| 1. |
- Abayneh, Sisay A, et al.
(författare)
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Sensitivity of HIV-1 primary isolates to human anti-CD40 antibody-mediated suppression is related to co-receptor use
- 2008
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Ingår i: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1931-8405 .- 0889-2229. ; 24:3, s. 447-452
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of CD40 ligation on infection by HIV-1 primary isolates with different R5 phenotypes was evaluated with a novel set of anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies originating from a human phage display library. Five human monoclonal anti-CD40 antibodies of IgG1 subtype characterized by the ability to activate B cells via CD40 were tested for induction of the CC-chemokines RANTES and MIP-1alpha and inhibition of HIV-1 replication in primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). All activating anti-CD40 antibodies were able to induce CC-chemokines in MDM. We chose the most potent antibody, clone B44, for further experiments. This antibody had a suppressive effect on HIV-1 isolates of the R5 phenotype with limited use of CCR5/CXCR4 chimeric receptors. In comparison, HIV-1 isolates with broader use of CCR5/CXCR4 chimeric receptors or with CXCR4 use were less sensitive to anti-CD40-induced suppression. The results indicate that HIV-1 replication is inhibited by human anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies through the mechanism of CC-chemokine induction. This effect is thus restricted to HIV-1 isolates sensitive to inhibition by CC-chemokines.
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| 2. |
- Karlsson, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Coevolution of RANTES sensitivity and mode of CCR5 receptor use by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 of the R5 phenotype.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Virology. - 1098-5514 .- 0022-538X. ; 78:21, s. 11807-11815
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) coreceptor use has been described as the acquisition of CXCR4 use linked to accelerated disease progression. However, CXCR4-using virus can be isolated only from approximately one-half of individuals with progressive HIV-1 disease. The other half continue to yield only CCR5-using viruses (R5 phenotype) throughout the course of disease. In the present work, the use of receptor chimeras between CCR5 and CXCR4 allowed us to study the evolution of HIV-1 with the R5 phenotype, which was not revealed by studies of wild-type coreceptor use. All together, 246 isolates (173 with the R5 phenotype) from 31 individuals were tested for their ability to infect cells through receptor chimeras. R5narrow virus was able to use only wild-type CCR5, whereas R5broad(1) to R5broad(3) viruses were able to use one to three chimeric receptors, respectively. Broad use of chimeric receptors was interpreted as an increased flexibility in the mode of receptor use. R5broad isolates showed higher infectivity in cells expressing wild-type CCR5 than R5narrow isolates. Also, the increased flexibility of R5broad isolates was concomitant with a lower sensitivity to inhibition by the CC chemokine RANTES. Our results indicate a close relationship between HIV-1 phenotypic changes and the pathogenic process, since the mode and efficiency of CCR5 use as well as the decrease in the RANTES sensitivities of isolated viruses are significantly correlated with CD4+-T-cell decline in a patient. One possible explanation is that ligand competition at the CCR5 receptor or changed CCR5 availability may shape the outcome of HIV-1 infection.
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| 3. |
- Karlsson, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Differential pathogenesis of primary CCR5-using human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates in ex vivo human lymphoid tissue.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Virology. - 1098-5514 .- 0022-538X. ; 79:17, s. 11151-11160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, CCR5-utilizing HIV type 1 (HIV-1) variants (R5), which typically transmit infection and dominate its early stages, persist in approximately half of the infected individuals (nonswitch virus patients), while in the other half (switch virus patients), viruses using CXCR4 (X4 or R5X4) emerge, leading to rapid disease progression. Here, we used a system of ex vivo tonsillar tissue to compare the pathogeneses of sequential primary R5 HIV-1 isolates from patients in these two categories. The absolute replicative capacities of HIV-1 isolates seemed to be controlled by tissue factors. In contrast, the replication level hierarchy among sequential isolates and the levels of CCR5(+) CD4(+) T-cell depletion caused by the R5 isolates seemed to be controlled by viral factors. R5 viruses isolated from nonswitch virus patients depleted more target cells than R5 viruses isolated from switch virus patients. The high depletion of CCR5(+) cells by HIV-1 isolates from nonswitch virus patients may explain the steady decline of CD4(+) T cells in patients with continuous dominance of R5 HIV-1. The level of R5 pathogenicity, as measured in ex vivo lymphoid tissue, may have a predictive value reflecting whether, in an infected individual, X4 HIV-1 will eventually dominate.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Karlsson, Margareta, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Follow-up visits to older patients after a hospital stay : nurses' perspectives.
- 2019
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Ingår i: British Journal of Community Nursing. - London : Mark Allen Group. - 1462-4753 .- 2052-2215. ; 24:2, s. 80-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Older patients with multimorbidity and extensive healthcare needs are at risk of frequent readmission to hospital after discharge. With a Swedish report entitled 'Follow-up 48-72' as its basis, the present study aimed to describe nurses' experiences of follow-up visits to older patients with multimorbidity 48 to 72 hours after discharge from hospital. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 nurses experienced with such home visits to older patients, and the material was analysed by qualitative content analysis. The results indicate that such visits by nurses can relieve patient anxiety, as patients are often unsure of the next steps, in terms of medication and care. According to the nurses, these visits created trust in the nurse-patient relationship and ensured patient safety. Follow-up visits soon after discharge from hospital should become a part of routine nursing, especially for older people with multimorbidity.
