| 1. |
- Bai, Wensong, et al.
(författare)
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Returnee entrepreneurs and the performance implications of political and business relationships under institutional uncertainty
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Business Research. - : Elsevier. - 0148-2963 .- 1873-7978. ; 128, s. 245-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Returnee entrepreneurs, despite their assumed advantages in possessing international experiences and advanced knowledge, suffer from liability of returnee due to a lack of relationships with political and business actors and experience institutional uncertainty in the home market as they move across different institutional environments. This study investigates how returnee entrepreneurs can strategically utilize relationships with political and business actors to achieve better performance and the conditional effect of institutional uncertainty. Based on a survey of 200 Chinese returnee entrepreneurs, we find that business relationships play a dominant role in influencing business performance and that this role is even stronger under institutional uncertainty. Political relationships support the formation of business relationships and are associated with business performance via the mediation of business relationships. Our study contributes to developing a nuanced understanding of the complementary effect of political and business relationships on returnee venture performance in emerging economies.
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| 2. |
- Bai, Wensong, et al.
(författare)
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Returnee Ventures : Uncertainty, Political and Business Relationships, and Performance
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 AIB Southeast Asia Regional Conference. - 9789628134205 ; , s. 654-687
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Returnee ventures, despite their assumed advantages, may experience great uncertainty at the home market due to the lack of local networks and relationships. Based on network approach, this study investigates how returnee ventures respond to the uncertainty by taking advantage of the political and business relationships established in home country. The findings suggest that political relationships play a predominantly role in handling home country uncertainty, and indirectly impact on the performance of returnee ventures via the mediating effect of business relationships. Meanwhile, business relationships of returnee ventures directly influence their business performance.
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| 3. |
- Blankenburg Holm, Desirée, Docent, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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From outsider to insider: Opportunity development in foreign market networks
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of International Entrepreneurship. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1570-7385 .- 1573-7349. ; 13:3, s. 337-359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By applying the network position concept, we untangle the firm's recognition and exploitation of opportunities during the internationalisation process. We view the transition of network position from outsidership to insidership, in terms of the strength and number of relationships in the foreign market network. Departing from the revised Uppsala model, we argue that opportunity development in the business network consists of recognition and exploitation. Path dependence impacts how a firm exploits opportunity in the network as well as the next opportunity to be recognised, as they are contingent on the network position. Four opportunities are identified from a historical case study of Elekta, a Swedish medical device manufacturer that entered China between 1980 and 2010. We analyse the initial network position of the firm, its opportunity recognition and exploitation, and the network position of the firm in return. Based on the cases we demonstrate that outsidership tends to lead to discovery, while insidership results in creation. The insidership enables direct and indirect relationships, which are involved in the exploitation of the opportunity.
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| 4. |
- Chung, Hsi-Mei, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging Market Multinational Family Business Groups and the Use of Family Managers in Foreign Subsidiaries
- 2021
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Ingår i: MIR: Management International Review. - : Springer Nature. - 0938-8249 .- 1861-8901. ; 61:1, s. 57-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about the internationalization behavior of Emerging Market Family Business Groups (EFBGs) and their strategic usage of family managers in foreign subsidiaries facing uncertainty due to institutional differences. Informed by the resource-based view of the firm and by institutional theory, we hypothesize that family managers are an EFBGs-specific resource used to mitigate institutional uncertainty caused by larger institutional distances occurring between home and host countries. Moreover, family managers are used differently depending on the regional focus of the EFBGs, which further strengthens the critical role that family manager’s play in management and control across the business groups. We employ 5-year panel data on Taiwanese EFBGs, and our results indicate that family managers tend to be assigned by EFBGs with stronger operations outside the home region, and in foreign subsidiaries where strong differences in regulative and cognitive institution may exist. We contribute to the continuing understanding of family ownership in the management of EFBGs, and the research of internationalization of firms on managing foreign subsidiaries.
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| 5. |
- Johanson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging Market Entry and Institutional Change : Three Swedish Manufacturing Firms in China between 1980 and 2010
- 2015
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Ingår i: Management & Organizational History. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-9359 .- 1744-9367. ; 10:2, s. 189-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Firms enter emerging markets to capture untapped opportunity and pursue high growth potential. Yet emerging markets are also characterized by unstable institutions that may affect firms' market entry behavior. Although most existing studies have taken a rather short-term and static perspective to addressing foreign market entry, we specifically draw on the Uppsala internationalization process model and use a long-term approach to examine the China market entry of three Swedish firms in terms of their market knowledge and market commitment. We argue that the relation between institutional change in the host market and the market entry behavior of a particular firm evolves over time. The findings also show that the type of institutional change, as well as the accumulated market knowledge and commitments firms have made, can influence the relation between them.
