| 1. |
- Eriksson, Mimmi, et al.
(författare)
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Direct Observation of Gas Meniscus Formation on a Superhydrophobic Surface
- 2019
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 13:2, s. 2246-2252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The formation of a bridging gas meniscus via cavitation or nanobubbles is considered the most likely origin of the submicrometer long-range attractive forces measured between hydrophobic surfaces in aqueous solution. However, the dynamics of the formation and evolution of the gas meniscus is still under debate, in particular, in the presence of a thin air layer on a superhydrophobic surface. On superhydrophobic surfaces the range can even exceed 10 μm. Here, we report microscopic images of the formation and growth of a gas meniscus during force measurements between a superhydrophobic surface and a hydrophobic microsphere immersed in water. This is achieved by combining laser scanning confocal microscopy and colloidal probe atomic force microscopy. The configuration allows determination of the volume and shape of the meniscus, together with direct calculation of the Young-Laplace capillary pressure. The long-range attractive interactions acting on separation are due to meniscus formation and volume growth as air is transported from the surface layer.
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| 2. |
- Eriksson, Mimmi, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Gas Layer Thickness on Capillary Interactions at Superhydrophobic Surfaces
- 2024
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 40:9, s. 4801-4810
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Strongly attractive forces act between superhydrophobic surfaces across water due to the formation of a bridging gas capillary. Upon separation, the attraction can range up to tens of micrometers as the gas capillary grows, while gas molecules accumulate in the capillary. We argue that most of these molecules come from the pre-existing gaseous layer found at and within the superhydrophobic coating. In this study, we investigate how the capillary size and the resulting capillary forces are affected by the thickness of the gaseous layer. To this end, we prepared superhydrophobic coatings with different thicknesses by utilizing different numbers of coating cycles of a liquid flame spraying technique. Laser scanning confocal microscopy confirmed an increase in gas layer thickness with an increasing number of coating cycles. Force measurements between such coatings and a hydrophobic colloidal probe revealed attractive forces caused by bridging gas capillaries, and both the capillary size and the range of attraction increased with increasing thickness of the pre-existing gas layer. Hence, our data suggest that the amount of available gas at and in the superhydrophobic coating determines the force range and capillary growth.
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| 3. |
- Eriksson, Mimmi, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of liquid surface tension on gas capillaries and capillary forces at superamphiphobic surfaces
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The formation of a bridging gas capillary between superhydrophobic surfaces in water gives rise to strongly attractive interactions ranging up to several micrometers on separation. However, most liquids used in materials research are oil-based or contain surfactants. Superamphiphobic surfaces repel both water and low-surface-tension liquids. To control the interactions between a superamphiphobic surface and a particle, it needs to be resolved whether and how gas capillaries form in non-polar and low-surface-tension liquids. Such insight will aid advanced functional materials development. Here, we combine laser scanning confocal imaging and colloidal probe atomic force microscopy to elucidate the interaction between a superamphiphobic surface and a hydrophobic microparticle in three liquids with different surface tensions: water (73 mN m−1), ethylene glycol (48 mN m−1) and hexadecane (27 mN m−1). We show that bridging gas capillaries are formed in all three liquids. Force-distance curves between the superamphiphobic surface and the particle reveal strong attractive interactions, where the range and magnitude decrease with liquid surface tension. Comparison of free energy calculations based on the capillary menisci shapes and the force measurements suggest that under our dynamic measurements the gas pressure in the capillary is slightly below ambient.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- McNamee, Cathy E., et al.
