| 1. |
- Bellner, Lars, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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A Monocyte-Specific Peptide from Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Glycoprotein G Activates the NADPH-Oxidase but Not Chemotaxis through a G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Distinct from the Members of the Formyl Peptide Receptor Family.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). - 0022-1767. ; 179:9, s. 6080-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have recently identified a peptide derived from the secreted portion of the HSV-2 glycoprotein G, gG-2p20, to be proinflammatory. Based on its ability to activate neutrophils and monocytes via the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that down-regulate NK cell function, we suggested it to be of importance in HSV-2 pathogenesis. We now describe the effects of an overlapping peptide, gG-2p19, derived from the same HSV-2 protein. Also, this peptide activated the ROS-generating NADPH-oxidase, however, only in monocytes and not in neutrophils. Surprisingly, gG-2p19 did not induce a chemotactic response in the affected monocytes despite using a pertussis toxin-sensitive, supposedly G-protein-coupled receptor. The specificity for monocytes suggested that FPR and its homologue FPR like-1 (FPRL1) did not function as receptors for gG-2p19, and this was also experimentally confirmed. Surprisingly, the monocyte-specific FPR homologue FPRL2 was not involved either, and the responsible receptor thus remains unknown so far. However, the receptor shares some basic signaling properties with FPRL1 in that the gG-2p19-induced response was inhibited by PBP10, a peptide that has earlier been shown to selectively inhibit FPRL1-triggered responses. We conclude that secretion and subsequent degradation of the HSV-2 glycoprotein G can generate several peptides that activate phagocytes through different receptors, and with different cellular specificities, to generate ROS with immunomodulatory properties.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Flowers, Sarah A., et al.
(författare)
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Decrease of core 2 O-glycans on synovial lubricin in osteoarthritis reduces galectin-3 mediated crosslinking
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 295:47, s. 16023-16036
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The synovial fluid glycoprotein lubricin (also known as proteoglycan 4) is a mucin-type O-linked glycosylated biological lubricant implicated to be involved in osteoarthritis (OA) development. Lubricin's ability to reduce friction is related to its glycosylation consisting of sialylated and unsialylated Tn-antigens and core 1 and core 2 structures. The glycans on lubricin have also been suggested to be involved in crosslinking and stabilization of the lubricating superficial layer of cartilage by mediating interaction between lubricin and galectin-3. However, with the spectrum of glycans being found on lubricin, the glycan candidates involved in this interaction were unknown. Here, we confirm that the core 2 O-linked glycans mediate this lubricin-galectin-3 interaction, shown by surface plasmon resonance data indicating that recombinant lubricin (rhPRG4) devoid of core 2 structures did not bind to recombinant galectin-3. Conversely, transfection of Chinese hamster ovary cells with the core 2 GlcNAc transferase acting on a mucin-type O-glycoprotein displayed increased galectin-3 binding. Both the level of galectin-3 and the galectin-3 interactions with synovial lubricin were found to be decreased in late-stage OA patients, coinciding with an increase in unsialylated core 1 O-glycans (T-antigens) and Tn-antigens. These data suggest a defect in crosslinking of surface-active molecules in OA and provide novel insights into OA molecular pathology.
