| 1. |
- Ahlgren, Kerstin M., et al.
(författare)
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Increased IL-17A secretion in response to Candida albicans in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 and its animal model
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0014-2980 .- 1521-4141. ; 41:1, s. 235-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is a multiorgan autoimmune disease caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism and adrenal failure are hallmarks of the disease. The critical mechanisms causing chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in APS-1 patients have not been identified although autoantibodies to cytokines are implicated in the pathogenesis. To investigate whether the Th reactivity to Candida albicans (C. albicans) and other stimuli was altered, we isolated PBMC from APS-1 patients and matched healthy controls. The Th17 pathway was upregulated in response to C. albicans in APS-1 patients, whereas the IL-22 secretion was reduced. Autoantibodies against IL-22, IL-17A and IL-17F were detected in sera from APS-1 patients by immunoprecipitation. In addition, Aire-deficient (Aire(0/0) ) mice were much more susceptible than Aire(+/+) mice to mucosal candidiasis and C. albicans-induced Th17- and Th1-cell responses were increased in Aire(0/0) mice. Thus an excessive IL-17A reactivity towards C. albicans was observed in APS-1 patients and Aire(0/0) mice.
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| 2. |
- Bäck, Sophia, et al.
(författare)
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Comprehensive left atrial flow component analysis reveals abnormal flow patterns in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
- 2024
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology. - : AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC. - 0363-6135 .- 1522-1539. ; 326:3, s. H511-H521
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Left atrial (LA) blood flow plays an important role in diseases such as atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial cardiomyopathy since alterations in the blood flow might lead to thrombus formation and stroke. Using traditional techniques, such as echocardiography, atrial flow velocities can be measured at the pulmonary veins and the mitral valve, but a comprehensive understanding of the three-dimensional atrial flow field is missing. Previously, ventricular flow has been analyzed using flow component analysis, revealing new insights into ventricular flow and function. Thus, the aim of this project was to develop a comprehensive flow component analysis method for the LA and explore its utility in 21 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation compared with a control group of 8 participants. The flow field was derived from time-resolved CT acquired during sinus rhythm using computational fluid dynamics. Flow components were computed from particle tracking. We identified six atrial flow components: conduit, reservoir, delayed ejection, retained inflow, residual volume, and pulmonary vein backflow. It was shown that conduit flow, defined as blood entering and leaving the LA within the same diastolic phase, exists in most subjects. Although the volume of conduit and reservoir is similar in patients with paroxysmal AF in sinus rhythm and controls, the volume of the other components is increased in paroxysmal AF. Comprehensive quantification of LA flow using flow component analysis makes atrial blood flow quantifiable, thus facilitating investigation of mechanisms underlying atrial dysfunction and can increase understanding of atrial blood flow in disease progression and stroke risk. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We developed a new comprehensive approach to atrial blood component analysis that includes both conduit flow and residual volume and compared the flow components of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients in sinus rhythm with controls. Conduit and reservoir flow were similar between the groups, whereas components with longer residence time in the left atrium were increased in the AF group. This could add to the pathophysiological understanding of atrial diseases and possibly clinical management.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bäck, Sophia, et al.
(författare)
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Elevated atrial blood stasis in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation during sinus rhythm: a patient-specific computational fluid dynamics study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 2297-055X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of stroke, often caused by thrombi that form in the left atrium (LA), and especially in the left atrial appendage (LAA). The underlying mechanism is not fully understood but is thought to be related to stagnant blood flow, which might be present despite sinus rhythm. However, measuring blood flow and stasis in the LAA is challenging due to its small size and low velocities. We aimed to compare the blood flow and stasis in the left atrium of paroxysmal AF patients with controls using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations.Methods : The CFD simulations were based on time-resolved computed tomography including the patient-specific cardiac motion. The pipeline allowed for analysis of 21 patients with paroxysmal AF and 8 controls. Stasis was estimated by computing the blood residence time.Results and Discussion: Residence time was elevated in the AF group (p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis revealed that stasis was strongest associated with LA ejection ratio (p < 0.001, R-2 = 0.68) and the ratio of LA volume and left ventricular stroke volume (p < 0.001, R-2 = 0.81). Stroke risk due to LA thrombi could already be elevated in AF patients during sinus rhythm. In the future, patient specific CFD simulations may add to the assessment of this risk and support diagnosis and treatment.
