| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
- Benze, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Making limb and nadir measurements comparable : A common volume study of PMC brightness observed by Odin OSIRIS and AIM CIPS
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1364-6826 .- 1879-1824. ; 167, s. 66-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combining limb and nadir satellite observations of Polar Mesospheric Clouds (PMCs) has long been recognized as problematic due to differences in observation geometry, scattering conditions, and retrieval approaches. This study offers a method of comparing PMC brightness observations from the nadir-viewing Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) Cloud Imaging and Particle Size (CIPS) instrument and the limb-viewing Odin Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imaging System (OSIRIS). OSIRIS and CIPS measurements are made comparable by defining a common volume for overlapping OSIRIS and CIPS observations for two northern hemisphere (NH) PMC seasons: NH08 and NH09. We define a scattering intensity quantity that is suitable for either nadir or limb observations and for different scattering conditions. A known CIPS bias is applied, differences in instrument sensitivity are analyzed and taken into account, and effects of cloud inhomogeneity and common volume definition on the comparison are discussed. Not accounting for instrument sensitivity differences or inhomogeneities in the PMC field, the mean relative difference in cloud brightness (CIPS - OSIRIS) is -102 +/- 55%. The differences are largest for coincidences with very inhomogeneous clouds that are dominated by pixels that CIPS reports as non-cloud points. Removing these coincidences, the mean relative difference in cloud brightness reduces to -6 +/- 14%. The correlation coefficient between the CIPS and OSIRIS measurements of PMC brightness variations in space and time is remarkably high, at 0.94. Overall, the comparison shows excellent agreement despite different retrieval approaches and observation geometries.
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| 3. |
- Braekeveldt, Noémie, et al.
(författare)
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Patient-derived xenograft models reveal intratumor heterogeneity and temporal stability in neuroblastoma
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472. ; 78:20, s. 5958-5969
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and the Avatar, a single PDX mirroring an individual patient, are emerging tools in preclinical cancer research. However, the consequences of intratumor heterogeneity for PDX modeling of biomarkers, target identification, and treatment decisions remain underexplored. In this study, we undertook serial passaging and comprehensive molecular analysis of neuroblastoma orthotopic PDXs, which revealed strong intrinsic genetic, transcriptional, and phenotypic stability for more than 2 years. The PDXs showed preserved neuroblastoma-associated gene signatures that correlated with poor clinical outcome in a large cohort of patients with neuroblastoma. Furthermore, we captured spatial intratumor heterogeneity using ten PDXs from a single high-risk patient tumor. We observed diverse growth rates, transcriptional, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic profiles. PDX-derived transcriptional profiles were associated with diverse clinical characteristics in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. These data suggest that high-risk neuroblastoma contains elements of both temporal stability and spatial intratumor heterogeneity, the latter of which complicates clinical translation of personalized PDX-Avatar studies into preclinical cancer research.