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| 4. |
- Jönsson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Global governance vs local governance in the field of HIV/AIDS: an analytical framework
- 2009
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - 1403-1264. - 9789197574198 ; , s. 474-480
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent decades have been characterised by increasingly complex governance structures. In order to tackle threats from epidemics, environmental degradation and other trans-boundary problems governments collaborate not only with actors from other governments, international agencies and civil society, but also from the private sector and business community. Large numbers of global partnerships, including public-private, have been created together with initiatives such as the Millennium Development Goals, which guide today’s development strategies. Nevertheless we do not know enough about how these new arrangements affect national politics, policymaking and eventually policy implementation at the local level. The current changes are quite radical in terms of governance and the role of the state, especially in transitional low-income countries where not only new actors enter the scene, but also new norms and ways of doing things affecting policymaking have to be taken into account, together with the new collaboration patterns. Political processes are affected in various ways, which in turn raises questions about the democratic quality of governing arrangements at different levels of society. The aim of this paper is to develop an analytical framework that can be used to better understand these processes. The paper is part of a three-year project with the ambition to investigate how global policy and global partnerships influence national and local governance, and vice versa, both with regard to political and organisational structures and to concrete policy initiatives and their implementation. Inclusion and exclusion in policymaking together with the role of the state in relation to other actors is central for the project. Empirically the project focuses on HIV/AIDS policies in Cambodia and Laos. The project is qualitative in character using a comparative case study approach. Besides literature reviews, interviews will be conducted with representatives from international organisations and agencies, NGOs and health officials. The results are expected to be policy relevant and contribute with both empirical and theoretical findings.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Lind, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of aquaporins from the euryhaline barnacle Balanus improvisus reveals differential expression in response to changes in salinity
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Barnacles are sessile macro-invertebrates, found along rocky shores in coastal areas worldwide. The euryhaline bay barnacle Balanus improvisus (Darwin, 1854) (= Amphibalanus improvisus) can tolerate a wide range of salinities, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the osmoregulatory capacity of this truly brackish species are not well understood. Aquaporins are pore-forming integral membrane proteins that facilitate transport of water, small solutes and ions through cellular membranes, and that have been shown to be important for osmoregulation in many organisms. The knowledge of the function of aquaporins in crustaceans is, however, limited and nothing is known about them in barnacles. We here present the repertoire of aquaporins from a thecostracan crustacean, the barnacle B. improvisus, based on genome and transcriptome sequencing. Our analyses reveal that B. improvisus contains eight genes for aquaporins. Phylogenetic analysis showed that they represented members of the classical water aquaporins (Aqp1, Aqp2), the aquaglyceroporins (Glp1, Glp2), the unorthodox aquaporin (Aqp12) and the arthropod-specific big brain aquaporin (Bib). Interestingly, we also found two big brain-like proteins (BibL1 and BibL2) constituting a new group of aquaporins not yet described in arthropods. In addition, we found that the two water-specific aquaporins were expressed as C-terminal splice variants. Heterologous expression of some of the aquaporins followed by functional characterization showed that Aqp1 transported water and Glp2 water and glycerol, agreeing with the predictions of substrate specificity based on 3D modeling and phylogeny. To investigate a possible role for the B. improvisus aquaporins in osmoregulation, mRNA expression changes in adult barnacles were analysed after long-term acclimation to different salinities. The most pronounced expression difference was seen for AQP1 with a substantial (>100-fold) decrease in the mantle tissue in low salinity (3 PSU) compared to high salinity (33 PSU). Our study provides a base for future mechanistic studies on the role of aquaporins in osmoregulation. © 2017 Lind et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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| 7. |
- Pousette, Anders, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Informationssäkerhetskultur i praktiken: Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projektet Informationssäkerhetskultur i praktiken har finansierats av MSB under åren 2019–2024 med syftet att förklara och belysa hur informationssäkerhetskulturen i organisationer kan förändras till det bättre. Fokus har varit på olika sätt att mäta och förändra kulturen. Projektet har genomförts av forskare i tre organisationer. Upplägget är tvärvetenskapligt med forskare specialiserade inom ämnen såsom fredsstudier, statsvetenskap, informatik, psykologi och cyberförsvar. Det tvärvetenskapliga angreppssättet har, förutom de resultat som presenteras i denna rapport, inneburit stort kunskapsutbyte mellan forskare i projektet och förbättrat deras förståelse för de problem och dilemman som kopplas till hantering av informationssäkerhetskulturer. Projektets forskningsplan inkluderade flera datainsamlingsinsatser och interventioner i samhällsviktiga organisationer. Eftersom kunskap om en organisations informationssäkerhet kan missbrukas av illasinnade aktörer förutsatte projektet stort förtroende och engagemang från dessa organisationer. Det krävde också förtroende och engagemang från enskilda individer inom dessa organisationer som förväntades delta i studierna. Den pandemi som drabbade världen i början av projektet innebar att många av de planer som gjorts behövde justeras och förändras. Organisationer och personer som trots detta valt att stödja studien förtjänar därför ett tack utöver det vanliga. Stort tack!
