| 1. |
- Bengtsson, Mariette, et al.
(författare)
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Utveckling och samstämmighet avseende bedömningskriterier i de vetenskapliga metodkurserna 1, 4, 8 och 9 på sjuksköterskeprogrammet på Malmö Högskola
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BAKGRUND Idag sker den vetenskapliga metodskolningen i huvudämnet omvårdnad i kurserna 1, 4, 8 och 9 på sjuksköterskeprogrammet på Malmö Högskola. Studenter har visat i utvärderingar att det inte fanns någon kontinuitet och progression mellan de vetenskapliga metodkurserna på sjuksköterskeprogrammet, vilket också uppmärksammats av undervisarna. Enligt förvaltningslagen är det en myndighetsutövning gentemot en enskild person när en examinator sätter ett betyg. Därför måste betygssättning hanteras rättsäkert och konsekvent vilket kräver väl förankrade betygskriterier (Ekecrantz, 2007). För att säkra kvalitet och kontinuitet mellan kurserna 1, 4, 8 och 9 på sjuksköterskeprogrammet på Malmö Högskola och för att EU-anpassa betygsgraderingen enligt ECTS-skalan (ECTS USERS`GUIDE) behövdes nya bedömningskriterier baserade på nya lärandemål enligt Bologna processen utarbetas. För att successivt öka kunskapsstegringen mellan de vetenskapliga metodkurserna har i ett tidigare projekt nya lärandemål enligt Bologna modellen för respektive kurs utarbetats. SYFTE Syftet med projektet är att identifiera och formulera bedömningskriterier baserade på en successiv kunskapsstegring inom forskningsområdet omvårdnad både avseende metod och ett kritiskt förhållningssätt. GENOMFÖRANDE Arbetet påbörjades i augusti 2007 och projektgruppen består av sex undervisande och examinerande lärare i de berörda kurserna. Litteratur i ämnet studerades och gruppen samlade in information om hur andra universitet och högskolor tillämpat ECTS-skalan. Arbetsgrupper för respektive kurs bildades som utarbetade förslag för bedömningskriterier A till F för respektive kurs. Därefter strålade arbetsgrupperna samman för att gemensamt fastställa samstämmighet samt progression mellan kurserna. Gruppen har också diskuterat examinationsformer, undervisningsmetoder, litteratur och begreppsdefinitioner relaterade till betygskriterier. Arbetet har också lett till att lärandemålen för respektive kurs har fått korrigeras och anpassat för att kunna vara utvärderingsbara. För att få studenternas synpunkter kommer de utarbetade förslagen att presenteras för studenter i respektive kurs för att få deras syn på bedömningskriterierna. Studenter i kurs 4 och 8/9 kommer under läsåret 08/09 att få vara delaktiga i utvecklingsprocessen av bedömningskriterierna. Implementering av resultatet kan tidigast ske VT09 och kommer därefter att utvärderas. Betygskriterierna kan ses i bilaga 1-5. DISKUSSION Dessa kriterier skall vara ett stöd för betygsättning av examensarbete såväl som seminarier och enskilda uppgifter dock utan att minska examinatorns ansvar för bedömningen. Bedömningskriterierna bör också ge utrymme för examinatorns egen bedömning (Boij m.fl., 2007). Betygskriterierna skall fungera som ett stöd för examinatorn så väl som för studenten, som kan inspireras att sträva efter ett högre betyg. Eftersom ECTS-graderingen är målrelaterad så finns det inget krav på att en viss del av studenterna skall få ett visst betyg. Det är dock viktigt att kraven för E skall vara likvärdiga med betyget GODKÄND. Det finns både fördelar och nackdelar med betyg i många grader. Enligt Ekecrantz (2007) ger det större precision och rättvisa samt en bättre feedback till studenterna på deras prestationer. Ekecrantz menar dock att många grader kan leda till ökad stress för studenten och ge en ökad arbetsbelastning för läraren samt att examinationsformerna kan försämras. Arbetsgruppen håller inte riktigt med om detta. Visserligen kan examinationsformerna behöva förändras men det behöver nödvändigtvis inte leda till en försämring. En intressant aspekt som Boij m.fl. (2007) tar upp i sin rapport från Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan är att bedömning av t.ex. examensarbete kan göras utifrån flera perspektiv såsom process, vetenskapligt innehåll och prestation för att examinatorn skall kunna skaffa ett bra underlag för att sätta betyg. Studentinflytande är viktigt och det är en utmaning att få studenterna delaktiga i processen, vilket inte har varit så lätt inom alla verksamheter (Åkesson 2006).
