| 1. |
- Lozano, Rafael, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 2091-2138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of “leaving no one behind”, it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health-related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990–2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Methods: We measured progress on 41 health-related SDG indicators from 1990 to 2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status, and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To construct the health-related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator on a scale of 0–100, with 0 as the 2·5th percentile and 100 as the 97·5th percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for 2030, and then using the probability of attainment in 2030 calculated from 1000 draws. We also did a global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends. Using 2015 global averages of indicators with defined SDG targets, we calculated the global annualised rates of change required from 2015 to 2030 to meet these targets, and then identified in what percentiles the required global annualised rates of change fell in the distribution of country-level rates of change from 1990 to 2015. We took the mean of these global percentile values across indicators and applied the past rate of change at this mean global percentile to all health-related SDG indicators, irrespective of target definition, to estimate the equivalent 2030 global average value and percentage change from 2015 to 2030 for each indicator. Findings: The global median health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59·4 (IQR 35·4–67·3), ranging from a low of 11·6 (95% uncertainty interval 9·6–14·0) to a high of 84·9 (83·1–86·7). SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially, particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous. Indicators also varied by SDI quintile and sex, with males having worse outcomes than females for non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality, alcohol use, and smoking, among others. Most countries were projected to have a higher health-related SDG index in 2030 than in 2017, while country-level probabilities of attainment by 2030 varied widely by indicator. Under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria indicators had the most countries with at least 95% probability of target attainment. Other indicators, including NCD mortality and suicide mortality, had no countries projected to meet corresponding SDG targets on the basis of projected mean values for 2030 but showed some probability of attainment by 2030. For some indicators, including child malnutrition, several infectious diseases, and most violence measures, the annualised rates of change required to meet SDG targets far exceeded the pace of progress achieved by any country in the recent past. We found that applying the mean global annualised rate of change to indicators without defined targets would equate to about 19% and 22% reductions in global smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively; a 47% decline in adolescent birth rates; and a more than 85% increase in health worker density per 1000 population by 2030. Interpretation: The GBD study offers a unique, robust platform for monitoring the health-related SDGs across demographic and geographic dimensions. Our findings underscore the importance of increased collection and analysis of disaggregated data and highlight where more deliberate design or targeting of interventions could accelerate progress in attaining the SDGs. Current projections show that many health-related SDG indicators, NCDs, NCD-related risks, and violence-related indicators will require a concerted shift away from what might have driven past gains—curative interventions in the case of NCDs—towards multisectoral, prevention-oriented policy action and investments to achieve SDG aims. Notably, several targets, if they are to be met by 2030, demand a pace of progress that no country has achieved in the recent past. The future is fundamentally uncertain, and no model can fully predict what breakthroughs or events might alter the course of the SDGs. What is clear is that our actions—or inaction—today will ultimately dictate how close the world, collectively, can get to leaving no one behind by 2030.
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| 2. |
- Abbafati, Cristiana, et al.
(författare)
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- 2020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Bashlouei, Shima Ghareh, et al.
(författare)
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Heracleum persicum Essential Oil Nanoemulsion: A Nanocarrier System for the Delivery of Promising Anticancer and Antioxidant Bioactive Agents
- 2022
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Ingår i: Antioxidants. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-3921. ; 11:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Essential oils are important compounds for the prevention and/or treatment of various diseases in which solubility and bio-accessibility can be improved by nanoemulsion systems. Heracleum persicum oil nanoemulsion (HAE-NE) was prepared and biological properties were investigated against human breast cancer cells and normal human fibroblasts foreskin. Particle size, zeta potential and poly dispersity index were 153 nm, −47.9 mV and 0.35, respectively. (E)anethole (57.9%), terpinolene (13.8%), G-terpinene (8.1%), myrcene (6.8%), hexyl butyrate (5.2%), octyl bu-tanoate (4.5%) and octyl acetate (3.7%) was detected in nanoemulsion. Proliferation of cancer cells at IC50 = 2.32 µg/mL was significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited, and cell migration occurred at 1.5 µL/mL. The HAE-NE at 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 µg/concentration up-regulated caspase 3 and enhanced sub-G1 peak of cell cycle with nil cytotoxic effects in the liver, kidney and jejunum of mice. Villus height, villus width, crypt depth and goblet cells in mice group fed with 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight of HAE-NE improved. Cellular redox state in the liver indicated 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight of nanoemulsion significantly up-regulated the expression of SOD, CAT and GPx genes. Heracleum persicum oil na-noemulsion could be an eco-friendly nanotherapeutic option for pharmaceutical, cosmetological and food applications.
