| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
-
De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
|
|
| 2. |
- Ahmad, Amais, et al.
(författare)
-
IMI – Oral biopharmaceutics tools project – Evaluation of bottom-up PBPK prediction success part 4 : Prediction accuracy and software comparisons with improved data and modelling strategies
- 2020
-
Ingår i: European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0939-6411 .- 1873-3441. ; 156, s. 50-63
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oral drug absorption is a complex process depending on many factors, including the physicochemical properties of the drug, formulation characteristics and their interplay with gastrointestinal physiology and biology. Physiological-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models integrate all available information on gastro-intestinal system with drug and formulation data to predict oral drug absorption. The latter together with in vitro-in vivo extrapolation and other preclinical data on drug disposition can be used to predict plasma concentration-time profiles in silico. Despite recent successes of PBPK in many areas of drug development, an improvement in their utility for evaluating oral absorption is much needed. Current status of predictive performance, within the confinement of commonly available in vitro data on drugs and formulations alongside systems information, were tested using 3 PBPK software packages (GI-Sim (ver.4.1), Simcyp® Simulator (ver.15.0.86.0), and GastroPlusTM (ver.9.0.00xx)). This was part of the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) Oral Biopharmaceutics Tools (OrBiTo) project.Fifty eight active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) were qualified from the OrBiTo database to be part of the investigation based on a priori set criteria on availability of minimum necessary information to allow modelling exercise. The set entailed over 200 human clinical studies with over 700 study arms. These were simulated using input parameters which had been harmonised by a panel of experts across different software packages prior to conduct of any simulation. Overall prediction performance and software packages comparison were evaluated based on performance indicators (Fold error (FE), Average fold error (AFE) and absolute average fold error (AAFE)) of pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters.On average, PK parameters (Area Under the Concentration-time curve (AUC0-tlast), Maximal concentration (Cmax), half-life (t1/2)) were predicted with AFE values between 1.11 and 1.97. Variability in FEs of these PK parameters was relatively high with AAFE values ranging from 2.08 to 2.74. Around half of the simulations were within the 2-fold error for AUC0-tlast and around 90% of the simulations were within 10-fold error for AUC0-tlast. Oral bioavailability (Foral) predictions, which were limited to 19 APIs having intravenous (i.v.) human data, showed AFE and AAFE of values 1.37 and 1.75 respectively. Across different APIs, AFE of AUC0-tlast predictions were between 0.22 and 22.76 with 70% of the APIs showing an AFE > 1. When compared across different formulations and routes of administration, AUC0-tlast for oral controlled release and i.v. administration were better predicted than that for oral immediate release formulations. Average predictive performance did not clearly differ between software packages but some APIs showed a high level of variability in predictive performance across different software packages. This variability could be related to several factors such as compound specific properties, the quality and availability of information, and errors in scaling from in vitro and preclinical in vivo data to human in vivo behaviour which will be explored further. Results were compared with previous similar exercise when the input data selection was carried by the modeller rather than a panel of experts on each in vitro test. Overall, average predictive performance was increased as reflected in smaller AAFE value of 2.8 as compared to AAFE value of 3.8 in case of previous exercise.
|
|
| 3. |
- Blomstrand, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Pain, hand function, activity performance and apprehensiveness, in patients with surgically treated distal radius fractures
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2000-656X .- 2000-6764. ; 57:1-6, s. 247-252
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Distal radius fracture (DRF) is a common injury, affecting both function and activity performance. Postoperative rehabilitation is an essential part of the treatment of a surgically treated DRF. The study aims were to assess pain, hand function, activity performance and apprehensiveness and their association, during the first three months after a surgically treated DRF. Eighty-eight patients with a DRF were assessed for pain, hand function, activity performance and apprehensiveness three days and two, six and 12 weeks after surgery. The results indicated that pain, range of motion (ROM), grip strength, apprehensiveness, and activity performance (PRWE) improved significantly between follow-ups (p < .001-.01). Apprehensiveness correlated moderately with activity performance on all visits (0.40-0.47, p < .01), which implies a correlation between the variables, but the regression model showed that the differences in the PRWE at twelve weeks cannot be explained by the differences in apprehensiveness or range of motion at cast removal. At 12 weeks, the study participants had regained almost 70% of their grip strength and 74-96% of the ROM of the uninjured hand. The study shows that, during the study period, the participants improved in both pain, hand function and activity performance, and indicates that a simple question on apprehensiveness in terms of using the injured hand in daily life could be an important factor in distal radius fracture rehabilitation.