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| 2. |
- Canivet, Catarina, et al.
(författare)
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Infantile colic, maternal smoking and infant feeding at 5 weeks of age
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 36:3, s. 284-291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Many parents seek help from health professionals because of their infants' persistent crying in the early months. The aetiology of this condition, often labelled ``infantile colic'', is still unclear. Aims: To assess whether smoking during pregnancy, and/or smoking at infant age 5 weeks, is associated with infantile colic, and to describe how feeding at infant age 5 weeks and smoking are related to colic. Methods: This was a community-based study, with telephone interviews in late pregnancy, and at infant age 5 weeks, covering 1,625 mother—infant dyads, i.e. 86% of the eligible population. Results: Daily maternal smoking in pregnancy was related to subsequent colic, with an age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.74 (95% confidence interval 1.08—2.82). In the multivariate model, the OR was largely unaltered. The association between smoking at infant age 5 weeks and colic did not reach statistical significance. The subgroups based on smoking and infant feeding were small, but the results suggest that exclusive breast-feeding was protective against colic, including for infants of smoking mothers. Conclusions: This study presents yet another argument why smoking in pregnancy should be discouraged — some cases of infantile colic may be avoided. With regard to mothers who are not able to give up smoking, the results add some support for the conclusion that if a mother is worried about colic, she certainly should not refrain from breast-feeding even if she smokes.
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| 3. |
- Carlsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Burn injures in small children, a population-based study in Sweden
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Blackwell Publishing Ldt. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 15:15, s. 129-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe characteristics in burn injuries in children (zero to six years old), consulting primary care and hospital-based care in Malmö, Sweden. Burn-injured children consulting the University Hospital or the 21 Health Centres, during year 1998 and year 2002, were included. Background. Epidemiological studies of burns in children have mostly been hospital-based and the cases that never reached the hospital have been excluded. Design. The study had a retroperspective design with data collected from medical records. Methods. Chi-squared test was used to analyse differences in nominal data and cross tables were used to analyse the proportions between the characteristics of the injuries and sex, age and nationality. Results. The burn-injured children were 148 and 80% of those were scalds, caused by hot liquid (71%) or hot food (29%). The greatest number was boys between one and two years old. Children to foreign born parents were more frequently affected and the extent of the injuries often larger. Almost all the accidents (96%) occurred in home environment, while a family member was next to the child. The Health Centres received more often children affected on hand/arm and by causes like hot food than the University Hospital. Conclusions. Our data demonstrate the importance of developing a programme for the prevention of paediatric scalds with education of family members to be aware of the danger. With present study the knowledge about the occurrence of injuries in scald accidents in children has become deeper. This knowledge may contribute to more individual adept child accident prevention programme, to use in the child health care.
