| 1. |
- Ammenberg, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Biogas Research Center, BRC : Slutrapport för etapp 1
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Biogas Research Center (BRC) är ett kompetenscentrum för biogasforskning som finansieras av Energimyndigheten, LiU och ett flertal externa organisationer med en tredjedel vardera. BRC har en mycket bred tvärvetenskaplig inriktning och sammanför biogasrelaterad kompetens från flera olika områden för att skapa interaktion på flera olika plan:mellan näringsliv, akademi och samhälle,mellan olika perspektiv, samtmellan olika discipliner och kompetensområden.BRC:s vision är:Resurseffektiva biogaslösningar finns genomförda i många nya tillämpningar och bidrar till en mer hållbar energiförsörjning, förbättrat miljötillstånd och goda affärer.BRC:s särskilda roll för att uppnå denna vision är att bidra med kunskapsförsörjning och process-/teknikutveckling för att facilitera utveckling, innovation och implementering av biogaslösningar. Resurseffektivitet är ett nyckelord, vilket handlar om att förbättra befintliga processer och system samt utveckla biogaslösningar i nya sektorer och möjliggöra användning av nya substrat.For BRC:s etapp 1, den första tvåårsperioden mellan 2012-2014, var forskningsprojekten organiserade enligt tabellen nedan. Den visar viktiga utmaningar för biogasproducenter och andra intressenter, samt hur dessa ”angreps” med åtta forskningsprojekt. Fem av projekten var av explorativ karaktär i bemärkelsen att de var bredare och mer framtidsorienterade - exempelvis utvärderade flera möjliga tekniska utvecklingsmöjligheter (EP1-5). Tre projekt hade ett tydligare fokus på teknik- och processutveckling (DP6-8).I den här slutrapporten ges en kortfattad bakgrundsbeskrivning och det finns en introduktion till vad den här typen av kompetenscentrum innebär generellt. Därefter finns mer detaljerad information om BRC, exempelvis gäller det centrumets etablering, relevans, vision, hörnstenar och utveckling. De deltagande organisationerna presenteras, både forskargrupperna vid Linköpings universitet och partners och medlemmar. Vidare finns en mer utförlig introduktion till och beskrivning av utmaningarna i tabellen och kortfattat information om forskningsprojekten, följt av ett kapitel som berör måluppfyllelse och den externa utvärdering som gjorts av BRC:s verksamhet. Detaljerad, listad information finns till stor del i bilagorna.Kortfattat kan det konstateras att måluppfyllelsen överlag är god. Det är speciellt positivt att så många vetenskapliga artiklar publicerats (eller är på gång att publiceras) kopplat till forskningsprojekten och även i det vidare centrumperspektivet. Helt klart förekommer en omfattande verksamhet inom och kopplat till BRC. I etapp 2 är det viktigt att öka andelen mycket nöjda partner och medlemmar, där nu hälften är nöjda och hälften mycket nöjda. Det handlar framför allt om stärkt kommunikation, interaktion och projektledning. Under 2015 förväntas åtminstone två doktorsexamina, där avhandlingarna har stor koppling till forskningen inom etapp 1.I början på år 2014 skedde en extern utvärdering av verksamheten vid BRC med huvudsyftet att bedöma hur väl centrumet lyckats med etableringen samt att granska om det fanns förutsättningar för framtida framgångsrik verksamhet. Generellt var utfallet mycket positivt och utvärderarna konstaterade att BRC på kort tid lyckats etablera en verksamhet som fungerar väl och engagerar det stora flertalet deltagande aktörer, inom relevanta områden och där de flesta involverade ser BRC som en befogad och väl fungerande satsning, som de har för avsikt att även fortsättningsvis stödja. Utvärderingen bidrog också med flera relevant tips och till att belysa utmaningar.Utöver denna slutrapport finns separata publikationer från forskningsprojekten.Arbetet som presenteras i rapporten har finansierats av Energimyndigheten och de medverkande organisationerna.
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| 2. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Body fat related to daily physical activity and insulin concentrations in non-diabetic children.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - 1475-0961. ; 28, s. 211-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explored the associations between body fat versus daily physical activity and insulin concentrations in non-diabetic young children in a cross-sectional study of 172 children (93 boys and 79 girls) aged 8-11 years. Blood samples were analysed for serum insulin and daily physical activity was measured by accelerometers. Time spent performing vigorous activity was estimated from accelerometer data by using established cut-off points. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to quantify abdominal fat mass (AFM) and total body fat (TBF), also calculated as percentage of body weight (BF%). Body fat distribution was calculated as AFM/TBF. Body fat distribution was independently linked to both insulin concentrations and physical activity. In contrast, TBF, AFM, and BF% were linked to physical activity only and not to insulin concentrations. In conclusion in this population of non-diabetic children, body fat distribution was independently associated with increased concentrations of insulin and deceased amount of vigorous activity per day. Also, AFM, TBF, and BF% were independently related to minutes of vigorous activity per day.
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| 4. |
- Ejlertsson, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of co-disposal of wastes containing organic pollutants with municipal solid waste : a landfill simulation reactor study
- 2003
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Ingår i: Advances in Environmental Research. - 1093-0191 .- 1093-7927. ; 7:4, s. 949-960
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different phases of the life cycle of a landfill receiving municipal solid waste (MSW) were monitored in landfill simulation reactors (LSRs) with the aim of investigating the effects of co-disposal of wastes containing organic pollutants (OPs) with MSW. Two LSRs out of four filled with well-characterised MSW received waste materials containing OPs. These included two types of plasticised PVC flooring materials, freon-blown insulation and phosphorus- and nitrogen-based flame-protected materials. Each of the two LSRs was operated under acid fermentative and neutral methanogenic conditions, respectively as were their corresponding controls, i.e. without extra OP. The methanogenic consortia degrading MSW were hampered by the addition of wastes containing OPs, probably due to the presence of Freon R11 and its degradation product, R21. The concentrations of R11 and R21 ranged between 0.1 and 1800 mg m super(-3) depending on the biogas production rate in the OP-amended LSRs. Losses of butylbenzyl- (26%) and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (15%) from one of two flooring materials was observed, whereas the other remained unaffected. Methanogenic conditions favoured the loss of plasticisers as compared to acidogenic conditions. Total phosphorus was significantly higher in the OP-spiked LSRs, which indicated a transformation of the non-halogenated flame-retardants.
