| 1. |
- Bärgman, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative Driver Behavior Modelling forActive Safety Assessment Expansion (QUADRAE)
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In-vehicle technologies are essential for vehicle safety. This project, Quantitative Driver Behavior Modeling for Active Safety Assessment Expansion (QUADRAE), addresses two crucial components of the technology development process: driver models and simulation methodology. Together, they have provided the industrial partners with state-of-the-art tools for system development and testing, facilitating the development of innovative technologies to improve traffic safety. The main objectives of the project were to:develop and validate models of driver behavior needed in current and future simulation tools for virtual testing of active safety and automationcarry out prioritized virtual tests to estimate the safety benefit of a system, tune system parameters, and explore potential outcomes in scenarios when the system is activelearn more about the best methods for performing virtual testing using driver modelsAs a result of the project, the partners now have an established virtual simulation framework using Predictive Processing (PP) as a general paradigm for modeling driver behavior. The modeling, based on the latest knowledge and ideas about human behavior in driving, draws on extensive research using volunteer drivers as study participants. Data from both controlled experiments and naturalistic driving were used to develop and validate the models. These models are already being used by the industry partners as part of their virtual safety assessment toolchain, to develop advanced driver support systems. The data will continue to be used by the project partners in industry and academia to develop future driver models (which will, in turn, foster improved driver support systems).
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| 2. |
- Dela, Nicolas, et al.
(författare)
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A pilot evaluation of using large movement driving simulator experiments to study driver behaviour influence on active safety systems for commercial heavy vehicles
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 21st International Symposium on Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks (IAVSD'09), Stockholm, Sweden, August 17-21, 2009. - Linköping : ViP - Virtual prototyping and assessment by simulation.
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The evaluation of active safety functions like Electronic Stability Control (ESC) is of increasing importance, driven by legislation, to commercial heavy vehicle producers and to society as a whole to predict the potential benefits of the systems. Direct testing in real traffic with normal drivers of those functions are most often infeasible due to cost, repeatability and safety. This paper presents an attempt to explore the possibility of using large scale moving based driving simulators to evaluate functions like ESC. This is conducted through a simulator experiment where the subject drivers have been provoked in driving scenarios to ESC interventions. The experiment indicates the possibility of using driving simulators for evaluation purposes. This implies that studies of the benefits can be performed with higher accuracy regarding repeatability and evaluation testing of active safety functions can be made more cost efficient and without jeopardizing safety of involved driver and other road-users.
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| 3. |
- Johansson, Ann-Sofi, et al.
(författare)
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Docosahexaenoic acid stabilizes soluble amyloid-β protofibrils and sustains amyloid-β induced neurotoxicity in vitro
- 2007
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Ingår i: The FEBS Journal. - : Wiley. - 1742-464X .- 1742-4658. ; 274:4, s. 990-1000
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enrichment of diet and culture media with the polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid has been found to reduce the amyloid burden in mice and lower amyloid-β (Aβ) levels in both mice and cultured cells. However, the direct interaction of polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid, with Aβ, and their effect on Aβ aggregation has not been explored in detail. Therefore, we have investigated the effect of docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid and the saturated fatty acid arachidic acid on monomer oligomerization into protofibrils and protofibril fibrillization into fibrils in vitro, using size exclusion chromatography. The polyunsaturated fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid at micellar concentrations stabilized soluble Aβ42 wild-type protofibrils, thereby hindering their conversion to insoluble fibrils. As a consequence, docosahexaenoic acid sustained amyloid-β-induced toxicity in PC12 cells over time, whereas Aβ without docosahexaenoic acid stabilization resulted in reduced toxicity, as Aβ formed fibrils. Arachidic acid had no effect on Aβ aggregation, and neither of the fatty acids had any protofibril-stabilizing effect on Aβ42 harboring the Arctic mutation (AβE22G). Consequently, AβArctic-induced toxicity could not be sustained using docosahexaenoic acid. These results provide new insights into the toxicity of different Aβ aggregates and how endogenous lipids can affect Aβ aggregation.
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Ann-Sofi, et al.
