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- Marklund, Emil, 1985-
(författare)
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Teachers’ lives in transition : gendered experiences of work and family among primary school teachers in northern Sweden, c. 1860–1940
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis, primary school teachers in a coastal area of northern Sweden c. 1860–1940 are studied with the overarching purpose to investigate the link between professional work and private life. Four sub-studies provide results on who the teachers were with regard to gender, professional status (teacher qualification) and socio-economic background, and on their family formation during the study period. Dis(similarities) over time and between the genders are analysed and discussed within a life-course framework, especially concerning women’s possibility to become teachers and combine their employment with family formation. The findings are obtained through quantitative as well as qualitative analyses of multiple sources like digitised parish records, censuses, teacher registers and a diary. The latter provides unique insights into the everyday life of a young woman and her interaction with the local community through her teacher position and social networks. The results show both continuity and change. The recruitment pattern of primary school teachers in terms of social origin remained stable throughout the study period. A farming origin was most typical while children of higher professionals were most likely to become teachers, but this group alone could not cover the need for new teachers. National reforms of the teacher training and its increasing accessibility on a regional level had a big impact on the number, qualification, and gender composition of primary school teachers in the study area. Results on the dynamic link between work and family formation show that female teachers were among the first middle-class women to increase their share in experiencing motherhood. In the 20th century, an increasing proportion of women who entered the teaching profession returned to it after having children. Overall, the thesis results show that women teachers in contrast to their male counterparts experienced fundamental transitions in their professional as well as family life. This indicates a shift in the perception of a respectable woman teacher. In the 19th century, she could be either a teacher or a mother but rarely both at the same time. Along with changes in societal structures and gendered norms during the 20th century, teaching mothers became far more common suggesting that they enjoyed respectability. The variety of findings of this thesis and its mix of methods allow it to contribute to several fields within history, such as social history, historical demography, gender history and history of education.
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- Andersson, Daniel, 1993-
(författare)
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Berättelser om 1700-talet : frihetstiden och Gustav III:s regeringstid i svensk historiekultur från 1870-tal till 1990-tal
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation analyses historical-cultural change in Sweden during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The study focuses on historical narratives concerning the eighteenth-century epoch called the Age of Liberty and the subsequent reign of Gustav III. The overarching aim has been to study these narratives within a Swedish national historical culture from the 1870s to the 1990s. Three different arenas are examined in which history has been mediated in society: the historical research arena, the history textbook arena and history-mediating texts published in the press, what is here referred to as the press arena. The dissertation analyses the relationship between the mediation within these arenas, how this relationship has changed over time, and how they have taken part in influencing the overall image of the Age of Liberty and Gustav III's reign. The theoretical framework is largely based on history didactical perspectives concerning historical culture and the mediation of history. A two-pronged analytical method has been applied consisting of a hermeneutic analysis of mediation and a narrative analysis.This study shows that the three arenas are the most homogeneous in relation to each other during the period from the 1870s up until the 1920s. The historical culture is dominated by two main narratives during this period. One is a conservative, royalistic state idealist narrative, where the Age of Liberty functions as a cautionary tale about the dangers of party rule and a weak monarchy. The other narrative is a prodemocratic anti-Gustavian narrative, originating from the works of Anders Fryxell. However, this narrative is absent from the textbook arena, where the state idealist narrative is completely dominant. But overall, there is high level of temporal consistency between the three arenas during this time. This changes from the 1920s onwards, when the arenas drift apart and become more heterogeneous in relation to each other. As the arenas become more genre-specific, their roles as platforms for history mediation consequently begin to diverge. Which arena narratives are conveyed in, gradually attains greater importance for the historical-cultural communication.From the 1960s onwards, a Lagerrothian pro-parliamentary, prodemocratic narrative, which primarily originates from the research arena, becomes prominent in textbooks and press, but not as prominent in historical research. In this narrative, the Age of Liberty is presented as the precursor of the sound democratic, parliamentary system known in contemporary times, with people's rule, social equality, and without royal interference. The reign of Gustav III is described as an obstacle standing in the path of desirable social and political development. The narrative consolidates democratic ideals in its contemporary context by highlighting parliamentary and democratic traditions in the nation’s history. By the end of the twentieth century, the Lagerrothian narrative dominates both the textbook arena and the press arena. The shift from one dominant narrative to another suggests that the political applicability of research narratives in different times has a strong impact on historical cultural change within the framework of the nation. The study also shows that the most dominant narrative has not shifted chronologically from an old narrative to a newer one. Rather, the shift has been from one dominant narrative direction to another, while both have been mediated simultaneously for decades. It is concluded in the study that the view of a “lag” between historical research and other arenas must be nuanced and placed in the context of specific historical narratives.
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| 3. |
- Hortlund, Cecilia, 1989-
(författare)
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Svenskar, krigare, söner av Finland : maskulinitet, minoritetsnationalism, nationell identitet och sociala skillnader inom svenskspråkiga skyddskårer i Österbotten och Åboland 1918-1939
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation is a study on the Swedish-speaking Civil Guards in Ostrobothnia and Turunmaa in Finland during the Finnish interwar period (1918-1939). The study focuses on how they created their own Swedish minority nationalist identity in regards to the national project of White (bourgeois) Finland. They did so with the aid of conceptions and ideals of masculinities, nationalism, national identity and social differences. The Swedish-speaking Civil Guards were part of a turbulent time in Finnish history with Finland declaring independence and separating from Russia in 1917. The Finnish Civil Guard was an organisation forged by the Finnish Civil War of 1918 where it acted as the primary armed force on the White (bourgeois) side of the conflict. In 1919 the Civil Guard had about 107 000 members, which was the highest number during their active years, and membership was voluntary. During the 1920’s the total number of members remained relatively steady at about 80 000 members.This study implements an intersectional perspective consisting of four different main categories: masculinities, minority nationalism, national identity and social differences. These categories are then analysed together with theory on nationalist projects as presented by Nira Yuval-Davis. The empirical basis of this study is composed of material such as yearly summaries, minutes, and similar documents from different local civil guards in the two Swedish-speaking civil guard districts of Vaasa and Turunmaa. The study also bases itself on an analysis of two civil guard periodicals: Svenska Skyddskåristen (1919-1927) and Skyddskåristen (1928-1939).This study shows that the Swedish-speaking Civil Guards reproduced their own version of a bourgeois minority nationalist identity where militarised masculine ideals blended together with a focus on their Swedish heritage and blood, the responsibilities to the Finnish nation, and conceptions on social differences where different members of society received different status in their narrative. They romanticised the idea of the Ostrobothnian peasant as the cradle of Swedish heritage in Finland and a symbol of strength, honour and power. In addition, they reproduced a myth of heroic, manly sacrifice for the nation that was meant to urge its members and the Finnish people to act and defend the country.
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