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| 8. |
- Ran, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental assessment of diets: overview and guidance on indicator choice
- 2024
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Ingår i: The Lancet Planetary Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2542-5196. ; 8:3, s. e172-e187
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comprehensive but interpretable assessment of the environmental performance of diets involves choosing a set of appropriate indicators. Current knowledge and data gaps on the origin of dietary foodstuffs restrict use of indicators relying on site-specific information. This Personal View summarises commonly used indicators for assessing the environmental performance of diets, briefly outlines their benefits and drawbacks, and provides recommendations on indicator choices for actors across multiple fields involved in activities that include the environmental assessment of diets. We then provide recommendations on indicator choices for actors across multiple fields involved in activities that use environmental assessments, such as health and nutrition experts, policy makers, decision makers, and private-sector and public-sector sustainability officers. We recommend that environmental assessment of diets should include indicators for at least the five following areas: climate change, biosphere integrity, blue water consumption, novel entities, and impacts on natural resources (especially wild fish stocks), to capture important environmental trade-offs. If more indicators can be handled in the assessment, indicators to capture impacts related to land use quantity and quality and green water consumption should be used. For ambitious assessments, indicators related to biogeochemical flows, stratospheric ozone depletion, and energy use can be added.
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| 9. |
- Ran, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental assessment of diets: overview and guidance on indicator choice
- 2024
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Ingår i: The Lancet Planetary Health. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 2542-5196. ; 8:3, s. e172-e187
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comprehensive but interpretable assessment of the environmental performance of diets involves choosing a set of appropriate indicators. Current knowledge and data gaps on the origin of dietary foodstuffs restrict use of indicators relying on site-specific information. This Personal View summarises commonly used indicators for assessing the environmental performance of diets, briefly outlines their benefits and drawbacks, and provides recommendations on indicator choices for actors across multiple fields involved in activities that include the environmental assessment of diets. We then provide recommendations on indicator choices for actors across multiple fields involved in activities that use environmental assessments, such as health and nutrition experts, policy makers, decision makers, and private-sector and public-sector sustainability officers. We recommend that environmental assessment of diets should include indicators for at least the five following areas: climate change, biosphere integrity, blue water consumption, novel entities, and impacts on natural resources (especially wild fish stocks), to capture important environmental trade-offs. If more indicators can be handled in the assessment, indicators to capture impacts related to land use quantity and quality and green water consumption should be used. For ambitious assessments, indicators related to biogeochemical flows, stratospheric ozone depletion, and energy use can be added.
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| 10. |
- Ran, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental assessment of diets: overview and guidance on indicator choice
- 2024
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Ingår i: The Lancet Planetary Health. - 2542-5196. ; 8:3, s. e172-e187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comprehensive but interpretable assessment of the environmental performance of diets involves choosing a set of appropriate indicators. Current knowledge and data gaps on the origin of dietary foodstuffs restrict use of indicators relying on site-specific information.This Personal View summarises commonly used indicators for assessing the environmental performance of diets, briefly outlines their benefits and drawbacks, and provides recommendations on indicator choices for actors across multiple fields involved in activities that include the environmental assessment of diets.We then provide recommendations on indicator choices for actors across multiple fields involved in activities that use environmental assessments, such as health and nutrition experts, policy makers, decision makers, and private-sector and public-sector sustainability officers. We recommend that environmental assessment of diets should include indicators for at least the five following areas: climate change, biosphere integrity, blue water consumption, novel entities, and impacts on natural resources (especially wild fish stocks), to capture important environmental trade-offs.If more indicators can be handled in the assessment, indicators to capture impacts related to land use quantity and quality and green water consumption should be used. For ambitious assessments, indicators related to biogeochemical flows, stratospheric ozone depletion, and energy use can be added.
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