| 1. |
- Gunnarsson, Thorsteinn, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Mobile computerized tomography scanning in the neurosurgery intensive care unit : increase in patient safety and reduction of staff workload
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurosurgery. - : Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG). - 0022-3085 .- 1933-0693. ; 93:3, s. 432-436
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Object. Transportation of unstable neurosurgical patients involves risks that may lead to further deterioration and secondary brain injury from perturbations in physiological parameters. Mobile computerized tomography (CT) head scanning in the neurosurgery intensive care (NICU) is a new technique that minimizes the need to transport unstable patients. The authors have been using this device since June 1997 and have developed their own method of scanning such patients.Methods. The scanning procedure and radiation safety measures are described. The complications that occurred in 89 patients during transportation and conventional head CT scanning at the Department of Radiology were studied prospectively. These complications were compared with the ones that occurred during mobile CT scanning in 50 patients in the NICU. The duration of the procedures was recorded, and an estimation of the staff workload was made. Two patient groups, defined as high- and medium-risk cases, were studied. Medical and/or technical complications occurred during conventional CT scanning in 25% and 20% of the patients in the high- and medium-risk groups, respectively. During mobile CT scanning complications occurred in 4.3% of the high-risk group and 0% of the medium-risk group. Mobile CT scanning also took significantly less time, and the estimated personnel cost was reduced.Conclusions. Mobile CT scanning in the NICU is safe. It minimizes the risk of physiological deterioration and technical mishaps linked to intrahospital transport, which may aggravate secondary brain injury. The time that patients have to remain outside the controlled environment of the NICU is minimized, and the staff's workload is decreased.
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| 2. |
- Nordén, J., et al.
(författare)
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Nutrition impact symptoms and body composition in patients with COPD
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 69:2, s. 256-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Objectives:Anorexia or lack of appetite is common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and may be caused or augmented by several symptoms affecting appetite and eating. We aimed to investigate and quantify the extent of nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) in patients with COPD and to explore relationships between NIS and fat-free mass depletion.Subjects/Methods:The results in this cross-sectional study are based on 169 COPD patients (62% female subjects). Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy and the patients reported NIS by two newly developed questionnaires: the Eating Symptoms Questionnaire (ESQ) and the Disease-Related Appetite Questionnaire (DRAQ).Results:Symptoms with the highest prevalence were dry mouth (71%), stomach ache (39%), pain or aches affecting appetite (36%) and constipation (35%). Problems with diarrhoea and feeling affected by smells were more severe among women compared with men (P<0.05). Thirty-six percent of the patients were depleted (fat-free mass index (FFMI) <15 kg/m(2) for women and FFMI<16 kg/m(2) for men). Depleted patients had more NIS (P<0.05) and also rated appetite and taste of food as worse compared with non-depleted patients (P<0.05).Conclusions:NIS are common in patients with COPD, and depleted patients have more severe symptoms. To investigate how these symptoms are best prevented and/or managed and whether NIS prevention/treatment can affect development of malnutrition in patients with COPD is a challenge for the future.
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| 3. |
- Berghammer, Malin, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Self-reported health status (EQ-5D) in adults with congenital heart disease
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 165:3, s. 537-543
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Today, more patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) reach adulthood. There are conflicting findings concerning the relationship between quality of life (QoL) or health state for adults with CHD and the complexity of their CHD. The aim of the study was, firstly, to compare the reported health status and health perception of adult patients with CHD and, secondly, to investigate what variables influenced the patients' health status and health perception. Methods: Data from 1435 patients completing the EQ-5D questionnaire, which includes reported health status and health perception, were analyzed. Results: Valid EQ-5D data were reported by 1274 patients, showing overall results indicating a good health status. Problems were most frequently reported in the dimension "pain/discomfort" (31.9%) and "anxiety/depression" (29.8%). Higher occurrence of problems were reported by patients with complex disease i.e. single ventricle (p<0.001) and by female patients (p<0.0001). Symptomatic patients reported a lower health status (p<0.0001) and a lower perceived health on EQ-VAS (p<0.0001). Of the asymptomatic patients, 20.5% nevertheless reported problems in "pain/discomfort" and 22.2% in the "anxiety/depression" dimension. Conclusion: The health status of adults with CHD is influenced by symptoms, NYHA-classification, age and gender. Adults with CHD report a lower occurrence of problems in comparison to previously published results from a general population, but the importance of actively asking about the patient's experience is demonstrated by the high degree of asymptomatic patients reporting problems on EQ-5D. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Billger, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Calpain processing of brain microtubules from the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua.