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| 4. |
- Bylund, Johan, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Cytochalasin B triggers a novel pertussis toxin sensitive pathway in TNF-alpha primed neutrophils
- 2004
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Ingår i: BMC cell biology. - 1471-2121. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Cytochalasin B does not directly activate the oxygen-radical-producing NADPH oxidase activity of neutrophils but transfers desensitized G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) into an active signaling state by uncoupling GCPR from the cytoskeleton. The receptor uncoupling results in respiratory burst activity when signals generated by reactivated formyl peptide receptors trigger the NADPH-oxidase to produce superoxide anions. RESULTS: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) primes neutrophils for subsequent activation by cytochalasin B. Pretreatment with TNF-alpha induced mobilization of receptor-storing neutrophil organelles, suggesting that receptor up-regulation significantly contributes to the response, but the receptor mobilization was not sufficient for induction of the cytochalasin B sensitive state. The TNF-alpha primed state resembled that of the desensitized non-signaling state of agonist-occupied neutrophil formyl peptide receptors. The fact that the TNF-alpha primed, cytochalasin B-triggered activation process was pertussis toxin sensitive suggests that the activation process involves a GPCR. Based on desensitization experiments the unidentified receptor was found to be distinct from the C5a receptor as well as the formyl peptide receptor family members FPR and FPRL1. Based on the fact the occupied and desensitized receptors for interleukin-8 and platelet activating factor could not be reactivated by cytochalasin B, also these could be excluded as receptor candidates involved in the TNF-alpha primed state. CONCLUSIONS: The TNF-alpha-induced priming signals could possibly trigger a release of an endogenous GPCR-agonist, amplifying the response to the receptor-uncoupling effect of cytochalasin B. However, no such substance could be found, suggesting that TNF-alpha can transfer G-protein coupled receptors to a signaling state independently of agonist binding.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Carmont, Michael R, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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The reliability, reproducibility and utilization of the radiographic Achilles Tendon Loading Angle in the management of Achilles Tendon rupture.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Foot and ankle surgery : official journal of the European Society of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. - : Elsevier BV. - 1460-9584. ; 27:7, s. 760-766
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During management of Achilles tendon rupture, determination of tendon-end approximation, either clinically or by ultrasound is difficult, following brace application of during loading. The Radiographic Achilles Tendon Loading Angle (RadATLA) is proposed as a method of measuring ankle position whilst loading in a brace during the management of Achilles tendon rupture. This study aims to determine the reliability and reproducibility of the RadATLA.A loaded true lateral ankle radiograph including the fifth metatarsal head was taken when wearing a brace at the 6-week time point in 18 patients (19 ankles). following Achilles tendon repair or reconstruction. The RadATLA was compared with the Tibio-talar angle, other radiographic and clinical measures used to quantify foot and ankle position during the first 6 weeks of early rehabilitation in a resting position and during loading.The intra-rater reliability of both angles was found to be good (>0.8). The RadATLA was found to have an excellent intra-rater reliability with Intra-class correlation of (ICC) 0.992-0.996 (95%CI 0.889-0.999), standard error of the measurement (SEM) 1.03-3.65 and Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) 2.86-10.12. The inter-rater reliability was good with ICC of 0.798-0.969 (95%CI-0.03 to 0.964), SEM 2.9-7.6, and MDC 8.1-20.9. The RadATLA loaded at 6 weeks in all patients was at mean (SD) (range) 41.9˚ (16.5), (18.5-75.9). There was a significant difference between the patients in the Repair group compared with patients in the Reconstruction group both in RadATLA loaded at 6 weeks: 35.6˚ (11.2), (18.5-56.5) versus 55.5˚ (19), (20-75.9), (p = 0.01). The amount loaded in all patients was at mean (SD) (range) 29.2Kg (17.7), (2-56) and the percentage Body Weight was 30.7% (19), (2.1-63.2). There were no differences between the groups neither in amount loaded nor in percentage Body weight (p = 0.614-0.651).The RadATLA is a reliable and reproducible angle and can be used to determine the position of the ankle, when loaded in a brace during rehabilitation following Achilles tendon rupture.
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| 7. |
- Delsing, Jerker, et al.
(författare)
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Low-pressure gap discharge ultrasonic gas flowmeter
- 2010
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Ingår i: The 15th International Flow Measurement Conference. ; , s. 259-266
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low-pressure gas measurements are of increasing interest in the process industry for both control purposes and emission measurements. Industrial measurement environments include some very challenging components, such as:- Dust, particles, vapor, water droplets, etc.- Temperatures up to 1200°C- Pipe diameters of 1 to 10 mUltrasound flow measurement techniques have many advantages for such industrial measurement problems. Currently, a major problem is the lack of transducer technology that is sufficiently robust to operate in the presence of the above given industrial components. For the purpose of producing more robust technology, a gap discharge sound transmitter has been developed [1, 2]. Theoretical and experimental studies of the gap discharge transmitter indicate that flow measurement performances in the range of 1-2% of the actual flow is achievable [3]. Based on this gap discharge transmitter, an experimental ultrasound gas flowmeter was designed. The design features a gap discharge transmitter and piezo-based receivers. The design was tested in a real industrial environment. The test environment included heavy dust and water vapor in an exhaust pipe at a pelletization plant at LKAB, Kiruna, Sweden. The pipe diameter is 3 m, the pressure is ambient, and the gas flow speed is in the range of 5-20 m/s. The flow conditions were highly turbulent, using a straight pipe length ten times the pipe diameter in front of the experimental flowmeter. This paper presents the experimental gap discharge ultrasonic flowmeter design, the experimental setup and some measurement data. These data indicate that the gap discharge transmitter is feasible for operation in an industrial environment. Further preliminary flow measurement data demonstrate the feasibility of using a gap discharge transmitter as the sound-emitting source in an ultrasonic gas flowmeter.