(författare)
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Rice starch particle interactions at air/aqueous interfaces-effect of particle hydrophobicity and solution ionic strength
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Chemistry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-2646. ; 6:MAY
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Starch particles modified by esterification with dicarboxylic acids to give octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) starch is an approved food additive that can be used to stabilize oil in water emulsions used in foods and drinks. However, the effects of the OSA modification of the starch particle on the interfacial interactions are not fully understood. Here, we directly measured the packing of films of rice starch granules, i.e., the natural particle found inside the plant, at air/aqueous interfaces, and the interaction forces in that system as a function of the particle hydrophobicity and ionic strength, in order to gain insight on how starch particles can stabilize emulsions. This was achieved by using a combined Langmuir trough and optical microscope system, and the Monolayer Interaction Particle Apparatus. Native rice starch particles were seen to form large aggregates at air/water interfaces, causing films with large voids to be formed at the interface. The OSA modification of the rice starches particles decreased this aggregation. Increasing the degree of modification improved the particle packing within the film of particles at the air/water interface, due to the introduction of inter-particle electrostatic interactions within the film. The introduction of salt to the water phase caused the particles to aggregate and form holes within the film, due to the screening of the charged groups on the starch particles by the salt. The presence of these holes in the film decreased the stiffness of the films. The effect of the OSA modification was concluded to decrease the aggregation of the particles at an air/water interface. The presence of salts, however, caused the particles to aggregate, thereby reducing the strength of the interfacial film.
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| 8. |
- McNamee, Cathy E., et al.
(författare)
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Surface and friction forces between grafted polysaccharide layers in the absence and presence of surfactant
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103 .- 0001-8686 .- 1873-3727. ; 364, s. 351-358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyzed the interaction between chemically grafted polysaccharide layers in aqueous solutions. To fabricate such layers, an end-terminated dextran silane coupling agent was synthesized and the polydextran was grafted to oxidized silicon wafers and to silica particles. This resulted in the formation of a 28 nm thick layer (in air) and a grafted amount of 40 mg/m2 as determined by ellipsometry. The physical properties of the grafted layer were investigated in aqueous solutions by atomic force microscope imaging and colloidal probe force measurements. Surface and friction forces were measured between one bare and one polydextran coated silica surface. A notable feature was a bridging attraction due to affinity between dextran and the silica surface. Surface interactions and friction forces were also investigated between two surfaces coated with grafted polydextran. Repulsive forces were predominant, but nevertheless a high friction force was observed. The repulsive forces were enhanced by addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) that associates with the tethered polydextran layers. SDS also decreased the friction force. Our data suggests that energy dissipation due to shear-induced structural changes within the grafted layer is of prime importance for the high friction forces observed, in particular deformation of protrusions in the surface layer.
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| 9. |
- Svagan, Anna J., et al.
(författare)
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Cellulose Nanofiber/Nanocrystal Reinforced Capsules : A Fast and Facile Approach Toward Assembly of Liquid-Core Capsules with High Mechanical Stability
- 2014
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Ingår i: Biomacromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1525-7797 .- 1526-4602. ; 15:5, s. 1852-1859
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Liquid-core capsules of high mechanical stability open up for many solid state-like applications where functionality depending on liquid mobility is vital. Herein, a novel concept for fast and facile improvement of the mechanical properties of walls of liquid-core capsules is reported. By imitating nature's own way of enhancing the mechanical properties in liquid-core capsules, the parenchyma plant cells found in fruits and vegetables, a blend of short cellulose nanofibers (<1 mu m, NFC) and nanocrystals (CNC) was exploited in the creation of the capsule walls. The NFC/CNC blend was prepared from a new version of the classical wood pulp hydrolysis. The capsule shell consisted of a covalently (by aromatic diisocyanate) cross-linked NFC/CNC structure at the outer capsule wall and an inner layer dominated by aromatic polyurea. The mechanical properties revealed an effective capsule elastic modulus of 4.8 GPa at 17 wt % NFC/CNC loading, about six times higher compared to a neat aromatic polyurea capsule (0.79 GPa) and 3 orders of magnitude higher than previously reported capsules from regenerated cellulose (0.0074 GPa). The outstanding mechanical properties are ascribed to the dense nanofiber structure, present in the outer part of the capsule wall, that is formed by oriented NFC/CNC of high average aspect ratio (L/d similar to 70) and held together by both covalent (urethane bonds) and physical bonds (hydrogen bonds).
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