| 1. |
- Karlsson, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Difference in Sun Exposure Habits Between Individuals with High and Low Risk of Skin Cancer
- 2021
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Ingår i: Dermatology practical & conceptual. - : Mattioli1885. - 2160-9381. ; 11:4, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Skin cancer incidence is rapidly increasing. The main risk factor, sun exposure, can be modified. Informational campaigns can be effective in raising skin cancer awareness and target the high-risk population. Still, sun exposure habits in people at high risk of skin cancer are not well-known.Objective: To investigate if and how sun exposure habits differ between low-risk and high-risk individuals.Methods: During the Swedish Euromelanoma campaign of 2018, questionnaires were collected containing information regarding sun exposure habits and risk factors for skin cancer. Data on 4,141 participants was used to investigate the association between risk factors and sun exposure habits.Results: A fair skin type and a previous history of skin cancer were significantly associated with enhanced sun protective behavior. Family history of skin cancer, childhood sunburns and the presence of large/atypical nevi had no effect on sun exposure habits. Going on sunny holidays were particularly unaffected by being at high risk of skin cancer.Conclusion: Individuals at high risk of developing skin cancer showed suboptimal sun exposure habits and harmful traveling behaviors. We suggest that future skin cancer campaigns inform on accurate sun protection behavior during sunny holidays and associated risk factors. Risk factors such as childhood sunburns, numerous common and large/atypical nevi, as well as family history of skin cancer seem to be less recognized by the population.
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| 2. |
- Rosmark, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Alveolar epithelial cells are competent producers of interstitial extracellular matrix with disease relevant plasticity in a human in vitro 3D model
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) have been implicated in pathological remodelling. We examined the capacity of AEC to produce extracellular matrix (ECM) and thereby directly contribute towards remodelling in chronic lung diseases. Cryopreserved type 2 AEC (AEC2) from healthy lungs and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) afflicted lungs were cultured in decellularized healthy human lung slices for 13 days. Healthy-derived AEC2 were treated with transforming growth factor ß1 (TGF-β1) to evaluate the plasticity of their ECM production. Evaluation of phenotypic markers and expression of matrisome genes and proteins were evaluated by RNA-sequencing, mass spectrometry and immunohistochemistry. The AEC2 displayed an AEC marker profile similar to freshly isolated AEC2 throughout the 13-day culture period. COPD-derived AECs proliferated as healthy AECs with few differences in gene and protein expression while retaining increased expression of disease marker HLA-A. The AEC2 expressed basement membrane components and a complex set of interstitial ECM proteins. TGF-β1 stimuli induced a significant change in interstitial ECM production from AEC2 without loss of specific AEC marker expression. This study reveals a previously unexplored potential of AEC to directly contribute to ECM turnover by producing interstitial ECM proteins, motivating a re-evaluation of the role of AEC2 in pathological lung remodelling.
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| 3. |
- Woksepp, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Dissemination of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales through wastewater and gulls at a wastewater treatment plant in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 886
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we report the detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) isolated from Swedish wastewater and gull faeces. CPE have not been detected in samples from animals in Sweden preceding this report. Sampling of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) inlet and outlet, sedimentation basins, surface seawater from key aquatic bird habitats and freshly deposited gull faeces was done on six separate occasions during May to September 2021. Following broth enrichment, selective screening of putative CPE was performed on mSuperCarbaTM (CHROMagar). Species identification was done with MALDI-TOF. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to EUCAST. In total, seventeen CPE were verified by genome sequencing carrying blaGES-5, blaIMI-3, blaOXA-181 or blaOXA-244. The blaGES-5 was carried on IncP plasmids in four different species; Escherichia coli ST10 isolated from WWTP outlet, Raoultella ornithinolytica isolated from WWTP inlet, outlet and sedimentation basins as well as gull faeces collected at the WWTP and Klebsiella spp. isolates from WWTP inlet and outlet. The genetic environment surrounding blaGES-5 was similar in two Citrobacter freundii causing human infections. The blaIMI-3 was carried on IncFII(Yp) plasmids in four Enterobacter ludwigii, isolated from WWTP outlet and gull faeces collected at a recreational city park 2 km from the WWTP. The blaOXA-181 was located on a COLKP3 plasmid found in an E. coli, while blaOXA-244 was chromosomally located in an E. coli ST10, both isolated from WWTP inlet. Phylogenetic analysis of R. ornithinolytica and E. ludwigii isolates indicate that the gulls carried strains related to those identified in the WWTP samples. The results thus add to the increasing evidence of WWTPs as anthropogenic reservoirs for mobile genetic elements with antibiotic-resistance functionality. Such environments could profoundly impact the dissemination and spread of such genetic elements via for example aquatic birds, thereby warranting further study and surveillance.
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| 4. |
- Abdellah, Tebani, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of molecular profiles in a longitudinal wellness profiling cohort.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important aspect of precision medicine is to probe the stability in molecular profiles among healthy individuals over time. Here, we sample a longitudinal wellness cohort with 100 healthy individuals and analyze blood molecular profiles including proteomics, transcriptomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, autoantibodies andimmune cell profiling, complementedwith gut microbiota composition and routine clinical chemistry. Overall, our results show high variation between individuals across different molecular readouts, while the intra-individual baseline variation is low. The analyses show that each individual has a unique and stable plasma protein profile throughout the study period and that many individuals also show distinct profiles with regards to the other omics datasets, with strong underlying connections between the blood proteome and the clinical chemistry parameters. In conclusion, the results support an individual-based definition of health and show that comprehensive omics profiling in a longitudinal manner is a path forward for precision medicine.