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| 8. |
- Edvardsson, Sverker, et al.
(författare)
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corr3p_tr : A particle approach for the general three-body problem
- 2016
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Ingår i: Computer Physics Communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-4655 .- 1879-2944. ; 200, s. 259-273
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work presents a convenient way to solve the non-relativistic Schrodinger equation numerically for a general three-particle system including full correlation and mass polarization. Both Coulombic and non-Coulombic interactions can be studied. The eigensolver is based on a second order dynamical system treatment (particle method). The Hamiltonian matrix never needs to be realized. The wavefunction evolves towards the steady state solution for which the Schrodinger equation is fulfilled. Subsequent Richardson extrapolations for several meshes are then made symbolically in matlab to obtain the continuum solution. The computer C code is tested under Linux 64 bit and both double and extended precision versions are provided. Test runs are exemplified and, when possible, compared with corresponding values in the literature. The computer code is small and self contained making it unusually simple to compile and run on any system. Both serial and parallel computer runs are straight forward. Program summary Program title: corr3p_tr Catalogue identifier: AEYR_v1_0 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEYR_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.ukilicence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 15025 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 156430 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: ANSI C. Computer: Linux 64bit PC. Operating system: Linux 64bit. RAM: 300 M bytes Classification: 2.7, 2.8, 2.9. Nature of problem: The Schrodinger equation for an arbitrary three -particle system is solved using finite differences and a fast particle method for the eigenvalue problem [20, 21, 23]. Solution method: A fast eigensolver is applied (see Appendix). This solver works for both symmetrical and nonsymmetrical matrices (which opens up for more accurate nonsymmetrical finite difference expressions to be applied at the boundaries). The three-particle Schrodinger equation is transformed in two major steps. First step is to introduce the function Q(r(1), (r)2, mu) = r(1)r(2)(1 - mu(2))phi(r(1), r(2), mu), where mu = cos (0(12)). The cusps (r(1) = r(2), mu = 1) are then transformed into boundary conditions. The derivatives of Qare then continuous in the whole computational space and thus the finite difference expressions are well defined. Three-particle coalescence (r(1) = r(2) = 0, mu) is treated in the same way. The second step is to replace Q(r(1), r(2), mu) with (2,root x(1)x(2))(-1)Q(x(1) x(2), mu). The space (x(1), x(2), mu) is much more appropriate for a finite difference approach since the square roots x(1) = root r(1), x(2) = root r(2) allow the boundaries to be much further out. The non-linearity of the x-grid also leads to a finer description near the nucleus and a coarser one further out thus resulting in a saving of grid points. Also, in contrast to the usual variable r(12), we have instead used mu which is an independent variable. This simplifies the mathematics and numerical treatments. Several different grids can naturally run completely independent of each other thus making parallel computations trivial. From several grid results the physical property of interest is extrapolated to continuum space. The extrapolations are made in a matlab m-script where all computations can be made symbolically so the loss of decimal figures are minimized during this process. The computer code, including correlation effects and mass polarization, is highly optimized and deals with either triangular or quadratic domains in (x(1), x(2)). Restrictions: The amount of CPU time may become unreasonable for states needing boundary conditions very far beyond the origin. Also if the condition number of the corresponding Hamiltonian matrix is very high, the number of iterations will grow. The use of double precision computations also puts a limit on the accuracy of extrapolated results to about 6-7 decimal figures. Unusual features: The numerical solver is based on a particle method presented in [20, 21, 23]. In the Appendix we provide specific details of dealing with eigenvalue problems. The program uses a 64 bit environment (Linux 64bit). Parallel