(författare)
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Physiochemical characterization of the Alzheimers disease related peptides Aβ1-42 Arctic and Aβ1-42wt
- 2006
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Ingår i: The FEBS Journal. - : Wiley. - 1742-464X .- 1742-4658. ; 273:12, s. 2618-2630
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The amyloid beta peptide (A beta) is crucial for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Aggregation of monomeric A beta into insoluble amyloid fibrils proceeds through several soluble A beta intermediates, including protofibrils, which are believed to be central in the disease process. The main reason for this is their implication in familial Alzheimer's disease with the Arctic amyloid precursor protein mutation (E693G). This mutation gives rise to early onset Alzheimer's disease, and synthetic A beta 1-40Arctic displays an enhanced rate of protofibril formation in vitro[Nilsberth C, Westlind-Danielsson A, Eckman CB, Condron MM, Axelman K, Forsell C, Stenh C, Luthman J, Teplow DB, Younkin SG, Naslund J & Lannfelt L. (2001) Nat Neurosci4, 887-893]. To increase our understanding of the mechanisms involved in A beta aggregation, especially A beta monomer oligomerization into protofibrils and protofibril fibrillization into fibrils, the kinetics of A beta 1-42wt and A beta 1-42Arctic aggregation were examined under different physiochemical conditions, such as concentration, temperature, ionic strength and pH. We used size exclusion chromatography for this purpose, where monomers are separated from protofibrils, and fibrils are separated from protofibrils in a centrifugation step. The Arctic mutation significantly accelerated both A beta 1-42wt protofibril formation and protofibril fibrillization. In addition, we demonstrated that two distinct chemical processes - monomer oligomerization and protofibril fibrillization - were affected differently by changes in the micro-environment and that the Arctic mutation alters the peptide response to such changes.
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Anette, et al.
(författare)
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Valuable aspects of home rehabilitation in Sweden : Experiences from older adults
- 2021
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Ingår i: Health Science Reports. - : Wiley. - 2398-8835. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aim: Home rehabilitation is an increasing service in many countries due to the aging population. The body of knowledge in home rehabilitation is growing but results are inconsistent, and there is still lack of knowledge from user perspectives to guide practice and home rehabilitation programs. The purpose of this study was to explore valuable aspects of home rehabilitation experienced by older adults. Methods: Fourteen older persons (nine older adults and five next of kins) were interviewed about their experiences of receiving rehabilitation in their homes. Nine de-identified interviews were analyzed as secondary data and with qualitative content analysis. Results: A familiar home environment, inclusive collaboration, and the mastering of everyday life were aspects of value for older adults in home rehabilitation. Creating a tailor-made rehabilitation together with competent staff, building trust, and providing a sense of security in their homes were also considered valuable. Conclusion: When using the home as an arena for rehabilitation and collaboration, interventions can be planned based on the older adult's unique conditions and the knowledge and skills of the multidisciplinary team, including the older adult and their next of kin. A valuable home rehabilitation can then be achieved that creates motivation, which in the long term probably also generates desired effects for the older adult. More research is needed on older adult's experiences of content in home rehabilitation programs so that practice develops in accordance with citizens' needs, individual resources, and relationships.
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| 8. |
- Sjöberg, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Nationell miljöövervakning - luft
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- På uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket, Enheten för luft och klimat, bedrivs mätningar av luftens och nederbördens sammansättning, främst i bakgrundsmiljö, inom olika mätprogram. IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet har ansvar för genomförandet av merparten av verksamheten inom luftområdet. Därtill ombesörjer både Institutionen för Tillämpad Miljöteknik (ITM) vid Stockholms universitet och Institutionen för Mark och Miljö vid Sveriges lantbruks-universitet (SLU) delar av övervakningen. SMHI genomför, med hjälp av beräknings-modeller, en geografisk kartläggning av halter i luft och deposition av försurande och övergödande ämnen på nationell nivå. De samlade resultaten från mätningar till och med 2011 och beräkningar till och med 2010 redovisas i denna rapport. Det har generellt sett skett en avsevärd förbättring avseende såväl halter i luft som deposition i bakgrundsmiljö för flertalet av de luftförorenings-komponenter som övervakas inom den nationella miljöövervakningen sedan mätningarna startade för mellan 10 och 30 år sedan. Utvecklingen har dock varierat i något olika utsträckning beroende på komponent och lokalisering i landet. Föroreningsbelastningen är oftast lägre ju längre norrut man kommer. För de flesta de ämnen som det finns miljökvalitetsnormer (MKN) respektive miljömål för ligger halterna avsevärt lägre än angivna gräns- och målvärden. Halterna av ozon överskrider i dagsläget MKN för hälsa. För såväl ozon som för bensen (i urban bakgrund) finns risk för haltnivåer som överstiger miljömålens preciseringar.
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