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| 4. |
- Bozorgi Kasgari, Mohammdamin, et al.
(författare)
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Phytobiotic potential of Teucrium polium phenolic microcapsules against Salmonella enteritidis infection in mice
- 2023
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Ingår i: Polymer Bulletin. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0170-0839 .- 1436-2449. ; 80:2, s. 1681-1697
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Salmonella infection is a major public health issue worldwide. Given the alarming increase in infections with antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and side effects of synthetic antibiotics, there is an increasing interest in medicinal plants as natural alternatives to synthetic drugs to combat antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. The present study investigated the biological properties and health-promoting effects of microencapsulated phenolic compounds of Teucrium polium leaves as a dietary phytobiotic in mice challenged by Salmonella enteritidis. Microcapsules showed a capsulation efficiency of 93.6% with a particle size of 1261.8 nm with antioxidant and antibacterial activities in-vitro. The phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of various phenolic compounds, i.e., ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, salicylic acid, catechin, ellagic acid, and chrysin ranged between 121.6 and 975.3 µg/g DW. The microencapsulated phenolics exhibited improvement in the growth, liver function, morphometric parameters of ileum, antioxidant- and inflammation-related gene expression and inhibited the ileal population of S. enteritidis in mice challenged by S. enteritidis infection. The microencapsulated phenolics from T. polium leaves could be a promising phytobiotic approach to combat S. enteritidis infections.
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| 5. |
- Rad, Negar Chalaki, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of nanoliposomes loaded with daidzein for ameliorating diabetes in alloxan-induced mice: A promising nutraceutical approach
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Functional Foods. - 1756-4646. ; 110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study synthesized and evaluated the effects of nanoliposomes loaded daidzein (NLD) in diabetic mice induced by alloxan. Five groups of Balb-c mice were treated for 5 weeks (Group 1 and 2 referred to as normal and diabetic control receiving normal feed). Group 3 and 4 were diabetic mice receiving 50 and 100 mg/kg/BW NLD respectively. Group 5, diabetic mice, received the standard drug, Metformin, 250 mg/kg/BW per day orally. Results indicated that NLD significantly (p < 0.05) improved the final body weight, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) concentrations, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and enhanced the high-density lipoprotein. Furthermore, NLD enhanced the expression of CAT and suppressed iNOS gene in the pancreas. The mRNA expression of GLUT2 and GLUT4 also showed increase in the diabetic mice. Findings demonstrated the potential of NLD as a nutraceutical for the prevention and/or treatment of diabetes without toxic side effects.
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| 6. |
- Rahmani, Fatemeh, et al.
(författare)
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Thyme Oil Nanoemulsion Enhanced Cellular Antioxidant and Suppressed Inflammation in Mice Challenged by Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress
- 2022
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Ingår i: Waste and Biomass Valorization. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1877-2641 .- 1877-265X. ; 13:7, s. 3139-3146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cadmium is a poisonous trace element which induces oxidative stress and pollutes the environment. Nanoemulsions are recognized as a new drug delivery system with enhanced therapeutic efficacy. In the present study, nanoemulsion of Thymus vulgaris essential oil was prepared and characterized. The effects of the essential oil on body weight gain, liver mineral content, histopathology, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant- and inflammatory-related gene expressions were also investigated in mice challenged by cadmium-induced oxidative stress. Characterization of nanoemulsion (e.g., polydispersity index, particle size, and ζ-potential) indicated a good stability degree of T. vulgaris essential oil. Phytochemical analysis by GC–MS also demonstrated T. vulgaris essential oil contained phenolic compounds i.e., thymol, p-cymene, ɣ-teripinene, carvacrol, caryophyllene and linalool. The treatment of mice with T. vulgaris essential oil significantly (p < 0.05) improved body weight changes, reduced cadmium deposition in the liver and decreased lipid peroxidation compared to control group. Also, the antioxidative potential was enhanced whereas inflammation in the tissues were suppressed. The GPx gene was up regulated whereas iNOS genes were significantly (p < 0.05) downregulated in kidney, liver and brain tissues. Our findings suggest T.vulgaris essential oil can be a promising protective agent against cadmium-induced oxidative stress.
