioral Activation protocol was added. Daily self-report outcome and process measures were administered and supplemented with hourly self-reports and clinician assessments before and after each study phase.RESULTS: After a relatively stable baseline, at least four participants showed marked gradual improvements both in terms of outcome as well as activation and avoidance as Behavioral Activation was initiated. The temporal relation between process and outcome differed somewhat across metrics. In most instances however, change in activation and avoidance either coincided or preceded decreased depression.LIMITATIONS: We did not include some relatively common disorders, did not control for the effects of increased attention, did not investigate treatment integrity, and did not conduct follow-up after discharge. Raters were not blind and measures were mainly focused on depressive symptoms. All received concurrent medical treatment.CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study further supports the promise of Behavioral Activation as an inpatient treatment for persons with a variety of psychiatric disorders. Results also lends preliminary support for the purported mechanisms of Behavioral Activation.
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| 4. |
- Folke, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the relationship between activities and emotional experience using a diary in a mental health inpatient setting
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1445-8330 .- 1447-0349. ; 27:1, s. 276-286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mental health inpatient milieus have repeatedly been found to be associated with passivity, social disengagement, and low levels of interaction with staff. However, little is known about patients' experiences related to different ward activities. In the present study, we aimed to study the reports of activities and associated experiences of patients admitted to acute psychiatric inpatient wards. Disengaged, inactive, and solitary activities were hypothesized to be associated with less reward and more distress than their counterparts. We also aimed to investigate if such activities predicted distress, and if they were associated with clinical severity. Participants (n = 102) recorded their activities along with concurrent ratings of reward and distress in a structured 1-day diary, and nurses provided clinical severity ratings. On average, 3.74 of the 11 hours assessed (34%) were spent doing nothing, only 0.88 hours (8%) were spent with staff, and most of the time was spent in solitude. Doing nothing, being alone, and passivity were associated with the greatest levels of distress and lowest levels of reward, whereas informal socializing demonstrated the opposite pattern. Distress was not predicted by activity or reward when adjusting for baseline distress. Clinical severity was not associated with the amount of time spent alone or the experience of reward during activity. In conclusion, the risk for passivity and social disengagement during admission prevails. This activity pattern could have detrimental emotional consequences and warrants action, but more studies are needed to determine if activity actually precedes emotional experience.
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| 6. |
- Ramnerö, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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A learning theory account of depression
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 57:1, s. 73-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Learning theory provides a foundation for understanding and deriving treatment principles for impacting a spectrum of functional processes relevant to the construct of depression. While behavioral interventions have been commonplace in the cognitive behavioral tradition, most often conceptualized within a cognitive theoretical framework, recent years have seen renewed interest in more purely behavioral models. These modern learning theory accounts of depression focus on the interchange between behavior and the environment, mainly in terms of lack of reinforcement, extinction of instrumental behavior, and excesses of aversive control, and include a conceptualization of relevant cognitive and emotional variables. These positions, drawn from extensive basic and applied research, cohere with biological theories on reduced reward learning and reward responsiveness and views of depression as a heterogeneous, complex set of disorders. Treatment techniques based on learning theory, often labeled Behavioral Activation (BA) focus on activating the individual in directions that increase contact with potential reinforcers, as defined ideographically with the client. BA is considered an empirically well-established treatment that generalizes well across diverse contexts and populations. The learning theory account is discussed in terms of being a parsimonious model and ground for treatments highly suitable for large scale dissemination.
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