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| 5. |
- Karlsson, Charlie, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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ICT and Regional Economic Dynamics : A Literature Review
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of this report is to review the relevant theoretical and empirical literature to provide a conceptual and methodological background for the analysis of the consequences of ICT use and globalisation on the regional economies in the European Union. We highlight the key aspects of ICT as a general purpose technology, discuss the economic impacts of ICT diffusion from macro and micro perspectives, and examine the spatial consequences of ICT diffusion. We focus on regional innovation systems and globalisation in order to propose an organizing framework for the analysis of the impact of ICT diffusion on regional development.
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| 6. |
- Karlsson, Iulia
(författare)
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Cytokines as diagnostic biomarkers in canine pyometra and sepsis
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sepsis is a syndrome with high morbidity, mortality and astronomical health care costs and it is challenging to diagnose both in humans and animals due to the lack of suitable diagnostic biomarkers. Although several types of proteins have been suggested as diagnostic biomarkers of sepsis, none of them were shown to be reliable for routine use in the clinical practice. Dogs with uterine bacterial infection called pyometra often develop sepsis and have been suggested as a natural model of sepsis. To investigate whether there is a pattern of biomarkers that can be useful to diagnose bacterial sepsis on early stages in addition to existing clinical criteria, we measured both local gene expression and serum levels of cytokines in dogs with pyometra and compared these levels with known inflammatory markers and blood clotting parameters. Serum concentrations of keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC)-like protein and the global clot strength were significantly increased both in dogs with pyometra compared to healthy dogs and in dogs with sepsis compared to dogs without sepsis in pyometra. Moreover, the expression levels of the chemokines interleukin (IL)-8 and C-X-C motif ligand 5 (CXCL5) mRNA were significantly higher in uteri from dogs with pyometra compared to healthy dogs and in cultured stromal endometrial cells derived from uteri of healthy dogs and cocultured with LPS or pathogenic Escherichia coli compared to unstimulated cells. Although serum concentrations of IL-8, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), prostaglandin F2α, IL-2, IL-15, IL-18, interferon (IFN)-γ and monocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (MG-CSF) were not different between dogs with or without sepsis in the presence of pyometra, some of these cytokines correlated significantly with clinical parameters such as total white blood cell count (correlated with HMGB1) and KC-like (correlated with IL-8). Measurements of serum IL-10, CXCL10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6 and IL-4 will require a more sensitive method in dogs with pyometra. Our findings suggest that KC-like, CXCL5 and IL-8 may be useful as early diagnostic biomarkers of sepsis in dogs with pyometra. Further investigation of these chemokines in sepsis may help to improve routines in sepsis diagnosis in dogs and possibly also humans.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Karlsson, Iulia, et al.
(författare)
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Increased concentrations of C-reactive protein but not high-mobility group box 1 in dogs with naturally occurring sepsis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-2427 .- 1873-2534. ; 156, s. 64-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sepsis is difficult to diagnose and remains a common mortality cause worldwide in both humans and animals. The uterine infection pyometra causes sepsis in more than half of affected dogs and therefore allows the natural physiological development of sepsis to be studied. To find a sepsis-specific biochemical marker that could be combined with conventional clinical criteria for a more robust and quick diagnosis of sepsis, we measured systemic concentrations of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in 23 healthy control dogs and in 27 dogs with pyometra, 74% of which had sepsis. We also measured concentrations of the major acute phase protein C-reactive protein (CRP) and an indicator for endotoxaemia, prostaglandin F-2 alpha metabolite (PGM) to assess the relative contribution of HMGB1 to the detection of systemic inflammation and endotoxaemia. We found that HMGB1 concentrations, in line with concentrations of CRP and PGM, were significantly increased in dogs with pyometra, and that concentrations of CRP, but not HMGB1, were significantly higher in dogs with sepsis compared to dogs without sepsis. Although serum HMGB1 did not differ between dogs with or without sepsis and was not correlated with either CRP or PGM concentrations, HMGB1 was correlated with the total white blood cell counts, suggesting an independent regulation and involvement in inflammation. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Karlsson, Iulia, et al.