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| 5. |
- Ahlquist, Mårten, et al.
(författare)
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Rhodium(I) hydrogenation in water : Kinetic studies and the detection of an intermediate using C-13{H-1} PHIPNMR spectroscopy
- 2007
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Ingår i: Inorganica Chimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-1693 .- 1873-3255. ; 360:5, s. 1621-1627
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanism for hydrogenation of dimethylmaleate in water using cationic rhodium complexes with water-soluble bi-dentate phosphines has been investigated using kinetics and a novel method for the indirect detection of intermediates in catalytic hydrogenation reactions, whereby a late intermediate was detected. A mechanism is proposed involving fast, irreversible substrate binding followed by a rate-determining reaction with dihydrogen.
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| 6. |
- Almamoun, Radwa, et al.
(författare)
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Altered gut microbiota community structure and correlated immune system changes in dibutyl phthalate exposed mice
- 2023
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Ingår i: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. - 0147-6513 .- 1090-2414. ; 262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant linked with various adverse health effects, including immune system dysfunction. Gut microbial dysbiosis can contribute to a wide range of pathogenesis, particularly immune disease. Here, we investigated the impact of DBP on the gut microbiome and examined correlations with immune system changes after five weeks oral exposure (10 or 100 mg/kg/day) in adult male mice. The fecal microbiome composition was characterized using 16S rRNA sequencing. DBP-treated mice displayed a significantly distinct microbial community composition, indicated by Bray-Curtis distance. Numerous amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) at the genus level were altered. Compared to the vehicle control group, the 10 mg/kg/day DBP group had 63 more abundant and 65 less abundant ASVs, while 60 ASVs were increased and 76 ASVs were decreased in the 100 mg/kg/day DBP group. Both DBP treatment groups showed higher abundances of ASVs assigned to Desulfovibrio (Proteobacteria phylum) and Enterorhabdus genera, while ASVs belonging to Parabacteroides, Lachnospiraceae UCG-006 and Lachnoclostridium were less common compared to the control group. Interestingly, an ASV belonging to Rumniniclostridium 6, which was less abundant in DBP-treated mice, demonstrated a negative correlation with the increased number of non-classical monocytes observed in the blood of DBP-treated animals. In addition, an ASV from Lachnospiraceae UCG-001, which was more abundant in the DBP-treated animals, showed a positive correlation with the non-classical monocyte increase. This study shows that DBP exposure greatly modifies the gut bacterial microbiome and indicates a potential contribution of microbial dysbiosis to DBP-induced immune system impairment, illustrating the importance of investigating how interactions between exposome components can affect health.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Almamoun, Radwa, 1989-
(författare)
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Toxicological studies of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) : Impact on the reproductive system and gut microbiota
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The potential health impact of exposure to anthropogenic chemicals has raised major concerns worldwide. Phthalates are mainly used in the plastic industry and have been associated with adverse effects in humans. Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the dominant phthalates with a ubiquitous presence in the environment. While many studies have examined the endocrine disrupting properties of DBP, with a focus on developmental and reproductive dysfunctions, studies of its effects on the adult reproductive system and gut microbiota are limited. This thesis aimed to determine persistent effects of DBP on the adult male reproductive system, provide a high-throughput screening tool for identifying reproductive toxicants, and characterize the effects of DBP on the gut microbiota. Paper I investigated if adult DBP exposure can induce persistent effects on the mature reproductive system. Adult male mice were orally exposed to 10 or 100 mg/kg/day for five weeks and testes were collected one week after the last dose. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in testosterone levels in the DBP-exposed groups. Mechanistically, the levels of steroidogenic enzymes, cell-specific markers and oxidative stress were increased. In paper II, elements of the in vivo testicular microenvironment, including functional testosterone production, were modeled using a three-dimensional (3D) heterogenous testicular cell co-culture derived from neonatal mice. Automated high-content imaging of cell-specific markers confirmed the presence of germ cells (DAZL+), Leydig cells (CYP11A1+), and Sertoli cells (SOX9+). DBP exposure decreased testosterone production, as well as levels of the steroidogenic enzyme CYP11A1, and the steroidogenic regulator StAR. Overall, this in vitro 3D model recapitulates the testicular pathways involved in DBP toxicity, making it a relevant tool for assessing reprotoxic effects of chemicals. Paper III investigated the impact of oral DBP exposure on the gut microbiota and the potential interplay with immune and testicular toxicity using 16S rRNA sequencing. DBP-treated mice showed a distinct microbial composition and numerous differentially abundant amplicon sequence variants. Interestingly, the microbial alterations correlated with an increase in non-classical monocytes observed in DBP-exposed mice. In paper IV, a shotgun metagenomic analysis was conducted to achieve a more comprehensive characterization of the DBP-induced effects on gut microbiota composition and function. The DBP-exposed mice had a higher abundance of Adlercreutzia mucosicola, a bacterium linked with intestinal inflammation. In contrast, the beneficial Akkermansia muciniphila was less abundant in DBP-exposed mice. Functional analysis demonstrated that DBP exposure increased the abundance of genes involved in environmental sensing and antimicrobial resistance. In conclusion, this doctoral thesis demonstrates the antiandrogenic effects of DBP as well as potential underlying mechanisms of testicular dysfunction in adult mice. In addition, we established a powerful in vitro tool for screening reprotoxic effects. The gut microbiota was also impaired by DBP exposure, which may play a potential role in initiating or exacerbating the DBP-induced toxicity. Overall, this work highlights the potential health impact of the interplay between the two exposome components, chemical exposure and gut microbiota.
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