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| 7. |
- Ekstrand, Eva-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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High-rate anaerobic co-digestion of kraft mill fibre sludge and activated sludge by CSTRs with sludge recirculation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Waste Management. - : Elsevier. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 56, s. 166-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kraft fibre sludge from the pulp and paper industry constitutes a new, widely available substrate for thebiogas production industry, with high methane potential. In this study, anaerobic digestion of kraft fibresludge was examined by applying continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR) with sludge recirculation.Two lab-scale reactors (4L) were run for 800 days, one on fibre sludge (R1), and the other on fibre sludgeand activated sludge (R2). Additions of Mg, K and S stabilized reactor performance. Furthermore, theCa:Mg ratio was important, and a stable process was achieved at a ratio below 16:1. Foaming was abatedby short but frequent mixing. Co-digestion of fibre sludge and activated sludge resulted in more robustconditions, and high-rate operation at stable conditions was achieved at an organic loading rate of 4 gvolatile solids (VS) L1 day1, a hydraulic retention time of 4 days and a methane production of230 ± 10 Nm L per g VS.
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| 8. |
- Ekstrand, Eva-Maria, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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The route towards stable and efficient anaerobic digestion of fibrous wastewater from pulp and paper mills in high-rate CSTRs with sludge recirculation
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The pulp and paper industry carries high costs in wastewater treatment. By combining present techniques with anaerobic digestion (AD), expenses for electricity use and sludge disposal can be reduced. The large wastewater volumes require high-rate systems sensitive to suspended solids, and this has so far excluded treatment of the energy-rich wood fibres. In this study, AD of fibrous wastewater was examined in high-rate CSTRs with sludge recirculation. Two lab-scale reactors (4L) were run for 780 days. Once a day, reactor sludge was withdrawn and centrifuged. The main part of the supernatant was discarded, while the pellet was suspended with the substrate and returned to the reactor. This gave a sludge retention time of 10-16 days and a hydraulic retention time of 4-8 days. One reactor (denoted R1) was fed with fibre sludge, and the second reactor (denoted R2) was co-digesting fibre sludge and activated sludge. Both substrates were taken from a Kraft mill in Sweden. Initially, both reactors experienced frequent drops in pH, and continuous alkali supplements were necessary for process stability. Additions of magnesium and potassium were also needed to obtain stable process performance at an OLR of 3 g VS L-1·day-1. R1 and R2 behaved similarly, but R2 (co-digestion) was more robust with less or no fluctuations in VFA and pH. Addition of activated sludge also to R1 allowed an increase in OLR to 4 g VS L-1·day-1. In summary, stable and efficient operation of a high-rate CSTR with sludge recirculation digesting fibre sludge was achieved at an OLR of 4 g VS L-1·day-1, a HRT of 4 days and a methane production of 260±20 Nml. In addition, co-digestion with activated sludge stabilized the performance at increased OLR and thus gave more methane produced per reactor volume.
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| 9. |
- Karlsson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Sensor Fused Indoor Positioning Using Dual Band WiFi Signal Measurements
- 2015
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Ingår i: 2015 European Control Conference (ECC). - 9783952426937 ; , s. 1669-1672
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, signal strengths from known WiFi access points are used together with a particle filter to perform indoor navigation. It is shown that more information is obtained by using signals of both 2.4 and 5.0 GHz, compared to using only one frequency. Thus, using both frequencies provides a more accurate positioning. The second contribution is an algorithm where WiFi measurements are combined with pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR), which is based on step counting using an accelerometer and hypotheses of the heading using a gyroscope. This was found to provide further accuracy compared to more conventional methods.
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| 10. |
- Krakau, Karolina, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Energy balance and metabolism after severe traumatic brain injury : A pilot study using doubly labelled water
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective: To explore the course of energy balance in patients with severe traumatic brain injury, from time of injury until twelve weeks post injury. Method: This prospective desriptive study included six patients with isolated, closed severe traumatic brain injury and an expected hospital stay of ≥2-3 months. Energy balance was calculated from energy intake compared to total energy expenditure measured by continuous indirect calorimetry and doubly labelled water. Clinical and laboratory variables with possible influence on metabolism and nutritional delivery were recorded simultaneously. Intermittent indirect calorimetry measurements were used to differentiate components of the energy expended. Results: Patients were roughly in energy balance while on mechanical ventilation, but in negative energy balance from the 3rd week post injury. The total energy expenditure then increased while the daily energy intake declined. Concurrent with this period were difficulties in retaining enteral and/or parenteral nutrition delivery routes until oral feeding was satisfactory. Nitrogen balance was back to normal at about 1.5 months and the inflammatory period with increased C-reactive protein levels continued for 12 to 58 days from time of injury. During the first and second month post injury, patients lost 8-19% of their initial body weight. Conclusion: Data suggests that negative energy balance after a severe TBI could not only be explained by the elevated metabolic rate and catabolism induced by the trauma, but also by difficulties in securing alternative nutritional routes in the distressed patient.
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