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| 6. |
- Johanson, Martin, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge grafting during internationalization : utilizing localized professionals in the foreign market
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Knowledge Management. - 1367-3270 .- 1758-7484. ; 24:9, s. 2009-2033
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to understand knowledge grafting through localized professionals in the internationalization of the firm. Knowledge grafting refers to firms increasing their knowledge stock by acquiring new staff, and while the concept is not new in studies on firms’ internationalization, there is little understanding of the characteristics of the individuals carrying the knowledge, the types of knowledge grafted and how it contributes to a market entry process. Design/methodology/approach: The authors conducted an explorative study with a multiple-case research design and purposely selected five localized Swedish managers working for Russian subsidiaries of Swedish firms. Face-to-face interviews were conducted. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed based on three types of knowledge: general foreign market knowledge, social network knowledge and professional knowledge. The authors also considered both private and professional ties. Findings: The findings show that characteristics of the localized professional and the firm can influence the type of knowledge grafted and how it is used. The findings also highlight the key role of the individual as knowledge carrier and show an alternative way to obtain knowledge in firm internationalization. Research limitations/implications: This study comes with limitations. Only Swedish firms entering Russia with wholly owned subsidiaries have been considered. Further studies comparing knowledge grafting with firms in different entry mode, varying stage of market entry, as well as other countries of origin can further enrich our understanding. Future studies can also focus on localized professionals to shed light on the knowledge transfer between them and other individuals within the firms and the potential impact of their departure on knowledge grafting. Practical implications: Internationalizing firms should pay attention to the opportunity of grafting knowledge by appointing localized professionals already living in the market. Governmental agencies in the host county can be a valuable source for identifying foreign nationals of the same origin as the firm. Originality/value: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to focus on the individual level of knowledge grafting and to examine how localized professionals acquire knowledge to support firms in internationalization.
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| 7. |
- Johanson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Networks in internationalisation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Reshaping the Boundaries of the Firm in an Era of Global Interdependence. - Bingley : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 9780857240873 ; 5, s. 119-142
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this chapter is to provide a review of literaturethat analyses the internationalisation of the firm, through the function androle of networks.Design/methodology/approach – A total of 23 papers (published between1988 and 2008) explicitly using network as a research framework to studythe internationalisation process of the firm were selected. They have beenanalysed according to a range of factors, including the author, journal,time frame in which they were published, type of focal firm, country oforigin of focal firms, market entered, methods applied in the studies,theories adopted and research topic.Findings – Networks have emerged as one of the dominant frameworksused to explain the phenomenon of internationalisation. Having originallybeen applied in studies of firms from developed countries entering similarmarkets, network theories are now as popular in studies of firms bothoriginating in and entering emerging markets. This review also finds thatboth qualitative and quantitative methods have been adopted in thestudies; however, few papers have tried to combine the two. Furthermore,the network approach has been used for comparative analysis withfindings from FDI theory, as well as to supplement international newventure (INV) and born global theories. Lastly, this review highlightstopics that have been explored in previous studies and suggests areas forfurther research.Originality/value – This is the first review paper on this subject and assuch it contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the networkapproach and assists in understanding the internationalisation phenomenonof the firm.
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| 8. |
- Kang, Olivia, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Contextual Transfer Barriers, Social Interaction, and Innovation Transfer Performance
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Changing Strategies of International Business. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783030039301 - 9783030039318 ; , s. 73-94
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter explores and explains the influence of social interaction on multinational corporations (MNCs) dealing with contextual transfer barriers. A sequential mixed-method research design is adopted to include both quantitative and qualitative studies on MNCs and their innovation transfer projects. The findings show that social interactions can improve transfer effectiveness when differences exist in market conditions, technology standard, and cultural and institutional settings in sender’s and receiver’s countries, as the social capital accumulated through individual connections can facilitate the quality of knowledge sharing. However, the transfer efficiency might be jeopardized because of the time and resource spent on the social interaction.
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| 9. |
- Kao, Pao, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Catch 22? : Technology-Advanced Returnee Entrepreneur, Home-Country Political Relationships and Challenges From Increasing Geopolitical Tension
- 2022
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Ingår i: Diversity in Action. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 9781801172271 - 9781801172264 ; , s. 151-167
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As part of the mobility of global talent, returnee entrepreneurs from emerging markets with advance technology are particularly challenged by the increasing geopolitical tension. Returnee entrepreneurs have a stronger reliance on the political relationship when establishing successful business at the home countries. Yet this connection with home-country political actors can negatively affect their technology competence obtained from the host NOT FOR DISTRIBUTIONcountries during geopolitical uncertainty and turbulence. We empirically investigate the challenges that technology-advanced returnee entrepreneurs encountered in the home market from the changes occurred while they were away, as well as the needs to obtain critical resource and gain market entry for adapting the advance technology possessed from aboard. Our aim, nevertheless, is to expand the discussion of the returnee entrepreneurs in the context of current world where unpredictable geopolitical tensions can jeopardize the success of their business. Our study contributes a nuanced understanding of the key factor that driving business success may turn to a trap that constrains returnee entrepreneurship, and accordingly proposes a future research agenda for returnee entrepreneurship and international human mobility in general.
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| 10. |
- Kao, Pao T., 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Business is pleasure and pleasure is business: A study on how Swedish managers build and sustain private and professional ties during firms’market entry into Russia
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- While social networks are considered to facilitate the internationalization of the firm, the tie building activities of the foreign manager in host markets are largely overlooked. This study expands our understanding of network theory in the context of the internationalization of the firm. It focuses on how managers build and maintain ties in foreign markets, and how these ties support personal gain and the firm's market entry. We propose a theoretical framework to understand the characteristics of tie carrier, the nature of the ties, and the outcomes facilitated by the ties. Employing an exploratory case study design, we conduct interviews with Swedish managers living and working in Russia. Our findings suggest that knowledge, experience, and capabilities of the foreign managers can be accumulated over time. Other aspects of the tie carrier's characteristic, such as identity, are unique to the individuals and difficult to cultivate. Additionally, while private ties are built with family members and friends in a social environment and provide emotional support, professional ties exist mainly in the workplace with colleagues and work acquaintances and offer information exchange. Moreover, tie building activities in foreign markets can lead to both expressive and instrumental outcomes for the manager personally, and help the firm they work for to obtain business opportunities and market legitimacy.
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