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| 6. |
- Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide meta-analysis uncovers novel loci influencing circulating leptin levels
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leptin is an adipocyte-secreted hormone, the circulating levels of which correlate closely with overall adiposity. Although rare mutations in the leptin (LEP) gene are well known to cause leptin deficiency and severe obesity, no common loci regulating circulating leptin levels have been uncovered. Therefore, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of circulating leptin levels from 32,161 individuals and followed up loci reaching P<10(-6) in 19,979 additional individuals. We identify five loci robustly associated (P<5 × 10(-8)) with leptin levels in/near LEP, SLC32A1, GCKR, CCNL1 and FTO. Although the association of the FTO obesity locus with leptin levels is abolished by adjustment for BMI, associations of the four other loci are independent of adiposity. The GCKR locus was found associated with multiple metabolic traits in previous GWAS and the CCNL1 locus with birth weight. Knockdown experiments in mouse adipose tissue explants show convincing evidence for adipogenin, a regulator of adipocyte differentiation, as the novel causal gene in the SLC32A1 locus influencing leptin levels. Our findings provide novel insights into the regulation of leptin production by adipose tissue and open new avenues for examining the influence of variation in leptin levels on adiposity and metabolic health.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Ahlgren, Serina, et al.
(författare)
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Review of methodological choices in LCA of biorefinery systems - key issues and recommendations
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining. - : Wiley. - 1932-1031 .- 1932-104X. ; 9:5, s. 606-619
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current trend in biomass conversion technologies is toward more efficient utilization of biomass feedstock in multiproduct biorefineries. Many life-cycle assessment (LCA) studies of biorefinery systems have been performed but differ in how they use the LCA methodology. Based on a review of existing LCA standards and guidelines, this paper provides recommendations on how to handle key methodological issues when performing LCA studies of biorefinery systems. Six key issues were identified: (i) goal definition, (ii) functional unit, (iii) allocation of biorefinery outputs, (iv) allocation of biomass feedstock, (v) land use, and (vi) biogenic carbon and timing of emissions. Many of the standards and guidelines reviewed here provide only general methodological recommendations. Some make more specific methodological recommendations, but these often differ between standards. In this paper we present some clarifications (e.g. examples of research questions and suitable functional units) and methodological recommendations (e.g. on allocation).
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| 9. |
- Ahnesjö, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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En beteende-ekologisk forskningsperiod på Klubbans biologiska station : Rapport från återträff med Doktorer som disputerade (1983-2001) på avhandlingar med fältarbete på Klubbans Biologiska station. I en värld av kantnålar, stubbar, spiggar och nudingar.
- 2018
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- We had the fortune as PhD-students and scientists in Animal Ecology at Uppsala University, to spend joyful and creative field work summers at Klubban Biological Station, during the 1980-90’s. A reunion in June 2018 resulted in this report highlighting research on pipefishes, gobies, sticklebacks and nudibranchs. Our research on these animals have provided novel insights and knowledge of the process of sexual selection and paternal care. These animals have, in many aspects, now become model organisms in evolutionary behavioral ecology in marine environments. Our list of publications provides many examples of how environmental factors influence how sexual selection and mate choice operate, how predictors like potential reproductive rates, operational sex ratios work and how male parental care is prominent in influencing selection. This research, that started at Klubban, has broadened our understanding of the ecological importance of shallow marine areas. The evolutionary understanding of how males and females can behave and how adaptive traits are selected in interaction with social and an increasingly changing ambient environment is in focus in our continued scientific endeavors. We have happily compiled this report illustrating how science and scientist can stimulate each other at a wonderful place like Klubban Biological Station, with the access to amazing organisms like pipefishes, gobies, sticklebacks and nudibranchs.
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| 10. |
- Alexeyev, Oleg, et al.
(författare)
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Association between the presence of bacterial 16S RNA in prostate specimens taken during transurethral resection of prostate and subsequent risk of prostate cancer (Sweden)
- 2006
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 17:9, s. 1127-1133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To study bacterial 16S RNA in archival prostate samples from 352 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and evaluate whether the presence of bacterial DNA was different in those who later developed prostate cancer (n = 171) and in the matched controls that did not progress to cancer (n = 181).Methods: 16S DNA PCR followed by cloning and sequencing the positive samples.Results: In 96/352 (27%) of the prostate tissue specimens 16S RNA were detected. Sequence analysis revealed Propionibacterium acnes as the predominant microorganism (23% of 16S RNA positive patients). The second most frequent isolate—Escherichia coli was found in 12 (12%) patients. The other isolates included Pseudomonas sp. (3 patients), Actinomyces sp. (2), Streptococcus mutans (1), Corynebacterium sp. (2),Nocardioides sp. (1), Rhodococcus sp. (1) Veillonella sp. (2). In P. acnes positive samples 62% exhibited severe histological inflammation versus 50% in the bacteria-negative group (p = 0.602). The presence of P. acnes in the prostate was associated with prostate cancer development (OR 2.17, 95% CI 0.77–6.95).Conclusions: This study has revealed P. acnes as the most common bacteria in the prostate in BPH. Further studies are needed to clarify its role in contributing to the development of prostatic inflammation and prostate cancer.
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