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| 4. |
- Carlsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Compliance with child accident precautions by child health nurses
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Child Health Care. - : SAGE Publications. - 1741-2889 .- 1367-4935. ; 10:2, s. 149-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which parents follow advice from child health nurses about child accident prevention. The study was performed in one of the 10 districts in the city of Malmo, Sweden. Parents to 90, 10-month old children in southern Sweden participated. These parents completed a questionnaire that prompted responses related to parents' background and socio-economic factors as well as questions about any precautions they have taken to decrease hazards to children in their home. Odds ratios, confidence intervals and multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. The results indicated that lower educated parents (i.e. those with 12 years' education or less) and foreign-born parents complied with a significantly lower level. These results support the need to increase efforts in child accident prevention work. It is important for child health nurses to concentrate their efforts on foreign parents and on less educated parents. Information should be relayed regularly to these parents in a motivational way, in order to decrease risks of child accidents at home.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Dejin-Karlsson, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Country of origin, social support and the risk of small for gestational age birth.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 32:6, s. 442-449
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: This study investigates the risk of small for gestational age (SGA) in relation to country of origin of the mother. The role of psychosocial resources, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors was examined in different causal models. Methods: Among all pregnant nulliparous women in the city of Malmo¨ , Sweden, who gave birth in 1991 – 92, 872 (87.7%) women completed a questionnaire during their first antenatal visit. The study was carried out among women whose pregnancies resulted in a singleton live birth (n~826); 22% (n~182) of these women were foreign-born. Results: Fifty-five (6.7%) of the infants were classified as SGA, 37 (5.7%) of mothers of Swedish origin and 18 (9.7%) of foreign origin. SGA deliveries were much more prevalent among Middle East- and North Africa-born women (22%) and sub-Saharan-born women (15%). In all, women of foreign origin had increased odds for delivering SGA babies (OR~1.8, 95% CI~1.0,3.2). In a multivariate analysis psychosocial and socioeconomic factors explained 30% and 40%, respectively, of the increased SGA risk. Psychosocial factors seemed to be more prominent risk factors for SGA among mothers of foreign origin. A possible synergistic relation was demonstrated between foreign origin of the mother and low social anchorage. Conclusions: This study showed that psychosocial factors, most probably linked to a disadvantaged social situation, could be the theoretically most important focus for preventing SGA in immigrant women. This could also further support a hypothesis of a link between psychosocial stress and SGA in general. However, this should not exclude the need for intervention in the antenatal care system in terms of specially tailored support and education.
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| 8. |
- Finnbogadottir, Hafrún, et al.
(författare)
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A multi-centre cohort study shows no association between experienced violence and labour dystocia in nulliparous women at term
- 2011
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Ingår i: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2393 .- 1471-2393. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Although both labour dystocia and domestic violence during pregnancy are associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcome, evidence in support of a possible association between experiences of domestic violence and labour dystocia is sparse. The aim of this study was to investigate whether self-reported history of violence or experienced violence during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of labour dystocia in nulliparous women at term.Methods: A population-based multi-centre cohort study. A self-administrated questionnaire collected at 37 weeks of gestation from nine obstetric departments in Denmark. The total cohort comprised 2652 nulliparous women, among whom 985 (37.1%) met the protocol criteria for dystocia.Results: Among the total cohort, 940 (35.4%) women reported experience of violence, and among these, 66 (2.5%) women reported exposure to violence during their first pregnancy. Further, 39.5% (n = 26) of those had never been exposed to violence before. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed no association between history of violence or experienced violence during pregnancy and labour dystocia at term, crude OR 0.91, 95% CI (0.77-1.08), OR 0.90, 95% CI (0.54-1.50), respectively. However, violence exposed women consuming alcoholic beverages during late pregnancy had increased odds of labour dystocia, crude OR 1.45, 95% CI (1.07-1.96).Conclusions: Our findings indicate that nulliparous women who have a history of violence or experienced violence during pregnancy do not appear to have a higher risk of labour dystocia at term, according to the definition of labour dystocia in this study. Additional research on this topic would be beneficial, including further evaluation of the criteria for labour dystocia. Background Accumulating knowledge suggests that domestic violence occurring during pregnancy is a serious public health issue due to the risk for adverse maternal and fetal health outcomes [1-3]. Labour dystocia, another serious complication in obstetrics, has also been increasingly highlighted during the past decades [4-9]. Labour dystocia is defined as a slow or difficult labour or childbirth. According to Kjaergaard et al. [10] the term ‘dystocia’ is frequently used in clinical practice, yet there is no consistency in the use of terminology for prolonged labour or labour.
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