(författare)
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Multiplex cytokine analyses in dogs with pyometra suggest involvement of KC-like chemokine in canine bacterial sepsis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-2427 .- 1873-2534. ; 170, s. 41-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clinical diagnostic criteria for sepsis (systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection) are unspecific and, therefore, biomarkers for sepsis diagnosis are needed for appropriate treatment and patient survival. Pyometra, a common disease caused by bacterial infection of the uterus, results in sepsis in nearly 60% of cases in dogs. We used dogs with pyometra as a natural model for sepsis and collected serum samples from 39 dogs, of which 22 with pyometra and 17 healthy controls. Dogs with pyometra were further grouped into dogs with sepsis (n = 18) and without sepsis (n = 4). Serum concentrations of a panel of cytokines, including keratinocyte-derived chemoldne (KC)-like, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-18, chemokine C-X-C motif ligand (OCCL)10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, were measured using multiplex analyses. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were determined using an automated immunoturbidimetric assay. In addition to physical examination hematological and serum biochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the overall status of the dogs. Significantly higher concentrations of KC-like (757 vs 304 pg/ml) were detected in dogs with pyometra as compared to healthy dogs. Within the pyometra group, dogs with sepsis compared to dogs without sepsis had a higher KC-like concentration (873 vs 300 pg/m1). Hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in dogs with pyometra compared to healthy dogs, regardless of the presence or absence of sepsis, and correlated negatively with ICC-like. KC-like concentrations correlated positively with CRP, number of hospitalization days, number of monocytes, concentrations of IL-8, and percentage band neutrophils. Our data suggest that bacterial infection triggers the expression of KC-like and further studies are warranted of KC-like as a possible biomarker for diagnosing sepsis and uterine bacterial infection in dogs. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Karlsson, Iulia, et al.
(författare)
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Pathogenic Escherichia coli and lipopolysaccharide enhance the expression of IL-8, CXCL5, and CXCL10 in canine endometrial stromal cells
- 2015
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Ingår i: Theriogenology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0093-691X .- 1879-3231. ; 84, s. 34-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemokines play a central role in cellular communication in response to bacterial infection. However, the knowledge of the chemokine responses to bacterial infections in dogs remains limited. Uterine bacterial infection (pyometra) is one of the most common bacterial diseases in dogs and causes sepsis in most of the cases. We have shown previously that dogs with pyometra have higher messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of chemokines in uterus. To assess whether the stromal part of the endometrium expresses chemokines in response to bacterial infection, we cultured endometrial stromal cells isolated from healthy dogs and exposed them to either live pathogenic Escherichia coli, isolated from the uterus of a dog with pyometra, or lipopolysaccharide. Changes in the mRNA expression of ELR+ CXC chemokines, IL-8, CXCL5, CXCL7, and ELR- CXC chemokine, CXCL10, were measured after 24 hours using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Levels of IL-8, CXCL5, and CXCL10 were upregulated in endometrial stromal cells exposed to E coli and lipopolysaccharide, whereas the level of CXCL7 was decreased or unaffected. In addition, levels of IL-8 and CXCL5, but not CXCL7 or CXCL10, were significantly higher in dogs with pyometra than those in healthy dogs. Our findings show that pathogenic uterine-derived E coli induces a CXC chemokine response both in cultured endometrial stromal cells within 24 hours and in pyometra-affected uteri from dogs. Stromal cells could therefore play an important role in early neutrophil and T cell recruitment to the site of inflammation during gram-negative bacterial infection of the uterus. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of chemokines in host response to bacterial infection in dogs and the possibility of using chemokines as diagnostic parameters for bacterial infection in this species. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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