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| 7. |
- Shoeibi, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Enhancing Healthcare Outcomes and Modulating Apoptosis- and Antioxidant-Related Genes through the Nano-Phytosomal Delivery of Phenolics Extracted from Allium ampeloprasum
- 2023
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Ingår i: Genes. - 2073-4425. ; 14:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The application of nano drug delivery systems, particularly those utilizing natural bioactive compounds with anticancer properties, has gained significant attention. In this study, a novel nano-phytosome-loaded phenolic rich fraction (PRF) derived from Allium ampeloprasum L. was developed. The antitumor activity of the formulation was evaluated in BALB/c mice with TUBO colon carcinoma. The PRF-loaded nano-phytosome (PRF-NPs) exhibited a sphere-shaped structure (226 nm) and contained a diverse range of phenolic compounds. Animal trials conducted on TUBO tumor-bearing mice demonstrated that treatment with PRF-NPs at a dosage of 50 mg TPC/Kg/BW resulted in significant improvements in body weight and food intake, while reducing liver enzymes and lipid peroxidation. The expression of apoptosis-related genes, such as Bax and caspase-3, was upregulated, whereas Bcl2 was significantly downregulated (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the expression of GPx and SOD genes in the liver was notably increased compared to the control group. The findings suggest that the phytosomal encapsulation of the phenolic rich fraction derived from Allium ampeloprasum L. can enhance the bioavailability of natural phytochemicals and improve their antitumor properties. The development of PRF-NPs as a nano drug delivery system holds promise for effective breast cancer treatment.
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| 8. |
- Stanaway, Jeffrey D., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 1923-1994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk-outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk-outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk- outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017.
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| 9. |
- Aghabagherzadeh, Mozhdeh, et al.
(författare)
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Folic Acid-Conjugated Chitosan-Coated Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Precision Targeting of Artemisia vulgaris Essential Oils for Anticancer Therapy
- 2024
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Ingår i: Chemistry and Biodiversity. - 1612-1880 .- 1612-1872. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we developed Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN-NPs) loaded with Artemisia vulgaris essential oil and coated with folic acid-chitosan (AVEO-SCF-NPs) to enhance drug delivery in biotechnology and pharmaceutical sectors. AVEO-SCF-NPs were synthesized using homogenization and ultra-sonication methods and comprehensively characterized. These nanoparticles exhibited a particle size of 253.67 nm, Polydispersity Index (PDI) of 0.26, zeta potential (zeta-p) of +39.96 mV, encapsulation efficiency (%EE) of 99.0 %, and folic acid binding efficiency (% FB) of 46.25 %. They effectively inhibited MCF-7, HT-29, and PC-3 cancer cells with IC50 values of 48.87 mu g/mL, 88.48 mu g/mL, and 121.34 mu g/mL, respectively, and demonstrated antibacterial properties against Gram-positive strains. AVEO-SCF-NPs also exhibited scavenging effects on ABTS (IC50: 203.83 mu g/mL) and DPPH (IC50: 680.86 mu g/mL) free radicals and inhibited angiogenesis, as confirmed through CAM and qPCR assays. Furthermore, these nanoparticles induced apoptosis, evidenced by up-regulation of caspase 3 and 9, down-regulation of TNF-alpha genes, and an increase in SubG1 phase cells. The high loading capacity of SCF-NPs for AVEO, coupled with their multifaceted biological properties, highlights AVEO-SCF-NPs as promising candidates for cancer therapy in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries.
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| 10. |
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