runs can be made conveniently through a simple bash script. Additional comments: The discretized wavefunction is complete on every given grid. New interactions can therefore conveniently be added to the Hamiltonian without the need to seek for an appropriate basis set. Running time: Given a modern CPU such as Intel core i5 and that the outer boundary conditions of r(1) and r(2) is limited to, say 16 atomic units, the total CPU time of totally 10 grids of a serial run is typically limited to a few minutes. One can then expect about 6-7 correct figures in the extrapolated eigenvalue. A single grid of say h(1) = h(2) = h(3) = 1/16 converges in less than 1 s (with an error in the eigenvalue of about 1 percent). Parallel runs are possible and can further minimize CPU times for more demanding tasks. References: [20] S. Edvardsson, M. Gulliksson, and J. Persson.). Appl. Mech. ASME, 79 (2012) 021012. [21] S. Edvardsson, M. Neuman, P Edstrom, and H. Olin. Comp. Phys. Commun. 197 (2015) 169. [23] M. Neuman, S. Edvardsson, P. Edstrom, Opt. Lett. 40 (2015) 4325.
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| 9. |
- Hagvall, Kristoffer, 1985-
(författare)
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Characterization of aluminum in environmental systems using X-ray absorption and vibrational spectroscopy : The importance of organic matter
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The fate and behavior of many metals in the environment are highly dependent on interactions with natural organic matter (NOM), which is abundant in most soils and surface waters. The complexation with NOM can influence the speciation of the metals by affecting their hydrolysis and solubility. This in turn will also have an effect on the mobility and potential toxicity of the metals. For aluminum (Al) these interactions are of high environmental importance since Al have been shown to have negative effects on plant growth, water living organisms, and fish.This thesis will focus on the interactions between Al(III) and NOM in different environments and under varying geochemical conditions. To study this, infrared (IR) spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) have primarily been used. Due to the difficulties in analyzing Al using XAS, gallium(III), shown to be a suitable analogue for Al(III), was used as a probe to get complementary information from the Ga(III)-NOM system. The combined results from these studies showed that Ga(III) and Al(III) formed strong chelate complexes with carboxylic groups in NOM and that these complexes were strong enough to suppress the hydrolysis and polymerization of the metals. Furthermore, Al in organic soil and stream water samples was also studied using XAS and the results showed a variation in the speciation from a predominance of organically complexed Al(III) in the stream waters to a mixture of Al(III)-NOM complexes and precipitated Al phases (Al-hydroxides and/or Al-silicates) in the organic soils. To further study mineral-NOM interactions the effects of NOM on the dissolution of gibbsite (g-Al(OH)3(s); a common mineral in the environment) were investigated. The results showed that NOM can promote mineral dissolution and presence of inner-sphere Al(III)-NOM species on the gibbsite surface, detected by IR spectroscopy, could indicate a ligand induced dissolution. To further investigate the structure of the complex formed at the surface of the mineral, an EXAFS study was conducted on the ternary Ga(III)-NOM-gibbsite system. The results indicated either formation of inner-sphere complexes with Ga(III) acting like a bridge between NOM and the gibbsite surface, or the presence of two separate species; Ga(III)-NOM complexes in solution and a precipitated Ga(OH)3(s) phase.As a sidetrack to the Al(III)-NOM studies, a new way of characterizing NOM was developed using simultaneous infrared and potentiometric titrations, multivariate data analysis, and chemical equilibrium modeling. An acid/base model for a fulvic acid was constructed, based on spectroscopic information about functional groups and their pKa values, and indicated that the fulvic acid is to be regarded as a tetra carboxylic acid consisting of at least four fractions of carboxylic acids. This demonstrates new possibilities to study the acid/base and metal complexing properties of NOM, in which the presence of carboxylic acid groups predominate, and to design equilibrium models more reliable than presented before.
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| 10. |
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