|
|
| 4. |
- Carlsson, Lena M S, 1957, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term incidence of serious fall-related injuries after bariatric surgery in Swedish obese subjects.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International journal of obesity (2005). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5497 .- 0307-0565. ; 43:4, s. 933-937
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity increases risk of falling, but the effect of bariatric surgery on fall-related injuries is unknown. The aim of this study was therefore to study the association between bariatric surgery and long-term incidence of fall-related injuries in the prospective, controlled Swedish Obese Subjects study. At inclusion, body mass index was≥34kg/m2 in men and ≥38kg/m2 in women. The surgery per-protocol group (n=2007) underwent gastric bypass (n=266), banding (n=376), or vertical banded gastroplasty (n=1365), and controls (n=2040) received usual care. At the time of analysis (31 December 2013), median follow-up was 19 years (maximal 26 years). Fall-related injuries requiring hospital treatment were captured using data from the Swedish National Patient Register. During follow-up, there were 617 first-time fall-related injuries in the surgery group and 513 in the control group (adjusted hazard ratio 1.21, 95% CI, 1.07-1.36; P=0.002). The incidence differed between treatment groups (P<0.001, log-rank test) and was higher after gastric bypass than after usual care, banding and vertical banded gastroplasty (adjusted hazard ratio 0.50-0.52, P<0.001 for all three comparisons). In conclusion, gastric bypass surgery was associated with increased risk of serious fall-related injury requiring hospital treatment.
|
|
| 5. |
- Darwich, Adam S., et al.
(författare)
-
IMI - Oral biopharmaceutics tools project - Evaluation of bottom-up PBPK prediction success part 3 : Identifying gaps in system parameters by analysing In Silico performance across different compound classes
- 2017
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-0987 .- 1879-0720. ; 96, s. 626-642
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic software packages (GI-Sim, Simcyp (R) Simulator, and GastroPlus (TM)) were evaluated as part of the Innovative Medicine Initiative Oral Biopharmaceutics Tools project (OrBiTo) during a blinded "bottom-up" anticipation of human pharmacokinetics. After data analysis of the predicted vs. measured pharmacokinetics parameters, it was found that oral bioavailability (F-oral) was underpredicted for compounds with low permeability, suggesting improper estimates of intestinal surface area, colonic absorption and/or lack of intestinal transporter information. Foralwas also underpredicted for acidic compounds, suggesting overestimation of impact of ionisation on permeation, lack of information on intestinal transporters, or underestimation of solubilisation of weak acids due to less than optimal intestinal model pH settings or underestimation of bile micelle contribution. F-oral was overpredicted for weak bases, suggesting inadequate models for precipitation or lack of in vitro precipitation information to build informed models. Relative bioavailability was underpredicted for both high logP compounds as well as poorly water-soluble compounds, suggesting inadequate models for solubility/dissolution, underperforming bile enhancement models and/or lack of biorelevant solubility measurements. These results indicate areas for improvement in model software, modelling approaches, and generation of applicable input data. However, caution is required when interpreting the impact of drug-specific properties in this exercise, as the availability of input parameters was heterogeneous and highly variable, and the modellers generally used the data "as is" in this blinded bottom-up prediction approach.
|
|
| 6. |
- Destouni, Georgia, et al.