- 1993
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Ingår i: Molecular and cellular biochemistry. - 0300-8177. ; 121:1, s. 85-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microtubules isolated from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) brains retained assembly competence and ultraculture, although treatment with rabbit calpain resulted in loss of MAPs. In addition, spirals and aberrant structures formed when calpain I was activated post assembly. No such effect was seen with calpain II. Soluble fractions from cod brain were found to contain proteolytic activity that could be blocked by exogenously added calpastatin. Calpain was also isolated from cod muscle tissue with 10 times less yield, compared to rabbit lung. On the basis of Ca(2+)-requirements for activation in the mM range, electrophoretic mobility, antigenicity and hydrophobicity, we conclude that the proteolytic activity was attributable to calpain II. There was no difference in effects of rabbit and cod calpain II on cod microtubule proteins, indicating that calpain is a conserved protein. Our results suggest that calpains might be involved in the Ca(2+)-dependent irreversible regulation of cod brain microtubules.
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| 7. |
- Eek-Karlsson, Liselotte, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Beating Around the Bush – Swedish Schoolgirls’ Coping Strategies and Impact Processes of Sexual Harassment
- 2023
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Ingår i: Sexuality & Culture. - : Springer. - 1095-5143 .- 1936-4822. ; 27, s. 415-434
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to contribute knowledge about Swedish school girls’ perspectives of sexual harassment and their relations to peers when exposed to violence in terms of sexual harassment, both online and offline. The empirical data was collected through pair interviews where 28 girls participated. The theoretical framework was based on coping strategies that people use when facing stressful situations. The transcribed empirical data was read and interpreted based on what appeared to be important and decisive related to the theoretical framework. The found strategies are divided into three main categories, namely, problem-focused behavioural strategies, emotion-focused cognitive strategies, and emotion-focused behavioural strategies. The results show that the girls use different strategies depending on if the harassment occurs online or offline and if the perpetrator is known or unknown. Problem-focused cognitive strategies are used due to the specific context. Emotion-focused cognitive strategies are foremost used if the perpetrator is a known friend.
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| 8. |
- Einbeigi, Zakaria, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Occurrence of both breast and ovarian cancer in a woman is a marker for the BRCA gene mutations: a population-based study from western Sweden.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Familial cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1389-9600 .- 1573-7292. ; 6:1, s. 35-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: This study aimed to analyze whether the occurrence of both breast and ovarian cancer in a woman serves as a marker for BRCA gene mutations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This population-based study included 256 women in western Sweden who developed both invasive breast and ovarian tumors between 1958 and 1999. Archival paraffin tissue blocks of their tumors were retrieved for DNA-extraction to analyze the founder mutation, BRCA1 c.3171_3175dup (c.3171ins5), which is most common in this geographic area and four other common Scandinavian BRCA1 gene mutations and one BRCA2 mutation. Together, account these mutations for approximately 75% of the BRCA1/2 gene mutations in the clinical unit. RESULTS: Ninteen percent (95% confidence interval (CI) 14-24%) of the women carried one of the analyzed BRCA1 gene mutations but none of the women were positive for the analyzed BRCA2 mutation. One-third of the women with both tumors before age 60 were mutation carriers. BRCA1 c.3171_3175dup (c.3171ins5) constituted 84% of all identified mutations. Although the majority of breast cancers were invasive ductal and atypical medullary types, a variety of other breast malignancies were seen among mutation carriers. Serous ovarian carcinomas predominated among ovarian tumors. A variety of other ovarian tumors, including three granulosa-theca cell tumors, were also observed among mutation carriers. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of both breast and ovarian cancer in a woman is associated with a high likelihood of a constitutional BRCA1 mutation. These women and their families might therefore be considered for mutation screening after appropriate genetic counselling.
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| 9. |
- Engström, My, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Perception of Control Over Eating After Bariatric Surgery for Super-Obesity-a 2-Year Follow-Up Study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Obesity Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0960-8923 .- 1708-0428. ; 25:6, s. 1086-1093
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physiological and psychosocial factors might contribute to differences in weight loss, eating behaviour and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after bariatric surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate how perceived control over eating changes after bariatric surgery and whether it affects outcome in super-obese patients.In a retrospective analysis of a prospective study (n = 60), 49 patients were divided into two groups based on eating control 2 years after surgery, as assessed by the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R21 (TFEQ-R21): 29 with good eating control (GC) and 20 patients with poor eating control (group PC). Eating behaviour and generic and condition-specific HRQoL was assessed by questionnaires.There were significant differences in all TFEQ-R21 domains 2 years after surgery in favour of group GC; uncontrolled eating p < 0.001, emotional eating p < 0.001 and for cognitive restraint p = 0.04. The improvement in HRQoL 2 years after surgery was significantly less in group PC compared to group GC in 7 of 8 SF-36 domains (p < 0.05). Mean (SD) percentage of excess body mass index lost was similar between groups, 71.2 (17.8) in group GC versus 65.4 (17.4) in group PC 2 years after surgery (p = 0.27). However, group GC had a significant weight loss between first and second year after surgery (p < 0.001) compared to group PC (p = 0.15). In super-obese patients, perceived poor control over eating 2 years after bariatric surgery was associated with lower HRQoL and more emotional and cognitive restraint eating, than good control overeating.
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