(författare)
-
Hydro-Biogeochemical and Environmental-Management Functions of Wetland Networks in Landscapes
- 2012
-
Ingår i: 9th INTECOL International Wetlands Conference, Wetlands in a Complex World. ; , s. 915-
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A main application goal of ecohydrological science is to amplify opportunities of achieving water quality improvements, biodiversity enhancements and sustainable development, by improved understanding and use of ecosystem properties as a management tool. This paper draws on and synthesizes main result implications for the function and possible enhanced use of wetland networks in the landscape as such a tool, from a series of hydro-biogeochemical and environmental economics studies of nutrient/pollutant loading and abatement in different Swedish hydrological catchments. Results show large potential of wetland networks to reduce the cost of abating nutrient and metal loads within and from hydrological catchments, and emphasize some main research questions for further investigations of actual possibilities to realize this potential. The questions regard in particular the ability of wetland networks to extend the travel times and reduce the uncertainty of hydrological nutrient/pollutant transport through catchments.The paper further presents and discusses some main joint conclusions of the participants in a recently held International Workshop on Ecohydrology and Integrated Water Resource Management (1) at the Navarino Environmental Observatory in Messinia, Greece (2), regarding essential goals for collaborative international efforts in wetland network research. The goals include to investigate on different spatiotemporal scales and in different world regions: a) the dynamics of natural and managed wetland networks across a gradient of different climate, human disturbance, energy and organization conditions; b) the reciprocal interactions between wetland networks and associated hydrological catchments; c) how climate change and different human activities in the wetland network catchments influence these interactions (in b) and generally the ecohydrology of individual wetlands and the whole wetland networks; and d) the ecosystem services provided by networks of wetlands.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Hellsmark, Hans, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
Teknologiska innovationssystem inom energiområdet: En praktisk vägledning till identifiering av systemsvagheter som motiverar särskilda politiska åtaganden
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna rapport är att illustrera hur ett praktiskt inriktat ramverk, tekno- logiska innovationssystem (TIS), kan användas av analytiker och beslutsfattare vid departement och myndigheter för att analysera strategiskt viktiga teknikområden ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????I rapporten analyseras fem TIS centrerade kring havsbaserad vindkraft, marin energi, ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? systemsvagheter som bromsar områdets vidare utveckling, vilka som kan åtgärdas av systemets aktörer och vilka som motiverar särskilda politiska åtaganden. Rapporten utgör därmed ett underlag för att formulera åtgärder för att åstadkomma ökad innova- tion, teknikspridning och industrialisering inom ovan nämnda teknikområden.Studien har även möjliggjort en jämförande analys av likheter och skillnader ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? mellan områdena – de är starka respektive svaga av olika orsaker. Detta visar att ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Samtidigt har områdena gemensamma drag. Systemets aktörer, där även politiska ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????- skapsnätverk. Men de har varit sämre på att skapa tidiga nischmarknader som ger utrymme för fortsatt lärande och kostnadsreduktion. Sådana nischer kan ibland skapas av marknadens aktörer, men ofta krävs politiska styrmedel. De behövs för att investeringar i kunskapsutveckling ska kunna nyttiggöras och för att en bred industriell utveckling inom nya områden skall göras möjlig i Sverige.Vidare presenteras lärdomar kring vad en aktiv teknikpolitik innebär. Två huvud- ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????- hällsbygget och därför bör vara ett politikområde bland många samt att den skarpa ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????- ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? olika faser av innovationssystemets utveckling.För att lyckas med en aktiv teknikpolitik behövs en hög grad av koordinering ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? teknikområden så att ”rätt” typ av åtgärder kan sättas in vid ”rätt” tidpunkt av ”rätt” aktör. TIS-ramverket lyfts här fram som en metod för att skapa ett sådant underlag. Slutligen presenteras en metod för projektbedömningar som syftar till att stötta handläggare i utvärderingar av projekt inom nya teknikområden.Rapporten i sin helhet riktar sig särskilt till beslutsfattare och handläggare vid myndigheter, departement och politiker, men även andra organisationer och indi- vider med intresse av att högt ställda klimatmål ska kunna nås samtidigt som en positiv näringslivsutveckling möjliggörs.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Hellsten, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
-
Effekter av stormen Gudrun på kväveutlakning från skogsmark
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna rapport utvärderas effekter av stormen Gudrun på 35 ytor inom Krondroppsnätet, framförallt med avseende på kväveutlakningen från skogsmark efter en storm. Resultaten visade på ett tydligt samband mellan stormskadornas omfattning och nitrathalterna i markvattnet, med högre nitrathalter i de ytor som skadades mest. Effekten varierade dock inom samma skadeklass, vilket beror på andra faktorer som till exempel markvegetationen, kvävenedfallet, markvattnets surhetsgrad och beståndets ålder. Uppskalning av resultatet visade att den totala kvävebruttobelastningen till Östersjön och Västerhavet från skogsmark kan öka med ca 8 % till följd av en storm av Gudruns storlek.
|
|
